Non-binary gender#Agender

{{anchor|Subcategories|subcategories}}

The term "genderqueer" first appeared in queer zines of the 1980s, preceding the more widely used "non-binary."{{cite book |editor1-last=Hendrie |editor1-first=Theo |title=X Marks the Spot: An Anthology of Nonbinary Experiences |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-0809-6803-9 |page=238|publisher=Independently Published }} It gained prominence in the 1990s through activists, such as Riki Anne Wilchins,{{cite web |last1=Wilchins |first1=Riki |title=Get to Know the New Pronouns: They, Theirs, and Them |url=https://www.pride.com/identities/2017/3/14/get-know-new-pronouns-they-theirs-and-them |website=Pride |date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218052059/https://www.pride.com/identities/2017/3/14/get-know-new-pronouns-they-theirs-and-them |url-status=live}} who used it in a 1995 essay and a 1997 autobiography to describe individuals deviating from traditional gender norms.{{cite web |url=http://genderqueerid.com/gqhistory |title=Genderqueer History |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=November 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112060956/http://genderqueerid.com/gqhistory |url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Wilchins |first1=Riki |title=A Note from your Editrix |journal=In Your Face |date=Spring 1995 |issue=1 |page=4 |url=http://www.gendertalk.com/pubs/InYourFace1.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=October 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005123140/http://www.gendertalk.com/pubs/InYourFace1.pdf |url-status=live}} By 2002, the term had further dissemination through the anthology Genderqueer: Voices Beyond the Sexual Binary.{{cite encyclopedia |title=GenderQueer: voices from beyond the sexual binary |publisher=Alyson Books |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-55583-730-3 |editor1-last=Nestle |editor1-first=Joan |editor2-last=Howell |editor2-first=Clare |editor3-last=Wilchins |editor3-first=Riki Anne |edition=1st |oclc=50389309|year=2002|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555837303}} The rise of the internet and public identification by celebrities brought the term "genderqueer" into mainstream awareness during the 2010s.

Genderqueer serves as both an umbrella term for non-binary identities and an adjective describing those who challenge or diverge from conventional gender distinctions, regardless of how they personally identify. It encompasses a range of expressions that transcend the binary gender categories of man and woman.{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Susan |last2=Lee |first2=Janet |date=April 23, 2014 |title=Women's Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings |edition=Sixth |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |pages=130; 135 |isbn=978-0-07-802700-0 |oclc=862041473}}{{cite magazine |last=Dahir |first=Mubarak |date=May 25, 1999 |title=Whose Movement Is It? |magazine=The Advocate |page=52 |publisher=Here Media |location=San Francisco, California}}

Additionally, being genderqueer is associated with gender ambiguity,{{cite book |title=Transgender Voices: Beyond Women and Men |last=Girshick |first=Lori B. |year=2008 |publisher=University Press of New England |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |isbn=978-1-58465-645-6 |oclc=183162406}}{{Page needed|date=August 2021}} and androgynous (also "androgyne") often used to describe a blend of socially defined masculine and feminine traits.{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Susan M. |last2=Lee |first2=Janet |date=April 23, 2014 |title=Women's Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings |edition=Sixth |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=978-0-07-802700-0 |oclc=862041473}}{{Page needed|date=August 2021}} However, not all genderqueer individuals identify as androgynous; some may identify with traditionally masculine or feminine traits or use alternative descriptors such as "masculine woman" or "feminine man."{{cite magazine |last1=Walsh |first1=Reuben |date=December 2010 |title=More T, vicar? My experiences as a genderqueer person of faith |magazine=All God's Children |publisher=Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement |volume=2 |issue=3}} The term "enby," derived from the acronym NB for non-binary, is also commonly used.{{cite book |first=Vanessa |last=Sheridan |title=Transgender in the Workplace: The Complete Guide |date=2018 |isbn=978-1440858062 |page=11|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}{{cite book |first=Sam |last=Hope |title=Person-Centred Counselling for Trans and Gender Diverse People |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |location=London, England |date=2019 |isbn=978-1784509378 |page=218}}

Being non-binary is also not the same as being intersex. Most intersex people identify as either men or women,{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2016 |title=Understanding Non-Binary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive |url=https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406081742/https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=National Center for Transgender Equality}} although some identify as only non-binary, some identify as non-binary and genderfluid, while others identify as non-binary men or non-binary women.

The term "transgender" often includes those who are genderqueer or non-binary, reflecting a broad spectrum of gender diversity.{{cite web |first=Johanna |last=Schorn |title=Taking the 'Sex' out of Transsexual: Representations of Trans Identities in Popular Media |url=http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/schornglpaper.pdf |department=Inter-Disciplinary.Net |publisher=University of Cologne |location=Cologne, Germany |access-date=October 23, 2014 |page=1 |quote=The term transgender is an umbrella term 'and generally refers to any and all kinds of variation from gender norms and expectations' (Stryker 19). Most often, the term transgender is used for someone who feels that the sex assigned to them at birth does not reflect their own gender identity. They may identify as the gender "opposite" to their assigned gender, or they may feel that their gender identity is fluid, or they may reject all gender categorizations and identify as agender or genderqueer. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025012342/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/schornglpaper.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal |first=Marc E. |last=Vargo |title=A Review of Please select your gender: From the invention of hysteria to the democratizing of transgenderism |journal=Journal of GLBT Family Studies |date=November 30, 2011 |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=2 (493) |doi=10.1080/1550428X.2011.623982 |s2cid=142815065 |issn=1550-4298 |quote=up to three million U. S. citizens regard themselves as transgender, a term referring to those whose gender identities are at odds with their biological sex. The term is an expansive one, however, and may apply to other individuals as well, from the person whose behavior purposely and dramatically diverges from society's traditional male/female roles to the "agender," "bigender" or "third gender" person whose self-definition lies outside of the male/female binary altogether. In short, those counted under this term constitute a wide array of people who do not conform to, and may actively challenge conventional gender norms.}}{{cite book |first=Kirstin |last=Cronn-Mills |title=Transgender Lives: Complex Stories, Complex Voices |date=2014 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn=978-1-4677-4796-7 |page=24 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOUSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |access-date=October 23, 2014 |chapter=IV. Trans*spectrum. Identities |quote=Many different individuals fall under what experts call the trans* spectrum, or the trans* umbrella."I'm trans*" and "I'm transgender" are ways these individuals might refer to themselves. But there are distinctions among different trans* identities. [...] Androgynous individuals may not identify with either side of the gender binary. Other individuals consider themselves agender, and they may feel they have no gender at all. |archive-date=April 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408181300/https://books.google.com/books?id=dOUSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}} This inclusive usage dates back to at least 1992, with significant contributions from figures such as Leslie Feinberg{{cite web |last1=Tobia |first1=Jacob |author-link=Jacob Tobia |title=InQueery: The History of the Word 'Genderqueer' As We Know It |url=https://www.them.us/story/inqueery-genderqueer |website=them |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=February 18, 2020 |date=November 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404231430/https://www.them.us/story/inqueery-genderqueer |url-status=live}} and Kate Bornstein, who emphasized the shared experiences of "gender outlaws."{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VsCl7Ek4N8C&q=All+the+categories+of+transgender+find+a+common+ground+in+that+they+each+break+one+or+more+of+the+rules+of+gender%3A+what+we+have+in+common+is+that+we+are+gender+outlaws%2C+every+one+of+us&pg=PT79 |title=Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women and the Rest of Us |last=Bornstein |first=Kate |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon, England |isbn=978-1-136-60373-0 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=March 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310121616/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VsCl7Ek4N8C&q=All%2Bthe%2Bcategories%2Bof%2Btransgender%2Bfind%2Ba%2Bcommon%2Bground%2Bin%2Bthat%2Bthey%2Beach%2Bbreak%2Bone%2Bor%2Bmore%2Bof%2Bthe%2Brules%2Bof%2Bgender%3A%2Bwhat%2Bwe%2Bhave%2Bin%2Bcommon%2Bis%2Bthat%2Bwe%2Bare%2Bgender%2Boutlaws%2C%2Bevery%2Bone%2Bof%2Bus&pg=PT79 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}} Organizations such as the Human Rights Campaign and Gender Spectrum use "gender-expansive" to denote a broader range of gender identities and expressions than those typically associated with the binary gender system.{{cite web |website=Human Rights Campaign |title=Supporting and Caring for our Gender-Expansive Youth |url=http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/Gender-expansive-youth-report-final.pdf |access-date=May 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129072801/http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/Gender-expansive-youth-report-final.pdf |archive-date=January 29, 2016}}

