Nikolaj Pirnat

{{Infobox person

| name = Nikolaj Pirnat

| image = 180px

| alt =

| caption =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1903|12|10|df=y}}

| birth_place = Idrija, Austria-Hungary

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1948|01|09|1903|12|10|df=y}}

| death_place = Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

| nationality =

| other_names = Captain Kopjejkin, Miklavž Breugnon

| occupation = Painter, illustrator, sculptor

| years_active =

| known_for =

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| style = social realism

| module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes

| branch = Yugoslav partisans

| mawards = 40px Order of Brotherhood and Unity
40px Order for Merit to the People

}}

Nikolaj Pirnat (10 December 1903, Idrija, Austria-Hungary – 9 January 1948, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia) was a Slovene painter and sculptor. He was the earliest exponent of social realism in Slovene fine arts.{{cite web |title=117 let od rojstva Nikolaja Pirnata |url=https://www.idrija.com/117-let-od-rojstva-nikolaja-pirnata |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626111011/https://www.idrija.com/117-let-od-rojstva-nikolaja-pirnata |archive-date=2022-06-26 |access-date=2022-06-02 |language=en}}

Biography

File:Nikolaj Pirnat - Mati z otrokom.jpg

Nikolaj Pirnat was born on 10 December 1903 in Idrija (then Austria-Hungary) as the son of writer Maks Pirnat. He attended high school in Kranj and Idrija. He spent four and a half years studying at the Academy of Arts in Zagreb, graduating in sculpting alongside Ivan Meštrović in 1925. In 1927 he spent a year in Paris as part of his studies.

In 1928 he moved from Maribor to Ljubljana, where he held a solo exhibition of his paintings{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbhJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA514 |title=Historical Dictionary of Slovenia |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2018 |isbn=9781538111062 |editor1-last=Plut-Pregelj |editor1-first=Leopoldina |page=514 |editor2-last=Kranjc |editor2-first=Gregor |editor3-last=Lazarević |editor3-first=Žarko |editor4-last=Rogel |editor4-first=Carole}} and started working as an illustrator in the editorial office of the liberal newspaper Jutro until the breakout of the Second World War.

In 1942 he was imprisoned in the Italian Gonars concentration camp. Many of Pirnat's drawings from the camp have been preserved.{{cite book|date=2017 |first=Arturo |isbn=9781510706682 |last=Benvenuti |page=197 |publisher=Skyhorse |title=Imprisoned: Drawings from Nazi Concentration Camps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZL1DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT197}} After the capitulation of Italy in 1943 and the subsequent liberation of the camp, he joined the Yugoslav partisans and worked at the headquarters' art propaganda department. During this period, he went by the pen names Captain Kopjejkin and Miklavž Breugnon. He attained the rank of captain and was awarded the Order of Brotherhood and Unity and the Order for Merit to the People. After the liberation of Belgrade, he became the illustrator for the newspaper Borba.

Following the end of the war and the creation of the Socialist Yugoslav state in 1945, he was appointed professor of drawing at the newly established Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana.{{Cite book |last=Stele |first=France |title=Slovenski biografski leksikon 1925–1991 |publisher=SAZU |location=Ljubljana |publication-date=2009}}

He died in Ljubljana on 9 January 1948.

Style and works

Pirnat's art is noted for its social critique, which often borders on satire. He is among the earliest exponents of social realism in Slovene art and was also among the representatives of early Yugoslav socialist realism prior to the Tito–Stalin split. One of his main early influences was Pablo Picasso.

His oeuvre consists of sculptures (General Rudolf Maister, 1926; Igralec Danilo, 1933), portraits and various oil paintings. Pirnat's statue of John the Baptist is located at the center of the Trnovo Bridge in Ljubljana.{{cite web |title=Trnovo Bridge |url=https://www.visitljubljana.com/en/poi/trnovo-bridge/ |website=visitljubljana.com}} Some of his works are held in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art,{{cite web |title=MG+MSUM collections: Graphics |url=http://www.mg-lj.si/en/collections/ |publisher=Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana}} the National Museum of Natural History,{{cite web |title=Fine Arts Collection |url=http://www.muzej-nz.si/en/collections/museum-collections/878-Fine-Arts-Collection |publisher=National Museum of Natural History}} both in Ljubljana, and the Maribor Art Gallery.{{cite web |title=Nikolaj Pirnat |url=https://artfacts.net/artist/nikolaj-pirnat/25355 |publisher=Artfacts}}

He also illustrated books, namely Oton Župančič's Ciciban (in 1932), Cervantes' Don Quixote, (1935–1937) and others.Enciklopedija Slovenije. (1994). Knjiga 8. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga