Nintendo Research & Engineering

In 1996, following the commercial failure of Nintendo's first virtual reality headset, the Virtual Boy, general manager of the Nintendo Research & Development 1 department (R&D1), Gunpei Yokoi, responsible for the console's development, resigned from Nintendo. This left Nintendo's historic handheld game console and game development department without leadership. As such, then Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi spun-off the hardware development team into a new development department, called Nintendo Research & Engineering, appointing Satoru Okada as general manager. The software development team, however, remained at the R&D1 department. This new department would be responsible for continuing the Game Boy's legacy with the development of successor systems.{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2016/12/31/new-interview-with-satoru-okada-delves-into-the-hidden-history-behind-nintendos-gaming-handhelds/|title=New Interview With Okada Delves Into The Hidden History Behind Nintendo's Gaming Handhelds|last=Barder|first=Ollie|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-01-14}}

{{See also|Game Boy Color#History|label1=History of Game Boy Color}}

File:Nintendo-Game-Boy-Color-FL.jpg, released in 1998, was developed by the department.]]

Despite the Game Boy and its revisions having a monochrome display, Nintendo R&D1, the departments predecessor, had already experimented with color displays from as early as 1992. However, the project was eventually cancelled due to concerns of it being too big, having a drastically decreased battery life (to approximately 1 hour) as LCD color displays required a back-light at the time, and too expensive to manufacture.{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/03/25/gdc09-dsi-architect-reveals-unreleased-nintendo-handhelds/|title=GDC09: DSi architect reveals unreleased Nintendo handhelds|website=Engadget|language=en|access-date=2019-01-15}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/03/gdc-nintendos-u/|title=GDC: Nintendo's Unreleased Portable Prototypes|last=Kohler|first=Chris|date=2009-03-25|work=Wired|access-date=2019-01-15|issn=1059-1028}}{{Cite web|url=https://nintendoeverything.com/a-look-into-nintendos-unreleased-game-boy-successor/|title=A look into Nintendo's unreleased Game Boy successor - Nintendo Everything|website=nintendoeverything.com|access-date=2019-01-15}} However, in October 1997, Okada noticed that color displays were now cheaper and didn't require a back-light. And so, after 5 years of failed prototypes, the Game Boy Color was born. As the team used already existing prototypes as a starting point, development only took approximately 10 months, in contrast to the 2–3 years it usually takes to develop a new system. Despite wishing to design a new system from scratch, Okada and Nintendo decided to keep the Game Boy Color compatible with its already existing library of more than 1600 games.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/9902/b_box/staff/index.html|title=Satoru Okada - Interview|last=|first=|date=|website=Nintendo|access-date=January 15, 2019}}

Shortly after Nintendo released the Game Boy Color, the team experimented with touchscreen displays for the first time. Masato Kuwahara lead the project to develop an attachment for the Game Boy Color, which would attach to the system's display and give it touchscreen capabilities. Although Nintendo EAD general manager and video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto liked the concept, it was eventually cancelled as it wasn't well received by the rest of Nintendo's management due to making the system's screen too dark, as it didn't have a back light.

{{See also|Game Boy Advance#History|label1=History of Game Boy Advance}}

File:Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Purple-FL.jpg]]

After being approximately two years in development, the department launched the Game Boy Color's successor, the Game Boy Advance, in 2001.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/08/24/game-boy-advance-its-finally-unveiled|title=Game Boy Advance: It's Finally Unveiled|author=IGN Staff|date=2000-08-23|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-15}} The development team's first step in designing the new system was determining its central processing unit (CPU) and display resolution, which would eventually determine the handheld's size. The CPU itself took more than one year to design, mainly due to feature requests from both Nintendo and external developers, which required certain functions be implemented directly in the processing unit. One such request was the addition of shoulder buttons (L and R), originally introduced in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Regardless, only one major CPU redesign occurred during the course the handheld's development As for the display's aspect ratio, in order to facilitate bringing ports to the system's library from home consoles, the team decided on implementing a widescreen, a common feature of televisions at the time. In terms of its external design, the team made a drastic change from the Game Boy Advance's predecessors, opting for an horizontal-oriented system instead. Although the team tested a vertical orientation, it was scrapped as it would make the unit too big. Despite using similar materials as its predecessor, the system is and feels much lighter and smaller due to its more optimized internal layout, such as the position of its batteries in the system's center.{{Cite web|url=https://pocket.ign.com/news/24829.html|title=Game Boy Advance Creators Speak|last=Harris|first=Craig|date=September 11, 2000|website=IGN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017125523/https://pocket.ign.com/news/24829.html|archive-date=October 17, 2000|url-status=dead|access-date=January 15, 2019}}