{{See also|Postgenderism}}

{{visanc|Agender}} individuals, also known as genderless, gender-free, non-gendered, or ungendered,{{cite web |date=April 2013 |title=LGBTQ Needs Assessment|url=http://encompassnetwork.org.uk/uploads/LGBTQ-Needs-Assesmentabsolutelyfinal.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024234412/http://encompassnetwork.org.uk/uploads/LGBTQ-Needs-Assesmentabsolutelyfinal.pdf |archive-date=October 24, 2014 |access-date=October 18, 2014 |website=Encompass Network |pages=52–53}}{{cite web |title=Gender alphabet |url=http://www.safehomesma.org/gender_alphabet.pdf |access-date=October 18, 2014 |website=Safe Homes |page=1 |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415040555/http://www.safehomesma.org/gender_alphabet.pdf |url-status=live}} have no gender at all.{{Cite journal |last=Vargo |first=Marc E. |year=2011 |title=A Review of "Please select your gender: From the invention of hysteria to the democratizing of transgenderism" |journal=Journal of GLBT Family Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=493–494 |doi=10.1080/1550428x.2011.623982 |s2cid=142815065}}{{Cite book |last=Cronn-Mills |first=Kirstin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOUSBAAAQBAJ |title=Transgender Lives: Complex Stories, Complex Voices |year= 2014 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |isbn=978-1-4677-4796-7 |access-date=February 3, 2016 |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202005115/https://books.google.com/books?id=dOUSBAAAQBAJ |url-status=live |via=Google Books}} This group represents a spectrum of identities that diverge from conventional gender norms. According to scholar Finn Enke, not all agender individuals may self-identify as transgender.{{cite book|author=|title=Transfeminist Perspectives In and Beyond Transgender and Gender Studies|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4399-0748-1|editor=Anne Enke|pages=16–20 [18–19]|chapter=Note on terms and concepts}} While there is no universally accepted set of pronouns for agender people, singular they is commonly used, but it is not the default.{{cite web|last=Sojwal|first=Senti|date=September 16, 2015|title=What Does 'Agender' Mean? 6 Things to Know About People With Non-Binary Identities|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/109255-what-does-agender-mean-6-things-to-know-about-people-with-non-binary-identities|access-date=February 22, 2016|website=Bustle|archive-date=February 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222202333/http://www.bustle.com/articles/109255-what-does-agender-mean-6-things-to-know-about-people-with-non-binary-identities|url-status=live}} "Agender" and "Neutrois" were among the custom gender options added to Facebook in February 2014 and to OkCupid since November 2014.{{cite news|first=Matthew|last=Sparkes|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10637968/Facebook-sex-changes-which-one-of-50-genders-are-you.html|title=Facebook sex changes: which one of 50 genders are you?|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=February 14, 2014|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521104128/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10637968/Facebook-sex-changes-which-one-of-50-genders-are-you.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=November 17, 2014|title=OkCupid expands gender and sexuality options|publisher=PBS NewsHour|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/okcupid-expands-gender-sexuality-options|access-date=November 18, 2014|archive-date=November 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119184104/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/okcupid-expands-gender-sexuality-options|url-status=live}}

These terms describe individuals who experience more than one gender identity, either simultaneously or alternately. This category includes identities such as demigender, bigender, pangender, and genderfluid.{{Cite web |date=2022-01-20 |title=Here's What It Means to Be Polygender |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a38832030/polygender/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Cosmopolitan |language=en-US |archive-date=March 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309220627/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a38832030/polygender/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2018-06-23 |title=What It Means To Be Multigender: The Questions Many Have But Are Afraid To Ask |url=https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/what-it-means-to-be-multigender-the-questions-many-have-but-are-afraid-to-ask/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Body Is Not An Apology |language=en-US |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603121645/https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/what-it-means-to-be-multigender-the-questions-many-have-but-are-afraid-to-ask/ |url-status=dead }} In contrast, those who experience a singular, unchanging gender are referred to as monogender or genderstatic.{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Gender Fluidity 101 |url=https://theeverydaymagazine.co.uk/opinion/gender-fluidity-101 |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Everyday |language=en-US |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719161724/https://theeverydaymagazine.co.uk/opinion/gender-fluidity-101 |url-status=live }}

{{Anchor|Trigender}}{{redirect|Bigender|the sexual attraction to more than one gender|Bisexual}}

Bigender individuals possess two distinct gender identities that can manifest simultaneously or fluctuate between masculine and feminine expressions.{{Cite news|first=Ruth Dudley|last=Edwards|url=https://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/ruth-dudley-edwards/asexual-bigender-transexual-or-cis-cant-we-all-just-be-kind-to-each-other-30513083.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218121523/https://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/ruth-dudley-edwards/asexual-bigender-transexual-or-cis-cant-we-all-just-be-kind-to-each-other-30513083.html|title=Asexual, bigender, transexual or cis, can't we all just be kind to each other?|newspaper=The Independent|date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=December 18, 2019}}{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-third-gender-x-oregon-and-california-are-breaking-mf-binary-626551|title=Oregon becomes first state to allow option "X" to end gender binary|first=Sofia Lotto|last=Persio|date=June 16, 2017|magazine=Newsweek|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218161158/https://www.newsweek.com/what-third-gender-x-oregon-and-california-are-breaking-mf-binary-626551|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/irl/nonbinary-definition-pronouns|title=Everything you ever wanted to know about being nonbinary|date=September 28, 2017|website=The Daily Dot|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=September 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928222022/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/nonbinary-definition-pronouns|url-status=live}} This differs from genderfluid identities, which may not involve fixed gender states but rather a fluid range across the gender spectrum.{{Cite web|url=https://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/billy-dee-williams-what-is-gender-fluid|title=Billy Dee Williams: What is gender fluid?|date=December 2, 2019|website=Monsters and Critics|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218123528/https://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/billy-dee-williams-what-is-gender-fluid|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/26/non-binary|title=This is the term for people who aren't exclusively male or female|date=April 26, 2018|website=PinkNews|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218124825/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/26/non-binary|url-status=live}} The American Psychological Association recognizes bigender identity as part of the broader transgender category.{{Cite news|url=https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation|title=Sexual orientation and gender identity|access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102055739/https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation|url-status=live}} Surveys and studies, including a 1999 San Francisco Department of Public Health survey and a 2016 Harris poll, have documented the prevalence of bigender identification, particularly within younger generations.Clements, K. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 San Francisco Department of Public Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915140217/http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 |date=September 15, 2006}}, 1999{{Cite web|url=https://thinkprogress.org/eeoc-now-gives-nonbinary-people-a-way-to-be-counted-in-workplace-6cd48e1cc804|title=EEOC now gives nonbinary people a way to be counted in workplace|website=ThinkProgress|date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019|archive-date=December 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218123520/https://thinkprogress.org/eeoc-now-gives-nonbinary-people-a-way-to-be-counted-in-workplace-6cd48e1cc804|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/files/aa/2017_GLAAD_Accelerating_Acceptance.pdf|title=Accelerating Acceptance 2017|publisher=GLAAD|access-date=December 27, 2019|archive-date=January 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106041601/https://www.glaad.org/files/aa/2017_GLAAD_Accelerating_Acceptance.pdf|url-status=live}} Trigender people shift among male, female, and third gender.{{Cite book |last1=Bosson |first1=Jennifer K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XStGDwAAQBAJ&q=Trigender&pg=PT54 |title=The Psychology of Sex and Gender |last2=Vandello |first2=Joseph A. |last3=Buckner |first3=Camille E. |date=January 17, 2018 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-5063-3134-8 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803194904/https://books.google.com/books?id=XStGDwAAQBAJ&q=Trigender&pg=PT54 |url-status=live}}

Individuals identifying as demigender feel a partial connection to one gender while also identifying with another gender or none at all (agender).{{Cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Sarah |title=Gender Diversity and Non-Binary Inclusion in the Workplace: The Essential Guide for Employers |last2=Fernandez |first2=J. |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |location=London |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-78450-523-3 |pages=25}}{{Cite book |last1=Brill |first1=Stephanie |title=The Transgender Teen |last2=Kenney |first2=Lisa |publisher=Cleis Press |location=Berkeley, California |year=2016 |isbn=978-1627781749 |page=311}} Subcategories include demi-boy or demi-man, who partially identify as male, and demi-girl, who are partly female and partly non-binary. Demiflux people experience a stable non-binary identity with varying intensities of other gender identities.

