Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

{{short description|Chemist, physician and botanist from the Netherlands}}

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

| image = Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin 2.jpg

| alt =

| caption =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1727|02|16|df=y}}

| birth_place = Leiden, Netherlands

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1817|10|26|1727|02|16|df=y}}

| death_place = Vienna, Austrian Empire

| nationality =

| other_names =

| education = Leiden University

| occupation = scientist

| years_active =

| known_for = medicine, chemistry, botany

|author_abbrev_bot = Jacq.

| notable_works =

| awards = member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

| children = Joseph Franz, Emil Gottfried, Franziska

}}

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin{{German title Freiherr}} (16 February 1727{{spaced ndash}}26 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany.

Biography

File:Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum Historia.jpg.]]

File:Haemanthus pubescens00.jpg, Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin 1798]]

Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Paris and afterward to Vienna. In 1752, he studied under Gerard van Swieten in Vienna.

Santiago Madriñán, Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin's American Plants, Brill, 2013, p. 9.

Between 1755 and 1759, Jacquin was sent to the West Indies, Central America, Venezuela and New Granada by Francis I to collect plants for the Schönbrunn Palace, and amassed a large collection of animal, plant and mineral samples. In 1797, Alexander von Humboldt profited from studying these collections and conversing with Jacquin in preparation of his own journey to the Americas.{{ cite book | last=Daum | first=Andreas|authorlink=Andreas Daum | year=2019 | title=Alexander von Humboldt | location=Munich | publisher=C. H. Beck |pages=36-37, 42, 69 | isbn=978-3-406-73436-6 }}

In 1763, Jacquin became professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Bergakademie Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). In 1768, he was appointed Professor of Botany and Chemistry and became director of the botanical gardens of the University of Vienna. For his work, he received the title Edler in 1774. In 1783, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1806, he was created a baron. In 1809, he became a correspondent of the Royal Institute, which later became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001083 |title=Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=19 July 2015}}

His younger son, Emil Gottfried (1767–1792), and his daughter, Franziska (1769–1850), were friends of Mozart; Mozart wrote two songs for Gottfried to publish under Gottfried's name ("Als Luise ...", K. 520, and "Das Traumbild", K. 530) and gave piano lessons to Franziska. Mozart dedicated a considerable number of his works to the Jacquin family, notably the Kegelstatt Trio. This was first played at the Jacquins' house in August 1786 with Franziska playing the piano.

His son Joseph Franz (1766–1839) succeeded him as professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Vienna and wrote several notable botanical books.

Von Jacquin died in Vienna.

He is commemorated by the genera Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) and Jacquiniella (Orchidaceae). In 2011, the Austrian Mint issued silver coins to mark his science expeditions to the Caribbean.{{Cite web |url=http://news.coinupdate.com/austrian-mint-issues-nikolaus-joseph-von-jacquin-silver-coin-0714/ |title=Austrian Mint Issues Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin 20€ Silver Coin |publisher=Coin Update News |access-date=8 March 2011 |archive-date=10 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310024513/http://news.coinupdate.com/austrian-mint-issues-nikolaus-joseph-von-jacquin-silver-coin-0714/ |url-status=dead }}

Publications

[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12738426 Enumeratio systematica plantarum] (1760){{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14652|title=Enumeratio systematica plantarum|last=Jacquin|first=Nikolaus Joseph|date=4 June 1760|publisher=Theodor Haak}}
[https://books.google.com/books?id=jKmj_1ALNYgC Enumeratio Stirpium Plerarumque] (1762)
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12074652 Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum] (1763){{cite web|url=http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p9016coll23/id/23489/rec/47|title=Selectarum stirpium Americanarum historia, in qua ad Linnaeanum systema determinatae descriptaeque sistuntur plantae illae, quas in insulis Martinica, Jamaica, Domingo aliisque et in vicinae continentis parte, observavit rariores; adjectis iconibus ad autoris archetypa pictis :: Latin American plant literature|website=mertzdigital.nybg.org}}
Observationum Botanicarum ([http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/jacquin/band1/index.html part 1] 1764, [http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/jacquin/band2/index.html part 2] 1767, [http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/jacquin/band3/index.html part 3] 1768, [http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/jacquin/band4/index.html part 4] 1771)
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b1206399x Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis] (3 volumes, 1770–1776) with plates by Franz Anton von Scheidel{{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/531|title=Details – Hortus botanicus vindobonensis, seu, Plantarum rariorum, quae in Horto botanico vindobonensi ... :coluntur, icones coloratae et succinctae descriptiones / – Biodiversity Heritage Library|website=www.biodiversitylibrary.org|publisher=Leopold Joannis Kaliwoda|year=1770}}
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12003402 Florae Austriacae] (5 volumes, 1773–1778){{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/457|title=Details – Florae Austriacae, sive, Plantarum selectarum in Austriae archiducatu :sponte crescentium icones, ad vivum coloratae, et descriptionibus, ac synonymis illustratae / – Biodiversity Heritage Library|website=www.biodiversitylibrary.org|publisher=Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda|year=1773}}
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11927124 Icones Plantarum Rariorum] (3 volumes, 1781–1793){{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/329|title=Details – Icones plantarum rariorum / – Biodiversity Heritage Library|website=www.biodiversitylibrary.org|publisher=C. F. Wappler|year=1781}}
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11927926 Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis] (4 volumes, 1797–1804){{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/332|title=Details – Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones / – Biodiversity Heritage Library|website=www.biodiversitylibrary.org|publisher=C. F. Wappler|year=1797}}
[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12064592 Fragmenta Botanica 1804–1809] (1809){{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10273|title=Fragmenta botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata|last=Jacquin|first=Nikolaus Joseph|year=1800 |publisher=Mathias Andreas Schmidt}}
[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48486 Nicolai Josephi Jacquin collectaneorum supplementum ...]
[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15403 Oxalis :Monographia iconibus illustrata]
[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4367 Dreyhundert auserlesene amerikanische Gewächse nach linneischer Ordnung] (with Zorn, Johannes)
Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna 1783 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-8122 Digital edition] by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna, 2nd. ed. 1785 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-8790 Digital edition] by the University and State Library Düsseldorf{{botanist|Jacq.|von Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph}}