Masato Kuwahara tested a touchscreen attachment the team had developed for the Game Boy Color on the Game Boy Advance SP, however it suffered the same fate as its predecessor.

{{See also|Nintendo DS#History|label1=History of Nintendo DS}}

File:DSOnWhite.jpg]]

Shortly after launching the Game Boy Advance SP, the department started working on a new system in the Game Boy family, code-named Iris. Although the project was progressing with no issues, it was suddenly cancelled. Then-Nintendo president Satoru Iwata was approached by his predecessor, Hiroshi Yamauchi, who requested he implement two screens on Nintendo's next handheld, in the same fashion as the dual-screen Game & Watch. Despite the team and Iwata himself hating the idea, Iwata demanded that the project would go forward. In a 2017 interview, Okada confessed he now believed that pushing for a direct successor for the Game Boy Advance was wrong and was glad Iwata followed with Yamauchi's input.{{Cite web|url=https://kotaku.com/the-man-who-worked-on-the-original-game-boy-explains-wh-1790673619|title=The Man Who Worked On The Original Game Boy Explains Why Nintendo Created The DS|last=Gach|first=Ethan|website=Kotaku|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-15}}

In late 2006, the department started development on the third system in the Nintendo DS family. The project was directed by Masato Kuwahara and would later be known as the Nintendo DSi. Despite initially struggling to decide on how to innovate with the restriction of making the system a revision of the Nintendo DS instead of a full-blown successor, by February 2007, the system's technical specifications were set.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Iwata-Asks/Iwata-Asks-Nintendo-DSi/Volume-1-Hardware/1-Two-Cameras-and-an-SD-Card/1-Two-Cameras-and-an-SD-Card-1049324.html|title=Iwata Asks: Nintendo DSi|website=Nintendo of Europe GmbH|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-01-15}}

While developing the Nintendo DSi XL, the department was also working on a successor to the Nintendo DS family, the Nintendo 3DS.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/jobs/interview/2012/inouef.html|title=開発技術部　井上 文彦|last=|first=|date=|website=Nintendo|language=Japanese|access-date=}}

{{See also|Nintendo DS#History|label1=History of Nintendo DS}}

File:Nintendo-3DS-AquaOpen.png]]

In January 2012, the department's general manager, Satoru Okada retired.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/06/report-metroid-director-satoru-okada-retires-from-nintendo|title=Report: Metroid Director Satoru Okada Retires from Nintendo|last=Moser|first=Cassidee|date=2014-10-06|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-14}} Shortly after, on February 16, the department was merged with the Integrated Research & Development division, effectively combining Nintendo's portable and home video game console development teams. According to then Nintendo president Satoru Iwata the aim of the merge was to develop a common software architecture for Nintendo's future consoles, such as their operating system, in order to facilitate developing games and apps for various consoles, thus eliminating software "droughts".{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/01/16/report-nintendo-to-restructure-hardware-divisions |title=Report: Nintendo to Restructure Hardware Divisions |publisher=IGN | date=2013-01-15}}{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/02/01/nintendo-confirms-hardware-development-reorganization |title=Nintendo Confirms Hardware Development Reorganization |publisher=IGN |date=2013-02-01}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/events/140130qa/02.html|title=Corporate Management Policy Briefing / Third Quarter Financial Results Briefing for the 74th Fiscal Term Ending March 2014 - Q&A|website=www.nintendo.co.jp|access-date=2019-01-13}}

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{{Nintendo developers}}

Category:Nintendo divisions and subsidiaries

Category:Video game companies established in 1996

Category:Video game companies disestablished in 2012

Category:Defunct video game companies of Japan

Category:Japanese companies established in 1996

Category:2012 disestablishments in Japan

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