{{visanc|Pangender|Polygender|Omnigender}} individuals identify with multiple or all genders, sometimes experiencing all these identities simultaneously.{{Cite book |last1=Ginicola |first1=Misty M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8bDgAAQBAJ&q=polygender&pg=PA366|title=Affirmative Counseling with LGBTQI+ People |last2=Smith |first2=Cheri |last3=Filmore |first3=Joel M. |date=February 10, 2017 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-37549-4 |pages=366 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803194905/https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8bDgAAQBAJ&q=polygender&pg=PA366 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=Queer Undefined |url=https://www.queerundefined.com/search/pangender |access-date=October 10, 2020 |website=Queer Undefined |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121135730/https://www.queerundefined.com/search/pangender |url-status=live}}

{{main|Gender fluidity}}

Genderfluid individuals do not adhere to a fixed gender identity; their genders change depending on time, place and situation, combining elements from one or more genders at different times.{{cite book |last1=Cronn-Mills |first1=Kirstin |title=Transgender Lives: Complex Stories, Complex Voices |date=2015 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-7613-9022-0 |page=24}}{{cite news|last1=McGuire|first1=Peter|title=Beyond the binary: what does it mean to be genderfluid?|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/beyond-the-binary-what-does-it-mean-to-be-genderfluid-1.2418434|access-date=December 1, 2015|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=November 9, 2015|archive-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122121336/http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/beyond-the-binary-what-does-it-mean-to-be-genderfluid-1.2418434|url-status=live}} This identity can overlap with bigender, trigender, polygender or pangender expressions.{{cite book |last1=Bosson |first1=Jennifer K. |last2=Vandello |first2=Joseph A. |last3=Buckner |first3=Camille E. |title=The Psychology of Sex and Gender |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XStGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54 |access-date=August 4, 2019 |year= 2018 |publisher=Sage Publications |location=Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-1-5063-3134-8 |page=54 |oclc=1038755742 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528040645/https://books.google.com/books?id=XStGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}{{cite journal |last1=Whyte |first1=Stephen |last2=Brooks |first2=Robert C. |last3=Torgler |first3=Benno |title=Man, Woman, "Other": Factors Associated with Nonbinary Gender Identification |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|location=Heidelberg, Germany|date=September 25, 2018 |volume=47 |issue=8 |pages=2397–2406 |doi=10.1007/s10508-018-1307-3 |pmid=30255409 |s2cid=52823167 |quote=2 out of 7479 (0.03 percent) of respondents to the Australian Sex Survey, a 2016 online research survey, self-identified as trigender.}}

{{See also|Gender expression|Gender variance}}

Transfeminine refers to individuals assigned male at birth who predominantly identify or express themselves as feminine. Transmasculine refers to those assigned female at birth who predominantly identify or express themselves as masculine. These terms encompass both binary and non-binary identities.{{cite book |first=Ash |last=Hardell|author-link=Ash Hardell |title=The ABC's of LGBT+ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_rMzgEACAAJ |date=2016 |publisher=Mango Media Inc. |location=Coral Gables, Florida |isbn=9781633534094 |pages=96 |access-date=2024-04-15 |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415151942/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/_/Q_rMzgEACAAJ?hl=en |oclc=962263268 |url-status=live}}

Originating from a 1990 Indigenous LGBTQ gathering in Winnipeg, the term two-spirit refers to individuals within Indigenous North American communities who embody qualities or fulfill roles across traditional gender distinctions.{{cite book |last1=de Vries |first1=Kylan Mattias |title=Encyclopedia of gender and society |date=2009 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=9781412909167 |editor1-last=O'Brien |editor1-first=Jodi |location=Los Angeles |page=64 |chapter=Berdache (Two-Spirit) |access-date=March 6, 2015 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nyHS4WyUKEC |archive-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501010210/http://books.google.com/books?id=_nyHS4WyUKEC |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}

Xenogender encompasses a variety of gender identities that are defined using non-traditional concepts often drawn from natural, inanimate, or abstract sources, representing a departure from the typical human gender binary.{{Cite book |last1=Beattie |first1=Michael |author2=Penny Lenihan |author3=Robin Dundas |author4=Christiane Sanderson |date=2018 |title=Counselling skills for working with gender diversity and identity |location=London |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78450-481-6 |oclc=1028945173}}{{Cite journal |last=Morin |first=Florentin Félix |date=April 3, 2017 |title=EGO HIPPO: the subject as metaphor |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |journal=Angelaki |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |s2cid=149400086 |issn=0969-725X |access-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304131420/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969725X.2017.1322822 |url-status=live}} People who identify with a xenogender may not have the words to describe their gender, so instead they compare it to something else.{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=LGBTQ |date=2022-03-02 |title=What you need to know about xenogender |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/03/need-know-xenogender/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=LGBTQ Nation |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801004706/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/03/need-know-xenogender/ |url-status=live }}

This includes identities such as maverique, aporagender, ambigender, intergender, and genderflux, each presenting unique perspectives and experiences outside conventional gender norms.

{{Further|Third gender#History|Transgender history}}

File:Shea Coulee Baking with Bambi May 2021.png, who identifies as gay and non-binary and uses "they/them" pronouns offstage{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2014 |title=THE Q LIST Shea Coulee's drag revolution will be televised – Windy City Times News |url=https://www.windycitytimes.com/lgbt/THE-Q-LIST-Shea-Coulees-drag-revolution-will-be-televised/45856.html |access-date=January 11, 2023 |website=Windy City Times |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042941/https://www.windycitytimes.com/lgbt/THE-Q-LIST-Shea-Coulees-drag-revolution-will-be-televised/45856.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Shea Couleé Opens Up About Embracing Their Non-Binary Identity |url=https://www.them.us/story/shea-coulee-interview |access-date=January 11, 2023 |website=Them |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213100104/https://www.them.us/story/shea-coulee-interview |url-status=live }}]]

File:JudithButler2013.jpg, an American philosopher, who published Gender Trouble in 1990 and publicly came out as non-binary in 2019, is a contemporary figure in the non-binary movement.{{Cite web |last=McManus |first=Matthew |date=July 21, 2020 |title=Matt McManus Interviews Judith Butler |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A1uuD0nm1k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811092403/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A1uuD0nm1k |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |website=YouTube |publisher=Zero Books |at=37:01}}]]

Non-binary gender, often included within the concept of third gender, has historical roots that extend well before the modern term was established.{{Cite journal |last1=Towle |first1=Evan B |last2=Morgan |first2=Lynn Marie |date=2002 |title=Romancing the Transgender Native: Rethinking the Use of the "Third Gender" Concept |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/article/12222 |journal=GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=469–497 |doi=10.1215/10642684-8-4-469 |s2cid=143201735 |issn=1527-9375}} For instance, the Public Universal Friend, who emerged in 1776, was a genderless evangelist who renounced their birth name and gendered pronouns, representing an early instance of non-binary gender expression in America.{{cite book |last=Wisbey |first=Herbert A. Jr. |orig-year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nu_Kk0mwm00C |title=Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8014-7551-1 |pages=7–14 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607163811/https://books.google.com/books?id=nu_Kk0mwm00C |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}{{cite book |last=Moyer |first=Paul B. |title=The Public Universal Friend: Jemima Wilkinson and Religious Enthusiasm in Revolutionary America |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-8014-5413-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/publicuniversalf00moye |pages=12, 18, 100}}Samantha Schmidt, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/01/05/long-before-theythem-pronouns-genderless-prophet-drew-hundreds-followers/ A genderless prophet drew hundreds of followers long before the age of nonbinary pronouns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231181417/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/01/05/long-before-theythem-pronouns-genderless-prophet-drew-hundreds-followers |date=December 31, 2021 }}, January 5, 2020, The Washington Post

In 1781, Jens Andersson from Norway, assigned female at birth but identifying as male, faced imprisonment and a trial after marrying a woman. When questioned, Andersson stated, "Hand troer at kunde henhøre til begge Deele" ('He believes he belongs to both parts'), indicating a recognition of his dual gender identity.{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2014 |title=Et besynderligt givtermaal mellem tvende fruentimmer |trans-title=A strange marriage between two women |url=https://skeivtarkiv.no/skeivopedia/et-besynderligt-givtermaal-mellem-tvende-fruentimmer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727113614/https://skeivtarkiv.no/skeivopedia/et-besynderligt-givtermaal-mellem-tvende-fruentimmer |archive-date=July 27, 2021 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=Skeivt arkiv |language=no}}

Judith Butler's Gender Trouble, published in 1990, challenged the fixed male/female binary and advocated for a broader understanding of gender as a spectrum, a view Butler has expanded upon since coming out as non-binary in 2019.{{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Judith |title="Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity" |publisher=Routledge |year=1990 |isbn=0415900433 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=149}}{{Cite web |last=Interviews by Kian |date=December 27, 2019 |title=Judith Butler on her Philosophy and Current Events |url=https://interviewsbykian.wordpress.com/2019/12/27/judith-butler-on-her-philosophy-and-current-events |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726182552/https://interviewsbykian.wordpress.com/2019/12/27/judith-butler-on-her-philosophy-and-current-events |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |website=Interviews by Kian}}{{cite news |first=Kathryn |last=Fischer |author-link= |date=July 13, 2020 |trans-title=The Pronoun is free from the Body – but it is not free from Gender |title=Das Pronomen ist frei vom Körper – aber es ist nicht frei vom Geschlecht |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/queerspiegel/gender-und-grammatik-das-pronomen-ist-frei-vom-koerper-aber-es-ist-nicht-frei-vom-geschlecht/25826376.html |access-date=December 24, 2021 |work=Der Tagesspiegel |language=de |quote=Welches Pronomen bevorzuge ich? Butler lacht{{nbsp}}... 'Es ist they', sagt Butler{{nbsp}}... Wir haben das Jahr 2020 und Butler outet sich als 'they' – ein wahrhaft historischer Moment. |trans-quote=Which pronoun do I prefer? Butler laughs{{nbsp}}... 'It is they', Butler says{{nbsp}}... It is the year 2020, and Butler outs theirself as 'they' – a truly historic moment. |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327084943/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/queerspiegel/gender-und-grammatik-das-pronomen-ist-frei-vom-koerper-aber-es-ist-nicht-frei-vom-geschlecht/25826376.html |url-status=live }}

