Nodira
{{short description|Uzbek poet and stateswoman}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Nadira.jpeg
| alt = Artistic depiction of Nodira
| birth_name = Mohlaroyim
| birth_date = 1792
| birth_place = Andijan
| death_date = {{death year and age|1842|1792}}
| death_place = Kokand
| issue = Madali Khan
Sultan-Mahmud| religion=Islam
| occupation = Poet, stateswoman
}}
Mohlaroyim ({{langx|uz|Моҳларойим, ماه لر آییم}}; 1792–1842), most commonly known by her pen name Nodira (Нодира, نادره), was an Uzbek poet and stateswoman.{{cite encyclopedia|year=2005|title=Nodira|encyclopedia=Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi|location=Toshkent|last=Qodirova|first=Mahbuba|language=uz|trans-title=National Encycolopedia of Uzbekistan}} She functioned as regent of the Khanate of Kokand during the minority of her son from 1822.
Nodira is generally regarded as one of the most outstanding Uzbek poets.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Uzbek Literature|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/621057/Uzbek-literature/|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=1 March 2013}} She wrote poetry in Uzbek and Persian. Nodira also used other pennames, such as Komila and Maknuna.{{cite web|last1=Qodirova|first1=Mahbuba|title=Nodira (1792-1842)|url=http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1043|website=Ziyouz|access-date=17 October 2014|language=uz}} Many of her diwans have survived and consist of more than 10,000 lines of poetry.{{cite web | url=https://www.ziyouz.uz/en/uzbek-literature/37-xvi-first-half-of-xix-century/66-nodira--komila-1792-1842 | title=Nodira – Komila (1792-1842) }}
Biography
Nodira was the wife of Muhammad Umar Khan who ruled the Khanate of Kokand from c. 1810 until his death in 1822.{{cite encyclopedia
| year = 1990
| title = Nodira
| encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat
| publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi
| location = Toshkent
| language = uz
| id = 5-89890-018-7
| pages = 20
| volume = 2
}} Following her husband's death, Nodira became the de facto ruler of Kokand since her son Muhammad Ali Khan was only a teenager when he was crowned Khan; she continued to be a regent and advisor to him throughout his reign. She was also a writer who wrote poetry both in Uzbek and Persian. Her work consisted of 10,000 hemistiches.{{cite web | url=https://www.ziyouz.uz/en/uzbek-literature/37-xvi-first-half-of-xix-century/66-nodira--komila-1792-1842 | title=Nodira – Komila (1792-1842) }}
Despite her attempts to instill somewhat more socially liberal values into her son, Madali grew to employ expansionist policies that lead to a war with the rival Emirate of Bukhara. Her poetry was frowned upon by the ulama and was deemed "inappropriate", with her writing often bringing up taboo topics and bemoaning the suffering women faced in Central Asia in that time period.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/centralasiagloba0000hank|url-access=registration|title=Central Asia: A Global Studies Handbook|last=Hanks|first=Reuel R.|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851096565|pages=[https://archive.org/details/centralasiagloba0000hank/page/138 138]|language=en}}
She was hanged on the order of Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara in April 1842 along with her sons during the Kokand-Bukhara wars. It was reported Nasrullah was furious that she refused to marry him.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otHfBQAAQBAJ|title=Ferghana Valley: The Heart of Central Asia|last=Starr|first=S. Frederick|date=2014-12-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317470663|pages=34|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tI77bC989PoC&pg=PA1|title=March of Central Asia|last=Rahul|first=Ram|date=2000|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871092|pages=140|language=en}}{{Cite web|url=http://eurasia.travel/uzbekistan/cities/kokand/royal_cemetry/|title=Nodira Beg|website=eurasia.travel|language=EN|access-date=2018-06-11}}
Legacy
Long after her death in 1842 Nodira was promoted in the Soviet era as a national heroine of the Uzbek SSR and enjoyed a status similar to other murdered women such as Nurkhon Yuldasheva. In the public eye she is a martyr and national heroine, and 200 years after her birth, the first national postage stamp of newly independent Uzbekistan featured her portrait.{{Cite web|url=http://grandpoohbah.blogspot.com/2011/01/nodira-mohlaroyim.html|title=Grandpoohbah's Blog: Nodira Mohlaroyim|access-date=2017-12-22}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtzEeq9QcRMC&pg=PA82|title=Nation-building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands: The Politics of National Identities|last=Smith|first=Graham|date=1998-09-10|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521599689|language=en}}
References
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Category:19th-century women regents
Category:19th-century Uzbekistani poets
Category:19th-century women writers
Category:Uzbekistani women poets
Category:19th-century Uzbekistani women