Nijmegen railway bridge
{{Infobox bridge
|name= Nijmegen Railway Bridge
|image= Nijmegen railway bridge. River Waal. in the back the Oversteek bridge Seen from the Stevenskerk.jpg
|caption= The railway bridge and attached 'Snelbinder' cycle bridge.
|official_name= Nijmegen Bridge
|carries= 2 railway lines and bicycles
|crosses= Waal river
|locale= Nijmegen, Netherlands
|maint=
|design= Truss bridge
|mainspan= {{convert|225|m|ft|0}}{{cite web
| url = http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0011413
| title = Spoorbrug Nijmegen
| accessdate = 17 March 2013
}}
|length= {{convert|675|m|ft|0}}
|height=
|clearance= {{convert|23.1|m|ftin|0}}
|below=
|traffic=
|open= 1879; 1983
|closed= Destroyed twice during World War II. Was rigged to blow by the Germans, but American Allies defused the charges.
|toll=
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|coordinates= {{coord|51.8519|5.8566|display=title,inline}}
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The Nijmegen railway bridge ({{langx|nl|Spoorbrug Nijmegen}}) is a truss bridge spanning the River Waal in the Netherlands, connecting the city of Nijmegen to the town of Lent.
Construction
File:Nijmegen rail bridge 1879.jpg
File:Spoorbrug Nijmegen 001.jpg
Construction started in 1875, on the site of an ancient Roman bridge, and was completed 4 years later in 1879. It originally consisted of three truss arches. The southern land abutment, styled as a medieval city gate, was designed by Dutch architect P.J.H Cuypers. These twin tower structures, one each side of the track, were to protect the entrance to the city of Nijmegen and delay any enemy advance to give time to demolish the bridge.{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Daanen| title=Het Landhooft. The rampart at the Nijmegen railway bridge |date=2011 |publisher=Uitgeverij de Verteller, Nijmegen}}
The railway bridge's construction enabled train connections to Arnhem, thus Nijmegen was the last major city in the Netherlands to be connected to the national rail network.
Second World War
The middle arch of the bridge was destroyed twice during the Second World War, but despite this it survived the conflict. The first demolition was initiated on 10 May 1940 by the Dutch themselves when the Wehrmacht approached. The Germans repaired the bridge, and it was back in service by 17 November 1940.
The Germans modified the abutments by removing the top floor of each tower, strengthening the flat roofs and mounting anti-aircraft guns. The bridge was involved in Operation Market Garden, and was a key Allied objective. The 82nd Airborne Division's assault on the bridge in September 1944 received the nickname "Little Omaha" due to the heavy casualties, and became a significant turning point in the battle.{{cite book|last1=Bowman|first1=Martin|title=Shrinking Perimeter|date=2013|publisher=Pen & Sword|isbn=978-1473826809}}
Despite the efforts of the Americans, frogmen from the German Marine Einsatzkommando were able to demolish the bridge again on 28 September 1944.{{Cite web|title= Hitlers Meereskämpfer: Kampfschwimmer und Torpedomänner im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Documentary, starting min 38)|work= YouTube|access-date=3 April 2024|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3CRZeZycKU |language=de}}
Reconstruction
To facilitate passage by larger ships, the bridge was reconstructed in 1983, still in the truss style but with only one wider arch. The bridge was also raised by one metre. Only the brick abutment remains from the original structure. This abutment was to be demolished during the reconstruction, but protests from Nijmegen residents prevented this and it was declared a national monument, and in 2008 the third level was rebuilt from the original plans.
In 2004, a bicycle bridge known as the Snelbinder was added to the eastern side of the bridge.{{cite book |first=Hylke & others|last=Roodenburg |title=Over de Waal|date=2011 |page=224 |publisher=Uitgeverij Vantilt, Nijmegen |language=nl |isbn=978-90-814500-27}}
Image:Nijmegenskyline.jpg, The Snelbinder and the Nijmegen railway bridge]]
Literature evocation
In the short story of J.H.F. Grönloh (Nescio) "De uitvreter", the main character commits suicide by stepping from the bridge.
References
{{Commons category|Spoorbrug Nijmegen}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Bridges completed in 1879
Category:Bridges completed in 1984
Category:Bridges over the Rhine
Category:Railway bridges in the Netherlands