The term "genderqueer" surfaced in the mid-1990s, notably used by activist Riki Wilchins in the newsletter In Your Face in 1995, and later in their 1997 autobiography. Wilchins contributed significantly to the discourse, particularly with the 2002 anthology GenderQueer: Voices from beyond the Sexual Binary.{{Cite book |editor1-first=Joan |editor1-last=Nestle |editor2-first=Clare |editor2-last=Howell |editor3-first=Riki Anne |editor3-last=Wilchins |date=2002 |title=GenderQueer: voices from beyond the sexual binary |edition=First |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Alyson Books |isbn=1-55583-730-1 |oclc=50389309}}{{Cite web |last=Wilchins |first=Riki Anne |date=Spring 1995 |title=In Your Face No. 1 (Spring 1995) |url=https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/downloads/1831ck00f |website=Digital Transgender Archive |access-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-date=February 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217105236/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/downloads/1831ck00f |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Genderqueer History |url=https://genderqueerid.com/gqhistory |access-date=November 22, 2022 |website=Tumblr |archive-date=September 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913114840/https://genderqueerid.com/gqhistory |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Wilchins |first=Riki |year=2017 |title=Burn the Binary! Selected Writings on the Politics of Trans, Genderqueer and Nonbinary |location=Riverdale, NY |publisher=Riverdale Avenue Books |isbn=978-1626014077}}

Jim Sinclair, an autism-rights activist and a founder of Autism Network International, publicly embraced a gender-neutral identity in 1997, declaring a physical and social neuter status in an introduction to the Intersex Society of North America.{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2009 |title=Brief Biography |url=http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/brief_bio.htm |access-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207013228/http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/brief_bio.htm |archive-date=February 7, 2009}}

In Japan, the expression "X-gender" ({{Transliteration|ja|x-jendā}}) has been recognized since the late 1990s, describing a non-binary identity, with notable individuals such as manga artists Yūki Kamatani and Yuu Watase identifying as such.{{Cite web |title=Intersections: An Introduction to X-Jendā: Examining a new gender identity in Japan |url=http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm |access-date=November 21, 2022 |website=intersections.anu.edu.au |archive-date=May 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507214727/http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm |url-status=dead }}{{Cite tweet |first=Yuu |last=Watase |author-link=Yuu Watase |user=wataseyuu_ |number=1130461270358908928 |script-title=ja:ブログでもここでも呟いたけど、再度。漫画にも影響してると思うから。私はXジェンダーと医師に診断されてて、中身は、男にも女にも寄れるし男でも女でもない。見た目はちゃんと(20代後半から社会に合わせて)どうせやるならやるでメイクもオシャレもする、それだけ。女性の身体は否定しないが→ |title=Burogu demo koko demo tsubuyaitakedo, saido. Manga ni mo eikyō shi teru to omoukara. Watashi wa X jendā to ishi ni shindan sa re tete, nakami wa, otoko ni mo on'na ni mo yorerushi otoko demo on'na demonai. Mitame wa chanto (20-dai kōhan kara shakai ni awa sete) dōse yarunara yarude meiku mo oshare mo suru, sore dake. Josei no karada wa hitei shinaiga ￫ |trans-title=I muttered it on my blog and here, but again. I think it affects comics too. I've been diagnosed as X-gender by a doctor, and I'm neither male nor female. If you want to look good (in your late 20s and in line with society), do it anyway, make up and be fashionable, that's all. I don't deny the female body, but |language=ja |access-date=November 21, 2022}}

In 2012, the Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project began advocating for more inclusive gender options on official documents, a milestone realized when Elisa Rae Shupe became the first person in the U.S. to obtain official documents with a non-binary gender marker.{{Cite web |url=https://www.intersexrecognition.org/about |title=About Us – Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project (IGRP) |website=igrp |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404231432/https://www.intersexrecognition.org/about |url-status=live}}{{Cite web|first=Mary Emily|last=O'Hara|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/movement-third-gender-option-exploding-u-s-n696446|title=Movement for third gender option 'exploding' in U.S.|website=NBC News|date=December 16, 2016|access-date=December 9, 2019|archive-date=October 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018055948/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/movement-third-gender-option-exploding-u-s-n696446|url-status=live}}

Alberta legislator Estefan Cortes-Vargas openly identified as non-binary during a 2015 legislative session, marking a significant moment in political recognition of non-binary identities.[//www.macleans.ca/news/canada/for-the-record-an-alberta-mla-on-battling-gender-identity/ "An Alberta MLA on battling gender identity"]. Maclean's, December 1, 2015

on January 20, 2025, immediately after being sworn in for his second term, President Donald Trump signed an executive order titled "Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government". This order established that the U.S. federal government would recognize only two sexes—male and female—defined strictly by biological characteristics assigned at birth. It explicitly rejected the concept of gender identity as a basis for legal recognition for non-binary people.

{{Main|Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns|Gender-neutral language}}

File:Gender recognition pins cropped.jpg

Many non-binary people use gender-neutral pronouns with the singular "they", "their" and "them" being used most commonly in English. Some non-binary individuals opt for neopronouns such as {{wt|en|xe|i=-}}, {{wt|en|ze|i=-}}, {{wt|en|sie|i=-}}, {{wt|en|co|i=-}}, and ey.{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Beyond 'he' and 'she': 1 in 4 LGBTQ youths use nonbinary pronouns, survey finds |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/beyond-he-she-1-4-lgbtq-youths-use-nonbinary-pronouns-n1235204 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=August 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817214710/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/beyond-he-she-1-4-lgbtq-youths-use-nonbinary-pronouns-n1235204 |url-status=live }}{{cite thesis |last=Hekanaho |first=Laura |date=December 8, 2020 |title=Generic and Nonbinary Pronouns: Usage, Acceptability and Attitudes |type=PhD |publisher=University of Helsinki |isbn=978-9515168313 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/321581/hekanaho_laura_dissertation_2020.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=March 7, 2021 |page=221 |archive-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307171934/https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/321581/hekanaho_laura_dissertation_2020.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Gender Census 2021: Worldwide Report |url=https://gendercensus.com/results/2021-worldwide/#pronouns |website=Gender Census |access-date=April 16, 2021 |date=April 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417031047/https://gendercensus.com/results/2021-worldwide/#pronouns |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last=Marcus |first=Ezra |date=April 8, 2021 |title=A Guide to Neopronouns |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/style/neopronouns-nonbinary-explainer.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/style/neopronouns-nonbinary-explainer.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=limited |access-date=April 30, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}} Others may use traditional gender-specific pronouns such as "he" or "she", switch between them, or prefer to use their name without pronouns.{{cite book |last=Feinberg |first=Leslie |author-link=Leslie Feinberg |title=Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman |url=https://archive.org/details/transgenderwarri0000fein |url-access=registration |publisher=Beacon Press |location=Boston, Massachusetts |date=1996 |isbn=978-0-8070-7940-9 |oclc=33014093}} The title Mx. is also increasingly used as a gender-neutral honorific.{{Cite news |date=May 3, 2015 |title=A gender neutral honorific, 'Mx', could be added to the Oxford English Dictionary very soon |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html |access-date=November 10, 2022 |work=The Independent |archive-date=November 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129153855/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |first=Ruth |last=Pearce |url=http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/non-gendered-titles-see-increased-recognition |title=Non-gendered titles see increased recognition |date=July 21, 2011 |work=Lesbilicious |access-date=August 29, 2012 |archive-date=September 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918104612/http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/non-gendered-titles-see-increased-recognition |url-status=dead}}

A significant 2015 study by the National Center for Transgender Equality surveyed nearly 28,000 transgender people in the United States, finding that 35% identified as non-binary or genderqueer. Among them, 84% used pronouns different from those associated with the gender on their birth certificates. The breakdown of preferred pronouns was 37% for "he/him", 37% for "she/her", and 29% for "they/them". Additionally, 20% did not request specific pronouns be used for them, and 4% used pronouns not listed in the survey.{{Cite book |last1=James |first1=S.E. |last2=Herman |first2=J.L. |last3=Rankin |first3=S. |last4=Keisling |first4=M. |last5=Mottet |first5=L. |last6=Anafi |first6=M. |title=The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey |publisher=National Center for Transgender Equality |url=https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdf |access-date=November 25, 2022 |archive-date=November 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125120058/https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdf |url-status=live }}File:Marche des Fiertés Paris 02 07 2016 06.jpgIn a 2023 Gender Census survey, 40,375 participants provided insights into how they describe their gender identity and their preferred references. The key identity labels reported were nonbinary, used by 63.1% of respondents (down 0.8% from the previous year), queer (54.8%, up 0.2%), trans (46.7%, up 8.5%), a category described simply as a person/human/[my name]/"I'm just me" (42.5%, newly included this year), and transgender (40.3%, up 6.4%).{{cite web |last1=Kermode |first1=Jennie |title=International survey explores changing words for gender |date=June 13, 2023 |url=https://bylines.scot/business/international-survey-explores-changing-words-for-gender/ |publisher=Bylines Scotlant |access-date=July 4, 2024 |archive-date=June 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613050911/https://bylines.scot/business/international-survey-explores-changing-words-for-gender/ |url-status=live }} The survey also explored title preferences, with 40.1% preferring no title at all (up 1.5%), followed by Mx (18.7%, down 1.4%), Mr (11.5%, up 2.1%), non-gendered professional/academic titles (9.4%, up 1.0%), and Ms (5.5%, up 1.1%). Pronoun usage varied, with "they/them" being the most popular at 74.5% (down 1.2%), "he/him" at 42.5% (up 2.1%), "she/her" at 32.7% (no change), "it/its" at 19.4% (up 3.2%), and a preference for avoiding pronouns or using names as pronouns at 13.2% (up 2.1%). This data offers a comprehensive view of the diverse and evolving ways individuals within the non-binary community identify and prefer to be referred to.{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2023: Worldwide Report – Gender Census |url=https://www.gendercensus.com/results/2023-worldwide |access-date=2023-10-11 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920042045/https://www.gendercensus.com/results/2023-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}

