Nireus
{{Short description|Greek mythological king}}
{{about|the hero of the Trojan War|other uses|Nireus (mythology)}}
In Greek mythology, Nireus (Ancient Greek: Νιρεύς) was a king of the island Syme (according to Diodorus Siculus,Diodorus Siculus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#53.2 5.53.2] also of a part of Cnidia) and one of the Homeric Greeks in the Trojan War. He was the second most handsome man in the Greek camp after Achilles and was physically weak.The New Century Classical Handbook; Catherine Avery, editor; Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1962, p. 754
Biography
Nireus was the son of King CharopusApollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+e.3.13&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Nireus E.3.13] and the nymph Aglaia.Lucian, De Syria Dea [https://topostext.org/work/340#40 40]Homer, Iliad [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+2.672&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Nireus 2.672]; Diodorus Siculus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#53.2 5.53.2]; Hyginus, Fabulae [https://topostext.org/work/206#97 97]; Tzetzes ad Lycophron, [https://archive.org/details/lycophronisalexa02lycouoft/page/314/mode/2up?view=theater 1011] In one account, the hero Heracles was called his father.Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts [https://topostext.org/work/237#190.11 190.11]
Mythology
= Trojan War =
Nireus was among the suitors of Helen and consequently joined in the campaign against Troy.Hyginus, Fabulae [https://topostext.org/work/206#81 81] According to different sources, he was said to have commanded a number of ships: 3,Homer, Iliad [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Il.+2.672&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Nireus 2.672]; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+e.3.13&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Nireus E.3.13]; Dictys Cretensis, [https://topostext.org/work/152#1.17 1.17] 16Hyginus, Fabulae [https://topostext.org/work/206#97 97] or 53.Dares Phrygius, [https://www.theoi.com/Text/DaresPhrygius.html 14] In the military conflict with the Mysian king Telephus, which occurred on the way to Troy (during the first unsuccessful attempt to reach the city), Nireus killed Telephus' wife Hiera, who fought from a chariot "like an Amazon".Philostratus, Heroicus [https://topostext.org/work/222#691 691]; Tzetzes, Antehomerica 287–288
Another story of Nireus, who was "the most beautiful man who came beneath Ilion" (Iliad, 2.673), is the one of his love for Heracles. But Ptolemy adds that certain authors made Nireus out to be a son of Heracles.Ptolemaeus Chennus, 147b
Nireus did not excel in physical strengthQuintus Smyrnaeus, 7.16 ff. and was eventually killed by either Eurypylus, son of Telephus,Quintus Smyrnaeus, 6.410 ff.Hyginus, Fabulae [https://topostext.org/work/206#113 113]; Dictys Cretensis, [https://topostext.org/work/152#4.17 4.17] or Aeneas.Dares Phrygius, [https://www.theoi.com/Text/DaresPhrygius.html 21] A funeral was held for him and his own people cremated him.Dictys Cretensis, [https://topostext.org/work/152#4.18 4.18] However, according to the version recounted by John Tzetzes, Nireus survived the war and, together with Thoas, having been caught in the storm that scattered the Greek ships, landed first in Libya and then sailed off to Argyrinoi and the Ceraunian Mountains, where they settled near Mount Lakmynion and River Aias.Tzetzes on Lycophron, [https://archive.org/details/lycophronisalexa02lycouoft/page/314/mode/2up?view=theater 1014]
= Other tales =
In a rare version of the myth, Nireus was loved by Heracles and he helped the latter to beat down the lion of Helicon.
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
- Dares Phrygius, from The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer, Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/DaresPhrygius.html Online version at theio.com]
- Dictys Cretensis, from The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer, Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. [https://topostext.org/work/152 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
- Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site]
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Euripides, The Plays of Euripides, translated by E. P. Coleridge. Volume II. London. George Bell and Sons. 1891. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0108 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
- Euripides, Euripidis Fabulae. vol. 3. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0107 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
- Homer. Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
- John Tzetzes, Book of Histories, Book I translated by Ana Untila from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades1.html Online version at theio.com]
- Tzetzes, John, Lycophronis Alexandra. Vol. II: Scholia Continens, edited by Eduard Scheer, Berlin, Weidmann, 1881. [https://archive.org/details/lycophronisalexa02lycouoft/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive].
- Lucius Flavius Philostratus, Heroica, translation by Jennifer K. Berenson Maclean and Ellen Bradshaw Aitken, Flavius Philostratus: On Heroes, WGRW 3 (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002), XX. Harvard University's Center for Hellenic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/222 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
- Lucius Flavius Philostratus, Flavii Philostrati Opera. Vol 2. Carl Ludwig Kayser. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Lipsiae. 1871. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0597 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy translated by Way. A. S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 19. London: William Heinemann, 1913. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html Online version at theio.com]
- Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy. Arthur S. Way. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1913. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0490 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
{{Characters in the Iliad}}
Category:Male lovers of Heracles
Category:Kings in Greek mythology