Night heron

{{Short description|Common name for various birds}}

{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}

{{Paraphyletic group

| auto = yes

| image = Nycticorax-nycticorax-004.jpg

| image_caption = Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax

| parent = Ardeinae

| includes_text = Genera

| includes = *Gorsachius

• Nyctanassa
• Nycticorax

}}

The night herons are medium-sized herons, 58–65 cm, in the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius. The genus name Nycticorax derives from the Greek for "night raven" and refers to the largely nocturnal feeding habits of this group of birds, and the croaking crow-like, almost like a barking sound, call of the best known species, the black-crowned night heron.{{Cite book|title=The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names : from aalge to zusii|last=Jobling, James A.|date=2010|publisher=Christopher Helm|isbn=9781408133262|location=London|oclc=659731768}}

In Europe and the Western United States, night heron is often used to refer to the black-crowned night heron, since it is the only member of the genus in those regions. The black-crowned night heron was named the official bird of the city of Oakland, California.{{Cite web |last=McDede @hollymcdede |first=Holly J. |date=2019-07-27 |title=Recuperated Egrets and Herons Rescued from Oakland Tree Head Back to Nature {{!}} KQED |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11763843/recuperated-egrets-and-herons-rescued-from-oakland-tree-head-back-to-nature |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.kqed.org |language=en}}

Adults are short-necked, short-legged, and stout herons with a primarily brown or grey plumage, and, in most, a black crown. Young birds are brown, flecked with white. At least some of the extinct Mascarenes taxa appear to have retained this juvenile plumage in adult birds.

Night herons nest alone or in colonies, on platforms of sticks in a group of trees, or on the ground in protected locations such as islands or reedbeds. 3–8 eggs are laid.

Night herons stand still at the water's edge and wait to ambush prey, mainly at night. They primarily eat small fish, crustaceans, frogs, aquatic insects, and small mammals. During the day, they rest in trees or bushes.

There are seven extant species. The genus Nycticorax has suffered more than any other Pelecaniformes genus from extinction, mainly because of their capability to colonize small, predator-free oceanic islands, and a tendency to evolve towards flightlessness.

Night herons in Europe breed mainly in southern and southeastern Europe and migrate across the Sahara to winter in central and west Africa.RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). {{ISBN|978-1-4729-0647-2}}.