{{main|Legal recognition of non-binary gender}}

File:Third-gender-recognition-equaldex-2024-map.svg

Many non-binary/genderqueer people use the gender they were given at birth to conduct everyday business, as many institutions and forms of identification—such as passports and driver's licenses—only accept, in the sense of recorded recognition, binary gender identities. But with the increasing acceptance of non-binary gender identities and the rise in wider societal recognition, this is slowly changing, as more governments and institutions recognize and allow non-binary identities.{{Cite journal |last1=Richards |first1=Christina |last2=Bouman |first2=Walter Pierre |last3=Seal |first3=Leighton |last4=Barker |first4=Meg John |last5=Nieder |first5=Timo O. |last6=T'Sjoen |first6=Guy |date=2016 |title=Non-binary or genderqueer genders |journal=International Review of Psychiatry |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=95–102 |pmid=26753630 |doi=10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446 |s2cid=29985722 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7279758 |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626224658/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7279758|url-status=live|hdl=1854/LU-7279758 |hdl-access=free}}

Multiple countries legally recognize non-binary or third gender classifications. Some non-Western societies have long recognized transgender people as a third gender, although this may not (or may only recently){{cite news |title=Pakistani eunuchs to have distinct gender |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8428819.stm |date=December 23, 2009 |work=BBC News |access-date=December 23, 2009 |archive-date=May 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518094705/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8428819.stm |url-status=live}} include formal legal recognition. In Western societies, Australia may have been the first country to legally recognize a classification of sex outside of "male" and "female" on legal documentation, with the recognition of Alex MacFarlane's intersex status in 2003.{{cite journal |url=http://www.asanet.org/sectionsex/documents/SUMMER03sexnews.pdf |title=Newsletter of the Sociology of Sexualities Section of the American Sociological Association |journal=American Sociological Association Sexualities News |volume=6 |issue=1 |date=Summer 2003 |access-date=December 9, 2013 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054219/http://www.asanet.org/sectionsex/documents/SUMMER03sexnews.pdf |url-status=live}} The wider legal recognition of non-binary people—following the recognition of intersex people in 2003—in Australian law followed between 2010 and 2014, with legal action taken against the New South Wales Government Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages by transgender activist Norrie May-Welby to recognize Norrie's legal gender identity as "non-specific". India's Supreme Court formally recognized transgender and non-binary people as a distinct third gender in 2014, following legal action taken by transgender activist Laxmi Narayan Tripathi.{{Cite news |title=In India, Landmark Ruling Recognizes Transgender Citizens |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/04/15/303408581/in-india-landmark-ruling-recognizes-transgender-citizens |access-date=April 30, 2021 |newspaper=NPR |date=April 15, 2014 |last1=McCarthy |first1=Julie |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430203253/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/04/15/303408581/in-india-landmark-ruling-recognizes-transgender-citizens |url-status=live}} In July 2021, Argentina incorporated non-binary gender in its national ID card, becoming the first country in South America to legally recognize non-binary gender on all official documentation; non-binary people in the country will have the option to renew their ID with the letter "X" under gender.{{Cite web |title=Alberto Fernández pone en marcha el DNI para personas no binarias en un paso más por la igualdad de género |trans-title=Alberto Fernández launches the DNI for non-binary people in one more step for gender equality |url=https://www.clarin.com/politica/gobierno-pone-marcha-dni-personas-binarias-paso-igualdad-genero_0_wHMaz8YnA.html |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=www.clarin.com |date=July 21, 2021 |language=es |archive-date=July 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727011740/https://www.clarin.com/politica/gobierno-pone-marcha-dni-personas-binarias-paso-igualdad-genero_0_wHMaz8YnA.html |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/22/argentina-nonbinary-id |title=Argentina rolls out gender-neutral ID |last=Westfall |first=Sammy |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 22, 2021 |access-date=July 27, 2021 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003012209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/22/argentina-nonbinary-id |url-status=live}}

While the United States does not federally recognize a non-binary gender, in 2016 Oregon became the first state to recognize a non-binary gender identity.{{Cite web |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/01/they-them-and-theirs |title=They, Them, and Theirs |website=harvardlawreview.org |date=January 10, 2019 |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205005233/https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/01/they-them-and-theirs |url-status=live}} In 2017, California passed an act allowing citizens to identify as "non-binary" on official documents. {{As of|2019}}, eight states have passed acts that allow "non-binary" or "X" designations on certain identifying documents. One of the main arguments against the inclusion of a third gender identifier in the U.S. is that it would make law enforcement and surveillance harder, but countries that have officially recognized a third gender marker have not reported these issues. In the U.S. there are no explicit laws to protect non-binary people from discrimination, but under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it is illegal for an employer to require employees to conform to gender stereotypes,{{Cite book |last1=Cecka |first1=Dale Margolin |author2-link=Martha Chamallas |last2=Chamallas |first2=Martha |date=2016 |chapter=Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989) |title=Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Opinions of the United States Supreme Court |pages=341–360 |doi=10.1017/cbo9781316411254.020 |isbn=978-1-107-12662-6 |quote=See Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228, 250 (1989 (holding that an employer who punishes employees who fail to conform to stereotypical expectations of members of his or her sex discriminates on the basis of sex).}} or to fire them merely for being transgender.{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 15, 2020 |title=Civil Rights Law Protects Gay and Transgender Workers, Supreme Court Rules |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/gay-transgender-workers-supreme-court.html |access-date=March 7, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617162445/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/gay-transgender-workers-supreme-court.html |url-status=live}}

{{Main|Discrimination against non-binary people}}

Various countries throughout history have criminalized transgender and non-binary gender identities.{{Cite web |last=Wareham |first=Jamie |title=New Report Shows Where It's Illegal To Be Transgender In 2020 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiewareham/2020/09/30/this-is-where-its-illegal-to-be-transgender-in-2020 |access-date=April 30, 2021 |website=Forbes |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430203254/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiewareham/2020/09/30/this-is-where-its-illegal-to-be-transgender-in-2020 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |date=September 28, 2017 |title=Trans Legal Mapping Report |url=https://ilga.org/trans-legal-mapping-report |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=ILGA |archive-date=November 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127223133/https://ilga.org/trans-legal-mapping-report |url-status=live }}

In the U.S., 13% of respondents to the 2008 National Transgender Discrimination Survey chose "a gender not listed here".{{Efn|Q3 asked "What is your primary gender identity today?". Possible answers were male, female, "part time as one gender, part time as another", and "a gender not listed here, please specify".}} The "not listed here" respondents were 9 percentage points more probably to report forgoing healthcare due to fear of discrimination than the general sample (36% compared to 27%). 90 percent reported experiencing anti-trans bias at work, and 43 percent reported having attempted suicide.{{cite web |url=http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/release_materials/agendernotlistedhere.pdf |title=A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey |last1=Harrison |first1=Jack |last2=Grant |first2=Jaime |last3=Herman |first3=Jody L. |access-date=April 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725182217/http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/release_materials/agendernotlistedhere.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2012 |url-status=dead }}

The reported discrimination non-binary people face includes disregard, disbelief, condescending interactions, and disrespect. Non-binary people are also often viewed as partaking in a trend and thus deemed insincere or attention-seeking. As an accumulation, erasure is often a significant form of discrimination non-binary people face.

