Ninth five-year plan (Soviet Union)

The Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the country's economy between 1971 and 1975. There was a marked slowdown in nearly all sectors of the Soviet economy by the time it ended.{{cite book |author1=Nuti, Leopoldi | title = The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985 | location = London; New York| publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2009 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C | isbn = 978-0-415-46051-4 | page = 192 }} The plan was presented by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexei Kosygin at the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1971.

The 24th Congress and development

{{further|24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}

The Ninth Five-Year Plan was presented to the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1971 by Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. The plan's main focus was to increase the growth of industrial produced consumer goods. It was the first five-year plan to call for a higher increase for industrial consumer goods than in capital goods.{{cite book |author1=Johnston, Michael |author2=Heidenheimer, Arnold J. | title = Political Corruption: A Handbook | location =New Brunswick, N.J | publisher = Transaction Publishers | year = 1989 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fiVeX-lICtcC | isbn = 0-88738-163-4 | page = 457 }} Brezhnev told the Congress that increasing the standard of living was more important than economic development.{{cite book |author1=Oliver, Michael J |author2=Howard Aldcroft, Derek | title = Economic Disasters of the Twentieth Century | location =Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing | year = 2007 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FuRrzTp0fWoC | isbn = 978-1-84064-589-7 | page = 278 }} The plan proposed an increase in gross national income (GNP) by 37 to 40 percent.{{cite book | author = G. Wesson, Robert | title = Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU | location =Stanford, CA | publisher = Hoover Press | year = 1978 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ppA1WjqExRwC | isbn = 0-8179-6922-5 | page = 250 }}

Fulfillment

The goals set by the 24th Party Congress were not fulfilled, and for the first time, the Soviet economy was facing stagnating growth.{{cite book | author = Garthoff, Raymond L.| title = Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan | location =Washington, DC | publisher = Brookings Institution Press | year = 1994 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mGG-x_tuNUcC | isbn = 0-8157-3041-1 | page = 613 }} While the planned target in consumer goods was higher than in previous plans, the actual growth was far from that planned. Historian Robert Service notes in his book History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century that the economic ministries, in collaboration with the Soviet party-police-military-industrial complex, purposely prevented the targets from being fulfilled.{{cite book | author = Service, Robert | author-link = Robert Service (historian) | title = History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century | location =London | publisher = Penguin Books Ltd | year = 2009 | page = 407 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=o8Z1QAAACAAJ | isbn = 978-0-14-103797-4 }} During the plan, investment in the truck industry increased, but the inefficiencies and relative backwardness of blueprints and technology innovation, as noted by Kosygin, were not solved.{{cite book | author = Parrott, Bruce | title = Trade, Technology, and Soviet-American Relations | location = Bloomington| publisher = Indiana University Press | year = 1985 | page = 86 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_MMSoIbbnzcC | isbn = 0-253-36025-0 }} During the period covered by the plan, Soviet agriculture was hit by chronic drought and bad weather, which led grain production to be 70 million tons short of the planned target.{{cite book | author = Burroughs, William James | title = Does the Weather Really Matter?: The Social Implications of Climate Change | location =Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1997 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C | isbn = 0-521-56126-4 | page = 89 }} The plan called for the capacity of the Coal Handling and Preparation Plants (CHPP) to increase from 47,000 Megawatt (MW) to 65,000 by 1975; CHPP capacity only reached 59,800 MW.{{cite book | author = Wilson, David | title = The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union | location =London : Croom Helm | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 1983 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1qgOAAAAQAAJ | isbn = 0-7099-2704-5| page = 69 }} By the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, there was a marked slowdown in nearly all sectors of the Soviet economy.{{cite book |author1=Nuti, Leopoldi | title = The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985 | location = London; New York| publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2009 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C | isbn = 978-0-415-46051-4 | page = 192 }}

Not everything was a failure, as investment in computer technology increased by 420 percent over the previous plan.{{cite book | author = Beissinger, Mark R. | title = Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline, and Soviet Power | location =Cambridege, Mass | publisher = Harvard University Press | year = 1988 | page = 248 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T3k9ednYVbwC | isbn = 0-674-79490-7 }} It was estimated by the Soviet government that 200,000 workers were involved in improving and introducing modern computer technology in the country. These computer technicians were developing the Automated System for Management (ASU) in an attempt to improve factory and labour productivity.{{cite book | author = McFarlane, Bruce J. | title = Radical Economics | location =London; Croom Helm | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 1982 | page = 209 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq8OAAAAQAAJ | isbn = 0-7099-1733-3 }} Average real income increased by 4.5 percent per annum.{{cite book | author = Hainsworth, Frank | title = Economics, What Went Wrong? An Introduction to Political Economy| volume = 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis |location = Sydney| year = 1978 | page = 66 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0mU9AAAAIAAJ | isbn = 0-454-00092-8 }}