Nineteen Articles

{{Infobox

| title = Nineteen Articles

| label1 = SC|data1={{linktext|十|九|信|条}}

| label2 = TC|data2={{linktext|十|九|信|條}}

| label3 =Promulgated on|data3=3 November 1911{{cite book|author=Jianfu Chen|title=Chinese Law: Towards an Understanding of Chinese Law, Its Nature and Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZelKBjdngfsC&pg=PA59|date=14 July 1999|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=90-411-1186-7|pages=59–}}

| label4=Type|data4=Constitutional document{{cite web |url=http://jjckb.xinhuanet.com/opinion/2014-12/03/content_529623.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805181733/http://jjckb.xinhuanet.com/opinion/2014-12/03/content_529623.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 5, 2020|title=The establishment of National Constitution Day to promote the rule of law and civilization|author=|date=2014-12-03|work=Economic Information Daily}}

| label5=Country|data5=Qing China

}}

The Nineteen Articles{{cite book|author=Michael J. Walsh|title=Stating the Sacred: Religion, China, and the Formation of the Nation-State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPSjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|date=25 February 2020|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-55039-0|pages=103–}} ({{zh|s=十九信条|t=十九信條}}), officially the Nineteen Major Articles of Good Faith on the Constitution{{cite book|author1=Mao Tse-tung|author2=Zedong Mao|author3=Laifong Leung|title=The Writings of Mao Zedong, 1949-1976: September 1945 - December 1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHfoxZJzYG4C&pg=PA460|year=1986|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-87332-391-8|pages=460–}} ({{zh|s=宪法重大信条十九条|t=憲法重大信條十九條|links=no}}), also known as the Doctrine of Nineteen Articles{{cite book|author=Qianfan Zhang|title=The Constitution of China: A Contextual Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypZ6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9|date=1 August 2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-84731-991-3|pages=9–}} and 19 Fundamental Articles,{{cite book|author1=Jana S. Rošker|author2=Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik|title=Modernisation of Chinese Culture: Continuity and Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECJQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|date=26 September 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6772-6|pages=73–}} was a constitutional document,{{cite book|author=Han Zhai|title=The Constitutional Identity of Contemporary China: The Unitary System and Its Internal Logic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHnEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=16 December 2019|publisher=Brill Publishers|isbn=978-90-04-38814-7|pages=27–}} and the only constitution of the late Qing dynasty,{{cite book|author=Jiang Bikun|title=A Brief History of China's Modern Constitutionalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8pNAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Law Press|isbn=978-7-5036-0340-2|pages=86–}} which was promulgated by the Qing government on 3 November 1911.{{cite book|author=Sebastian Riebold|title=Revisiting the Sick Man of Asia": Discourses of Weakness in Late 19th and Early 20th Century China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iQXtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA315|date=May 2020|publisher=Campus Verlag|isbn=978-3-593-50902-0|pages=315–}}

The purpose of Nineteen Articles was to establish a British-style system of ministerial responsibility, and reconstitute the Qing government as a constitutional monarchy.{{cite book|author=Jason Buhi|title=Global Constitutional Narratives of Autonomous Regions: The Constitutional History of Macau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QG4ZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|date=29 March 2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-00-036947-2|pages=97–}} These articles restrained the power of the emperor and expanded the power of the congress. However, after only 3 months (February 1912) the monarchy was abolished following the end of the Xinhai Revolution.{{cite book|author1=Xiaobing Li|author2=Qiang Fang|title=Modern Chinese Legal Reform: New Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qv0o6xSNwyQC&pg=PA5|year=2013|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0-8131-4120-6|pages=5–}}

{{Wikisource|Nineteen Articles (1911)}}