Misgendering, intentional or not, is also a problem that many face. In the case of intentional misgendering, transphobia is a driving force. Additionally, the use of they/them pronouns is lumped into{{Clarify|date=July 2023}} the larger, controversial, subject of safe spaces and political correctness,{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFJDDwAAQBAJ&q=Cf.+S.+Bear+Bergman+&pg=PR5 |title=Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders |last1=Richards |first1=Christina |last2=Bouman |first2=Walter Pierre |last3=Barker |first3=Meg-John |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-51053-2 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302223320/https://books.google.com/books?id=qFJDDwAAQBAJ&q=Cf.+S.+Bear+Bergman+&pg=PR5 |url-status=live}} causing pushback and intentional misgendering by some people.{{Cite web |title=Misgendering |url=https://www.californialawreview.org/print/misgendering |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=California Law Review |archive-date=December 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222162826/https://californialawreview.org/print/misgendering |url-status=dead }}

Non-binary and transgender identifying people also face discrimination in sports participation. Non-binary identifying athletes have an immediate barrier as most sports competitions are divided into men's and women's categories.{{cite journal |last1=Erikainen |first1=Sonja |last2=Vincent |first2=Ben |last3=Hopkins |first3=Al |date=October 9, 2020 |title=Specific Detriment: Barriers and Opportunities for Non-Binary Inclusive Sports in Scotland |journal=Journal of Sport & Social Issues |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=75–102 |doi=10.1177/0193723520962937 |s2cid=225167557 |doi-access=free|hdl=2164/18985 |hdl-access=free }}

Nonbinary people may report significantly worse health and general wellbeing than binary transgender people, although current research demonstrates conflicting perspectives on this topic.{{Cite journal |last1=Price-Feeney |first1=Myeshia |last2=Green |first2=Amy E. |last3=Dorison |first3=Samuel |date=June 2020 |title=Understanding the Mental Health of Transgender and Nonbinary Youth |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=684–690 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.314 |pmid=31992489 |s2cid=210947113 |issn=1054-139X|doi-access=free }} These health disparities may be exacerbated by minority stress by breaking gender and social norms.{{Cite journal |last1=Burgwal |first1=Aisa |last2=Gvianishvili |first2=Natia |last3=Hård |first3=Vierge |last4=Kata |first4=Julia |last5=García Nieto |first5=Isidro |last6=Orre |first6=Cal |last7=Smiley |first7=Adam |last8=Vidić |first8=Jelena |last9=Motmans |first9=Joz |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Health disparities between binary and non binary trans people: A community-driven survey |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=218–229 |doi=10.1080/15532739.2019.1629370 |issn=1553-2739 |pmc=6831016 |pmid=32999608}}{{Cite journal |last1=Harrison |first1=Jack |last2=Grant |first2=Jaime |last3=Herman |first3=Jody L. |date=April 1, 2012 |title=A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213 |journal=LGBTQ Public Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=13 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-date=April 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421175117/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213 |url-status=live }}

Healthcare professionals are often uninformed about nonbinary people's specific health needs, sometimes requiring nonbinary patients to educate them.{{Cite journal |last1=Kcomt |first1=Luisa |last2=Gorey |first2=Kevin M. |last3=Barrett |first3=Betty Jo |last4=McCabe |first4=Sean Esteban |date=August 1, 2020 |title=Healthcare avoidance due to anticipated discrimination among transgender people: A call to create trans-affirmative environments |journal=SSM – Population Health |volume=11 |pages=100608 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100608 |issn=2352-8273 |pmc=7276492 |pmid=32529022}} Some providers may believe that nonbinary people do not require transition-related treatment,{{Cite book |last=Vincent |first=Ben |title=Non-Binary Genders: Navigating Communities, Identities, and Healthcare |publisher=Policy Press |year=2020 |doi=10.56687/9781447351931|isbn=9781447351931 }} while others may not understand the difference between their identity and the identities of binary transgender patients.{{Cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Jessica |last2=Zalewska |first2=Agnieszka |last3=Gates |first3=Jennifer Joan |last4=Millon |first4=Guy |date=July 3, 2019 |title=An exploration of the lived experiences of non-binary individuals who have presented at a gender identity clinic in the United Kingdom |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=195–204 |doi=10.1080/15532739.2018.1445056 |issn=1553-2739 |pmc=6831017 |pmid=32999606}} Nonbinary patients report lower rates of respect from healthcare providers than binary transgender people.{{Cite journal |last1=Kattari |first1=Shanna K. |last2=Bakko |first2=Matthew |last3=Hecht |first3=Hillary K. |last4=Kattari |first4=Leonardo |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Correlations between healthcare provider interactions and mental health among transgender and nonbinary adults |journal=SSM – Population Health |volume=10 |pages=100525 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100525 |issn=2352-8273 |pmc=6909214 |pmid=31872041}}

Some nonbinary people desire gender-affirming health care, including hormone replacement therapy or surgery.{{Cite journal |last1=Beek |first1=Titia F. |last2=Kreukels |first2=Baudewijntje P.C. |last3=Cohen-Kettenis |first3=Peggy T. |last4=Steensma |first4=Thomas D. |date=November 1, 2015 |title=Partial Treatment Requests and Underlying Motives of Applicants for Gender Affirming Interventions |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.13033 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=2201–2205 |doi=10.1111/jsm.13033 |pmid=26553507 |issn=1743-6109 |access-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-date=October 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001010219/https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/12/11/2201/6980102?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live }} Others do not,{{Cite journal |last1=Burgwal |first1=Aisa |last2=Motmans |first2=Joz |date=November 2021 |title=Trans and gender diverse people's experiences and evaluations with general and trans-specific healthcare services: a cross-sectional survey |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00432-9 |journal=International Journal of Impotence Research |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=679–686 |doi=10.1038/s41443-021-00432-9 |pmid=33854204 |s2cid=233225133 |issn=1476-5489 |hdl=1854/LU-8704468 |hdl-access=free |access-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624054919/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00432-9 |url-status=live }} and the ratio of those who desire care to those who do not is unclear. The factors that lead to this decision are complex and unique to each person.{{Cite journal |last=Vincent |first=Ben |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Breaking down barriers and binaries in trans healthcare: the validation of non-binary people |journal=International Journal of Transgenderism |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=132–137 |doi=10.1080/15532739.2018.1534075 |issn=1553-2739 |pmc=6831034 |pmid=32999601}}

Nonbinary patients seeking gender-affirming care typically begin treatment earlier than binary transgender patients.{{Cite journal |last1=Kattari |first1=Shanna K. |last2=Atteberry-Ash |first2=Brittanie |last3=Kinney |first3=M. Killian |last4=Walls |first4=N. Eugene |last5=Kattari |first5=Leonardo |date=October 21, 2019 |title=One size does not fit all: differential transgender health experiences |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |journal=Social Work in Health Care |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=899–917 |doi=10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |pmid=31618117 |s2cid=204757090 |issn=0098-1389 |access-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-date=June 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625040500/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00981389.2019.1677279 |url-status=live }}

Nonbinary people are likely to face more mental stress than binary transgender people.{{Cite journal |last1=Perez-Brumer |first1=Amaya |last2=Day |first2=Jack K. |last3=Russell |first3=Stephen T. |last4=Hatzenbuehler |first4=Mark L. |date=September 2017 |title=Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Youth in California: Findings From a Representative, Population-Based Sample of High School Students |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=739–746 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.010 |pmc=5695881 |pmid=28838578}} This can be for many reasons including worse mental health and being discouraged from using the bathroom of their choice. According to the Trevor Project, 54% of non-binary and transgender youth have considered suicide and 58% have been discouraged from using the bathroom corresponding to their gender identity.{{Cite web |last=Paley |first=Amit |date=2019 |title=The National Survey on LGBTQ Mental Health |url=https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The-Trevor-Project-National-Survey-Results-2019.pdf |website=The Trevor Project |access-date=August 22, 2024 |archive-date=August 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828162116/https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The-Trevor-Project-National-Survey-Results-2019.pdf |url-status=live }}

{{Main|LGBTQ symbols}}

File:Anjali gopalan.jpg and Gopi Shankar Madurai inaugurating Asia's first Genderqueer Pride Parade at Madurai with a rainbow and genderqueer flag{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/One-Who-Fights-For-an-Other/2015/04/13/article2756559.ece |title=One Who Fights For an Other |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=May 11, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924062152/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/One-Who-Fights-For-an-Other/2015/04/13/article2756559.ece |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.merinews.com/article/worldwide-gay-rights-as-a-social-movement-picks-up/15914647.shtml |publisher=merinews.com |title=Worldwide gay rights as a social movement picks up |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802091818/http://www.merinews.com/article/worldwide-gay-rights-as-a-social-movement-picks-up/15914647.shtml |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |url-status=dead}}]]

