Night of Speed
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
The Night of Speed was the rare occurrence when three men set the world record in the 100 metres in the same {{nowrap|track meet.{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketcollectables.net/the-night-of-speed-signed-print.html |title=Cricket Collectables Olympics athletics memorabilia Cricket Collectables Affordable Gift or Investment |publisher=Cricketcollectables.net |accessdate=2015-10-25}}{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/viewtopic.php?p=417685 |accessdate=January 8, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922071912/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/discussion/viewtopic.php?p=417685 |archivedate=September 22, 2012 |title=Track & Field News • View topic - 100 m of 1968 AAU championship }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wadVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8OADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6871%2C4777411 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |title=Trio crack world mark in century |date=June 21, 1968 |page=2B}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=92czAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5012%2C7388045|work=Lodi News-Sentinel |location=(California) |agency=UPI |title=Hines, Greene, Smith set 100 meter record of 9.9 |date=June 21, 1968 |page=9}}{{cite journal |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1968/07/01/612184/some-old-boys-make-a-stand |journal=Sports Illustrated |last=Underwood |first=John |title=Some old boys make a stand|date=July 1, 1968 |page=32}}{{cite news |url=http://www.sacsports.com/articles/post/night-of-speed-and-other-tales-from-sacramentos-rich-track-history/ |publisher=Sacramento Sports Commission |title='Night of Speed' and other tales from Sacramento's rich track history |date=April 15, 2014 |accessdate=December 1, 2018}}}} On Thursday, June 20, 1968, two semi-final races were held as part of the AAU National Championships at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California.
History
At the time, the world record for the 100 metres was 10.0 seconds, hand timed, set, and equaled over the years by Armin Hary (Germany) and Harry Jerome (Canada) in 1960, Horacio Esteves (Venezuela) and Bob Hayes (United States) in 1964, Jim Hines (U.S.) and Enrique Figuerola (Cuba) in 1967, and by Paul Nash (South Africa) and Oliver Ford (U.S.) earlier in 1968.
Sacramento
Earlier in the day, with the maximum allowable wind of {{convert|2.0|m/s|kph mph}}, Roger Bambuck (France) and Charles Greene (U.S.) had again tied the world record (10.0).
With an aiding wind of {{convert|0.8|m/s|kph mph|abbr=on}}, Hines won the first semi-final, timed in 9.9 seconds, to set the new world record, but in second place Ronnie Ray Smith was also credited with the same time, equalling the world record. Minutes later in the second semi-final, with a {{convert|0.9|m/s|kph mph|abbr=on}} aiding wind Greene was also given the same time. As this was before the acceptance of fully automatic timing, the hand times were official, each recorded by three separate hand timed stopwatches. An experimental Accutrack automatic timing device was being used for this meet: the times recorded by it showed Hines ran 10.03, Smith 10.14, and Greene 10.10,{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |accessdate=August 9, 2009 |title=Past Results |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134819/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |archivedate=June 29, 2011 }} information held for the interest of future track statisticians.
Later that evening, Greene went on to win the national championship, posting a wind-aided 10.0 seconds in the final, the same time as the next five finishers (Hines, Lennox Miller, Bambruck, Smith, and Mel Pender).{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.usatf.org/statistics/USA-Champions/USAOutdoorTF/men/100m.aspx |title=USA Track & Field - USA Outdoor Track & Field Champions |publisher=Usatf.org |date= |accessdate=2015-10-25}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=amtYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-PcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6200%2C1380751 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Sprinters sensational |date=June 21, 1968 |page=15 }}
Afterward
Less than four months later, with the assistance of the altitude of Mexico City at the 1968 Olympics, Hines improved the record to 9.95 while winning the gold medal on October 14,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5LgoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-eADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6874%2C3175052 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |last=Green |first=Bob |title=Hines, Matson first Yank gold medal winners |date=October 15, 1968 |page=4B}} which became the first accepted fully automatic timed world record accepted when the IAAF adopted such times in 1977. At those same Olympics, Greene took the bronze medal and all three teamed with Mel Pender to win the gold medal in the 4x100 m relay in world record time. Over the next eight seasons, before the IAAF changed their record criteria, six more individuals tied the 9.9 hand timed world record. The automatic 9.95 was not surpassed until 1983, when Calvin Smith ran 9.93, again at altitude exceeding {{convert|7000|ft|-1}}, at the U.S. Air Force Academy near {{nowrap|Colorado Springs, Colorado.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mK8SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nfkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4666%2C548765 |work=Spokane Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Smith, Ashford now 'World's fastest' |date=July 4, 1983 |page=17}}{{cite journal|url=https://www.si.com/vault/1983/07/11/619436/the-fastest-doubleheader-ever |journal=Sports Illustrated |last=Moore |first=Kenny |title=The fastest doubleheader ever|date=July 10, 1983 |page=28}}}}
It is worth noting that Bob Hayes was timed at 9.9 seconds four years earlier in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. The official time was given as 10.0 seconds because of an idiosyncratic method of measuring the 'hand' times, which were only used at that Olympics.