Many flags have been used in non-binary and genderqueer communities to represent various identities. There are distinct non-binary and genderqueer pride flags. The genderqueer pride flag was designed in 2011 by Marilyn Roxie. Lavender represents androgyny or queerness, white represents agender identity, and green represents those whose identities which are defined outside the binary.{{cite web |first=Lynn |last=Deater |url=http://ncccommuter.org/he-she-or-they |title=He, She or They? » The Commuter |website=ncccommuter.org |access-date=December 20, 2016 |date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221090439/http://ncccommuter.org/he-she-or-they |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/Flags%2520and%2520Symbols.pdf |title=Flags and Symbols |publisher=Amherst College |location=Amherst, Massachusetts |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510154054/https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/Flags%2520and%2520Symbols.pdf |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=http://www.davidmariner.com/flags |title=Gender and Sexuality Awareness Flags |date=October 26, 2015 |newspaper=David Mariner |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203153557/http://www.davidmariner.com/flags |url-status=live}} The non-binary pride flag was created in 2014 by Kye Rowan.{{cite web |url=https://letsqueerthingsup.com/2015/03/15/8-things-non-binary-people-need-to-know |title=8 Things Non-Binary People Need to Know |date=March 15, 2015 |website=Let's Queer Things Up! |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222123705/https://letsqueerthingsup.com/2015/03/15/8-things-non-binary-people-need-to-know |url-status=live}} Yellow represents people whose gender exists outside the binary, purple represents those whose gender is a mixture of—or between—male and female, black represents people who have no gender, and white represents those who embrace many or all genders.{{cite web |title=After counting up all the 'votes' for each variation of my nonbinary flag (to be separate from the genderqueer flag), it seems this is the most loved! Yay! |url=http://thejasmineelf.tumblr.com/post/77007286542/after-counting-up-all-the-votes-for-each |website=genderweird |publisher=Tumblr |access-date=June 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624214236/http://thejasmineelf.tumblr.com/post/77007286542/after-counting-up-all-the-votes-for-each |archive-date=June 24, 2018}}

Genderfluid people, who fall under the genderqueer umbrella, also have their own flag. Pink represents femininity, white represents lack of gender, purple represents mixed gender or androgyny, black represents all other genders, and blue represents masculinity.{{Cite news |url=http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2016/09/gender-fluid-added-oxford-english-dictionary |title=Gender-fluid added to the Oxford English Dictionary |newspaper=LGBTQ Nation |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025023342/http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2016/09/gender-fluid-added-oxford-english-dictionary |url-status=live}}

Agender people, who also sometimes identify as genderqueer, have their own flag. This flag uses black and white stripes to represent an absence of gender, and a green stripe to represent non-binary genders.{{cite web |last=Manzella |first=Samantha |url=http://www.newnownext.com/guide-lgbt-flags/07/2017 |title=Beyond The Rainbow: Your Guide To LGBT Flags |publisher=NewNowNext |date=October 7, 2017 |access-date=June 25, 2018 |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625075216/http://www.newnownext.com/guide-lgbt-flags/07/2017 |url-status=live}}

International Non-Binary People's Day is celebrated on July 14.{{cite web |last1=Mathers |first1=Charlie |title=Prepare for International Non-binary Day by learning how to be a better ally |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/non-binary-day-allies |website=Gay Star News |access-date=July 14, 2018 |date=July 13, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714193018/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/non-binary-day-allies |url-status=live}}{{cite web |last1=Hirst |first1=Jordan |title=Inclusive Brisbane Party To Mark International Non-Binary Day |url=https://www.qnews.com.au/inclusive-brisbane-party-to-celebrate-international-non-binary-day |website=QNEWS Magazine |access-date=July 14, 2018 |date=July 10, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164834/https://www.qnews.com.au/inclusive-brisbane-party-to-celebrate-international-non-binary-day |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Important LGBT Dates |url=http://www.lgbtlifewestchester.org/important_lgbt_dates |website=LGBT LifeWestchester |access-date=June 12, 2019 |location=White Plains, NY |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626224659/http://www.lgbtlifewestchester.org/important_lgbt_dates |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=International Non-Binary People's Day |url=http://www.prideinclusionprograms.com.au/event/international-non-binary-peoples-day |website=Pride Inclusion Programs |publisher=acon |access-date=June 12, 2019 |archive-date=August 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803134910/http://www.prideinclusionprograms.com.au/event/international-non-binary-peoples-day |url-status=live}} Other observances with non-binary participation include International Transgender Day of Visibility, observed on March 31,{{Cite web |last=Fowlkes |first=A. C. |title=Transgender Day Of Visibility: Honoring The Visible And The Invisible |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleefowlkes/2019/03/31/transgender-day-of-visibility-honoring-the-visible-and-the-invisible |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=Forbes |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111170621/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleefowlkes/2019/03/31/transgender-day-of-visibility-honoring-the-visible-and-the-invisible/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=March 27, 2014 |title=Opinion {{!}} A time to celebrate |work=The Hamilton Spectator |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion/contributors/2014/03/27/a-time-to-celebrate.html |access-date=November 11, 2022 |issn=1189-9417 |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406133530/https://www.thespec.com/opinion/contributors/2014/03/27/a-time-to-celebrate.html |url-status=live }} and International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia, observed on May 17.{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://may17.org/ |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=May17.org |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305044751/https://may17.org/ |url-status=live }}{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100

|File:Transgender_Pride_flag.svg|Transgender pride flag, in which white represents non-binary people{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/we-have-a-navy-veteran-to-thank-for-the-transgender-pride-flag_us_5978c060e4b0e201d57a711f |title=We Have A Navy Veteran To Thank For The Transgender Pride Flag |first1=Emma |last1=Gray |first2=Alanna |last2=Vagianos |work=Huffington Post |date=July 27, 2017 |access-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901113228/https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/we-have-a-navy-veteran-to-thank-for-the-transgender-pride-flag_us_5978c060e4b0e201d57a711f |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bransonlb/the-veteran-who-created-the-trans-pride-flag-reacts-to |title=The Veteran Who Created The Trans Pride Flag Reacts To Trump's Trans Military Ban |first=Branson |last=LB |work=BuzzFeed |date=July 26, 2017 |access-date=August 31, 2018 |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080527/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bransonlb/the-veteran-who-created-the-trans-pride-flag-reacts-to |url-status=live}}|alt1=Trans pride flag, made up of horizontal stripes of (from top to bottom) light blue, pink, white (which represents nonbinary people), pink and light blue.

|File:Agender pride flag.svg|Agender pride flag|alt2=Agender pride flag, made up of horizontal stripes of, from top to bottom, black, gray, white, green, white, gray, and black.

|File:Bigender Flag.svg|Bigender pride flag|alt3=Bigender pride flag, made up of horizontal stripes of, from top to bottom, pink, light pink, lavender, white, light blue, and blue.

|File:Genderfluidity Pride-Flag.svg|Genderfluid pride flag|alt4=Genderfluid pride flag, made up of horizontal stripes of, from top to bottom, pink, white, purple, black, and blue.

|File:Genderqueer Pride Flag.svg|Genderqueer pride flag|alt5=Genderqueer pride flag, made up of three horizontal stripes, which are, from top to bottom, purple, white, and green.

|File:Nonbinary flag.svg|Non-binary flag|alt6=Non-binary pride flag, made up of four horizontal stripes, which are, from top to bottom, yellow, white, purple, and black.

|File:Trigender flag.svg|Trigender pride flag|alt7=Trigender pride flag, made up of five horizontal stripes; which are, from top to bottom, pink, blue, green, blue, and pink.

|File:Asteroid symbol (fixed width).svg|Non-binary gender symbol|alt8=Upside down female symbol with an x instead of a cross.

|File:Agender symbol.svg|Agender symbol|File:Genderfluid symbol.svg|Genderfluid symbol}}

On July 20, 2021, President Alberto Fernández signed Decreto 476/2021, mandating that the National Registry of Persons (RENAPER) allow a third gender option on all national identity cards and passports, marked as "X". The measure also applies to non-citizen permanent residents who possess Argentine identity cards.{{cite web|url=https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/247092/20210721|work=Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina|title=Decreto 476/2021|date=July 20, 2021|access-date=July 21, 2021|language=es|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721041020/https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/247092/20210721|url-status=live}} The 2022 national census, carried out less than a year after the resolution was implemented, counted 8,293 (roughly 0.12%) of the country's population identifying with the "X / other" gender marker.{{cite book|url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/cnphv2022_resultados_provisionales.pdf|title=Censo nacional de población, hogares y viviendas 2022: resultados provisionales|page=33|isbn=978-950-896-632-2|date=January 2023|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INDEC|access-date=July 12, 2022|language=es|archive-date=January 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131220205/https://www.indec.gob.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/cnphv2022_resultados_provisionales.pdf|url-status=live}}

A 2021 survey published in Scientific Reports concluded that 1.19% of Brazilian adults are non-binary, but the study did not ask whether they self-identified as non-binary. Because the authors considered most Brazilians unfamiliar with North American gender terminology, more open-ended questions about gender were asked.{{Cite journal |last1=Spizzirri |first1=Giancarlo |last2=Eufrásio |first2=Raí |last3=Lima |first3=Maria Cristina Pereira |last4=de Carvalho Nunes |first4=Hélio Rubens |last5=Kreukels |first5=Baudewijntje P. C. |last6=Steensma |first6=Thomas D. |last7=Abdo |first7=Carmita Helena Najjar |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Proportion of people identified as transgender and non-binary gender in Brazil |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=2240 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-81411-4 |pmid=33500432 |pmc=7838397 |issn=2045-2322}}{{Cite news |last1=Sampaio |first1=Jana |last2=Cerqueira |first2=Sofia |last3=de Barros |first3=Duda Monteiro |date=June 26, 2021 |title=Nem ele nem ela: os não binários ganham espaço e voz na sociedade |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/nem-ele-nem-ela-os-nao-binarios-ganham-espaco-e-voz-na-sociedade |access-date=January 28, 2023 |website=VEJA |language=pt |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128034912/https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/nem-ele-nem-ela-os-nao-binarios-ganham-espaco-e-voz-na-sociedade/ |url-status=live }}

In April 2022, Statistics Canada released findings from the 2021 census, making Canada the first country to ask a core question about gender identity, and found that 41,355 Canadians aged 15 and over identified as nonbinary.{{cite news |last=Easton |first=Rob |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/census-data-trans-non-binary-statscan-1.6431928 |title='Historic' census data sheds light on number of trans and non-binary people for first time |work=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=April 28, 2022 |archive-date=April 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427233104/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/census-data-trans-non-binary-statscan-1.6431928 |url-status=live }}

A 2019 survey of the two-spirit and LGBTQ+ population in Hamilton, Ontario, called Mapping the Void: Two-Spirit and LGBTQ+ Experiences in Hamilton showed that 19% of the 906 respondents identified as non-binary.{{cite web |title=Mapping the Void: Two-Spirit and LGBTQ+ Experiences in Hamilton |url=https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/mappingthevoid.pdf |access-date=July 19, 2019 |date=June 11, 2019 |archive-date=July 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703192933/https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/mappingthevoid.pdf |url-status=live}}

A 2017 survey of Canadian LGBT+ people called LGBT+ Realities Survey found that 4% of the 1,897 respondents identified as non-binary transgender and 1% identified as non-binary outside of the transgender umbrella.{{cite web |title=The values, needs and realities of LGBT people in Canada in 2017 |url=https://fondationjasminroy.com/en/initiative/lgbt-realities-survey |access-date=July 27, 2019 |date=2017 |archive-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727230336/https://fondationjasminroy.com/en/initiative/lgbt-realities-survey |url-status=live}}

A 2021 survey found that 0.4% of adults in Switzerland describe themselves as non-binary.{{cite web |title=Only 0.4% of Swiss residents describe themselves as non-binary |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/only-0.4--of-swiss-residents-describe-themselves-as-non-binary/47224644 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |access-date=January 6, 2022 |date=December 29, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106225359/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/only-0.4--of-swiss-residents-describe-themselves-as-non-binary/47224644 |url-status=live}} The survey of 2,690 Swiss residents was weighted to be reflective of the entire population.{{cite web |title=Geschlechtergerechter: Studie #1 Geschlecht und Identität |language=de |trans-title=Gender Equitable: Study #1 Gender and Identity |url=https://dev.geschlechtergerechter.ch/assets/tour/GG-Studie-1-Sperrfrist-28.12.-17-Uhr.pdf |publisher=Sotomo |access-date=January 6, 2022 |date=December 2021 |page=5 |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228162619/https://dev.geschlechtergerechter.ch/assets/tour/GG-Studie-1-Sperrfrist-28.12.-17-Uhr.pdf |url-status=live}}

According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, 0.06% of the population in England and Wales identified as non-binary.{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/genderidentity/bulletins/genderidentityenglandandwales/census2021 |title=Gender identity, England and Wales |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519222019/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/genderidentity/bulletins/genderidentityenglandandwales/census2021 |url-status=live }} The proportion was highest among people aged 16 to 24 years (0.26% or 17,000).{{Cite web |title=Gender identity: age and sex, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/genderidentity/articles/genderidentityageandsexenglandandwalescensus2021/2023-01-25 |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=www.ons.gov.uk |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102211148/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/genderidentity/articles/genderidentityageandsexenglandandwalescensus2021/2023-01-25 |url-status=live }}

According to a 2021 study by the Williams Institute, an estimated 1.2 million American adults aged between 18 and 60 identify as non-binary, making up 11% of the LGBTQ population in that age bracket.{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=Bianca D.M. |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |title=Nonbinary LGBTQ Adults in the United States |url=https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/nonbinary-lgbtq-adults-us |publisher=Williams Institute |access-date=June 25, 2021 |date=June 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624192051/https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/nonbinary-lgbtq-adults-us |url-status=live}}

A 2020 survey by The Trevor Project found that 26% of LGBTQ youth (ages 13–24) in the U.S. identify as non-binary.{{cite news |last1=Ennis |first1=Dawn |title=New Research Reveals Insights Into America's Nonbinary Youth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dawnstaceyennis/2021/07/13/new-research-reveals-insights-into-americas-nonbinary-youth |access-date=January 6, 2022 |work=Forbes |date=July 13, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106234315/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dawnstaceyennis/2021/07/13/new-research-reveals-insights-into-americas-nonbinary-youth |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Diversity of Nonbinary Youth |url=https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research-briefs/diversity-of-nonbinary-youth |website=The Trevor Project |access-date=January 6, 2022 |date=July 13, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106234323/https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research-briefs/diversity-of-nonbinary-youth |url-status=live}}

According to The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, 35% of the nearly 28,000 transgender respondents to the anonymous online survey identified as non-binary.{{Cite news |first=William |last=Cummings |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/21/third-gender-option-non-binary/359260001 |title=When asked their sex, some are going with option 'X' |date=June 21, 2017 |work=USA Today |access-date=January 30, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204221755/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/21/third-gender-option-non-binary/359260001 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey |url=http://www.transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdf |publisher=National Center for Transgender Equality |access-date=May 30, 2019 |page=45 |date=2016 |archive-date=May 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509014637/http://www.transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdf |url-status=live}}

{{Portal|LGBTQ}}

{{Div col}}

• Genderqueer fashion
• Gender neutrality
• Gender-neutral language
• Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender
• Gender neutrality in genderless languages
• Gender neutrality in English
• Gender marking in job titles
• Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns
• Gender transitioning
• Gender variance
• Include Mx
• List of fictional non-binary characters
• List of people with non-binary gender identities
• Postgenderism
• Queer heterosexuality
• Transcending Boundaries Conference

{{Div col end}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• Barker, Meg-John; Scheele, Julia (2016). Queer: A Graphic History. London: Icon Books. {{ISBN|978-1-78578-071-4}}. {{OCLC|939427299}}.
• {{cite book |title=Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity |editor-last=Bernstein Sycamore |editor-first=Mattilda |editor-link=Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore |year=2006 |publisher=Seal Press |location=Emeryville |isbn=978-1-58005-184-2 |oclc=50389309}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Bornstein |editor-first=Kate |editor-link=Kate Bornstein |editor2-last=Bergman |editor2-first=S. Bear |title=Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation |year=2010 |publisher=Seal Press |edition=Reprint |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-1-58005-308-2 |oclc=837948378 |url=https://archive.org/details/genderoutlawsnex00born_0}}
• {{cite book |last=Fine |first=Cordelia |title=Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference |year=2011 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |edition=Reprint |isbn=978-0-393-34024-2 |oclc=449865367 |title-link=Delusions of Gender}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Fineman |first1=Martha Albertson |title=Feminism, masculinities, and multiple identities |journal=Nevada Law Journal |volume=13 |issue=2 |page=16 |url=http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol13/iss2/16 |date=2013 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211160925/http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol13/iss2/16 |url-status=live}}
• {{cite book |last=Hines |first=Melissa |title=Brain Gender |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-518836-3 |oclc=846105995}}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Nestle |editor1-first=Joan |editor1-link=Joan Nestle |editor2-last=Howell |editor2-first=Clare |editor3-last=Wilchins |editor3-first=Riki Anne |editor3-link=Riki Wilchins |title=GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary |year=2002 |publisher=Alyson Books |location=Los Angeles |isbn=978-1-55583-730-3 |oclc=50389309 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555837303}}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Peterson |editor-first=Tim Trace |editor2-last=Tolbert |editor2-first=T. C. |title=Troubling the Line: Trans and Genderqueer Poetry and Poetics |year=2013 |publisher=Nightboat Books |location=Callicoon |isbn=978-1-937658-10-6 |oclc=839307399}}
• Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., & Barker, M.-J. (2017). Genderqueer and non-binary genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-1-137-51052-5}}. {{OCLC|1021393997}}.
• {{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scout-phd/a-male-b-female-c-both-d-neither_b_2887462.html |title=(A) Male, (B) Female, (C) Both, (D) Neither |author=Scout |date=July 23, 2013 |website=The Huffington Post |publisher=AOL |access-date=August 2, 2013 |archive-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727144053/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scout-phd/a-male-b-female-c-both-d-neither_b_2887462.html |url-status=live}}
• {{cite book |title=The Transgender Studies Reader |editor-last=Stryker |editor-first=Susan |editor1-link=Susan Stryker |editor2-last=Whittle |editor2-first=Stephen |editor2-link=Stephen Whittle |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-58005-184-2 |oclc=50389309}}

{{refend}}

• {{Wiktionary inline|non-binary}}
• {{Wikiquote-inline}}

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Category:Feminist terminology

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