Norbert Lammert

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Norbert Lammert

| image = Lammert, Norbert-0829.jpg

| office = Chair of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation

| 1blankname = {{nowrap|General Secretary}}

| 1namedata = Michael Thielen

| term_start = 1 December 2018

| term_end =

| predecessor = Hans-Gert Pöttering

| successor =

| office1 = President of the Bundestag

| term_start1 = 18 October 2005

| term_end1 = 24 October 2017

| predecessor1 = Wolfgang Thierse

| successor1 = Wolfgang Schäuble

| office2 = Vice President of the Bundestag
{{small|(on proposal of the CDU/CSU-group)}}

| president2 = Wolfgang Thierse

| term_start2 = 17 October 2002

| term_end2 = 18 October 2005

| predecessor2 = Rudolf Seiters

| successor2 = Gerda Hasselfeldt

| office3 = Parliamentary State Secretary
in the Ministry of Transport

| chancellor3 = Helmut Kohl

| minister3 = Matthias Wissmann

| term_start3 = 15 May 1997

| term_end3 = 26 October 1998

| predecessor3 = Manfred Carstens

| successor3 = Achim Großmann

| office4 = Parliamentary State Secretary
in the Ministry for Economic Affairs

| chancellor4 = Helmut Kohl

| minister4 = Günter Rexrodt

| term_start4 = 17 November 1994

| term_end4 = 15 May 1997

| predecessor4 = Reinhard Göhner

| successor4 = Heinrich Leonhard Kolb

| office5 = Parliamentary State Secretary
in the Ministry for Education and Science

| chancellor5 = Helmut Kohl

| minister5 = Heinz Riesenhuber
Matthias Wissmann

| term_start5 = 21 April 1989

| term_end5 = 17 November 1994

| predecessor5 = Irmgard Karwatzki

| successor5 = Bernd Neumann

| office6 = Member of the Bundestag
for North Rhine-Westphalia

| term_start6 = 4 November 1980

| term_end6 = 24 October 2017

| successor6 = multi-member district

| predecessor6 = multi-member district

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|11|16|df=y}}

| birth_place = Bochum, British occupation zone, Allied-occupied Germany {{small|(now North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)}}

| death_date =

| death_place =

| party = Christian Democratic Union {{small|(1966–)}}

| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Academic}}

| spouse = Gertrud

| children = 4

| alma_mater = Ruhr University Bochum

| signature = Norbert Lammert Signature.svg

| website = {{url|norbert-lammert.de|Official website}}

| caption = Lammert in 2014

}}

Norbert Lammert (born 16 November 1948) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the 12th president of the Bundestag from 2005 to 2017.

Early life and education

The son of a baker,Stefan Wagstyl (6 June 2016), [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f96e18d4-2bd3-11e6-bf8d-26294ad519fc.html German presidency jostling begins as Gauck prepares to quit] Financial Times. Lammert attended gymnasium in Bochum where he studied classics. He obtained his abitur in 1967. He carried out military service in the Bundeswehr from 1967 to 1969. Following his military service he went on to the Ruhr University Bochum, which included a period abroad at the University of Oxford, where he studied political science and modern history. He went on and obtained his doctorate (Dr. rer. soc.) from the Ruhr University Bochum in 1975.

Political career

Having joined the CDU in 1966, he was deputy chairman of the Bochum branch of the CDU. From 1978–1984, he was deputy leader of a part (Westfalen-Lippe) of the North Rhine-Westphalian branch of the Junge Union, the CDU youth organization. In the 1980 national elections, he was elected to the Bundestag and had kept his mandate continuously until stepping down in 2017. During his tenure in the Bundestag he served (as usual for all MPs) on several committees.{{cite web|url=http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/bundestag/presidium/lammert.html|title=Norbert Lammert profile on the Bundestag website|date=15 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210012032/http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/bundestag/presidium/lammert.html|archive-date=10 December 2010}}

File:Norbert Lammert (Tobias Koch).jpg

Following the 2005 federal elections in which the CDU became the strongest party and formed a grand coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), Lammert was elected by the Bundestag on 18 October 2005 to replace Wolfgang Thierse of the SPD as its President. Lammert received 564 of 607 votes cast, including most of the SPD's votes. He was reelected to this post by the 17th Bundestag after the 2009 federal election with a similarly good result. In his capacity as president, he chairs the parliament’s Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. Lammert's tenure in office gained him recognition across party lines as he was determined to uphold the honor and importance of the federal parliament while at the same time displaying a dry, sophisticated sense of humor most notably in exchanges with then-chairmen of Die Linke Gregor Gysi.

In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the SPD following the 2013 federal elections, Lammert was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on cultural and media affairs, led by Michael Kretschmer and Klaus Wowereit.

When Federal President Joachim Gauck announced in June 2016 that he would not stand for reelection, Lammert was soon mentioned by German and international media as likely successor.Stefan Wagstyl (6 June 2016), [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f96e18d4-2bd3-11e6-bf8d-26294ad519fc.html German presidency jostling begins as Gauck prepares to quit] Financial Times.Kate Connolly (6 June 2016), [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/06/german-president-joachim-gauck-merkel-east-german-civil-rights Headache for Angela Merkel as German president Joachim Gauck steps down] The Guardian.

In October 2016, Lammert announced that he would not stand in the 2017 federal elections and resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.Margarete von Ackeren (17 October 2016), [http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagspraesident-norbert-lammert-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-bundestag_id_6082179.html Norbert Lammert kandidiert nicht mehr für den Bundestag] Focus.

Later career

In 2018, Lammert took on the role of chairman of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAS).

Since 2022, following an appointment by Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Lammert has been serving on a three-member panel (alongside Krista Sager and Andreas Voßkuhle) to assess potential conflicts of interest, requiring senior German officials from the chancellor to deputy ministers to observe a cooling-off period if they want to quit the government for a job in business.Christoph Schult (1 April 2022), [https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/neue-besetzung-bei-karenzzeitwaechtern-a-1642fb10-7a04-4faf-9a01-e4e07a37acce Voßkuhle, Lammert, Sager: Neue Besetzung bei Karenzzeitwächtern] Der Spiegel.

Political positions

=Role of the parliament=

Throughout his tenure, Lammert has not shied from speaking out against the government about potential threats to parliament's role.Stephen Brown and Madeline Chambers (17 February 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-president-candidates-idUSL5E8DH2XX20120217 Possible candidates for German presidency] Reuters. He became widely respected for upholding parliamentarians' rights, including leading the way in condemning the 1915 Armenian massacres as a Turkish genocide in 2016.Stefan Wagstyl (6 June 2016), [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f96e18d4-2bd3-11e6-bf8d-26294ad519fc.html German presidency jostling begins as Gauck prepares to quit] Financial Times. In 2011, he questioned why the Bundestag had not been consulted on Chancellor Angela Merkel's decision to close all nuclear plants following Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.Jon Hemming (17 March 2011), [https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-nuclear-idUSLDE72G07420110317 Germany dismisses legal doubts on nuclear closures] Reuters. He has insisted that members of parliament be consulted fully on the bailout schemes for the euro zone debt crisis.Stephen Brown and Madeline Chambers (17 February 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-president-candidates-idUSL5E8DH2XX20120217 Possible candidates for German presidency] Reuters.

= European integration =

In 2012, Lammert said he wants a financial transaction tax to be introduced in as many countries as possible, “at least” in the Eurozone.Allison Connolly (20 January 2012), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-20/bundestag-president-wants-euro-area-transaction-tax-welt-says.html Bundestag President Wants Euro-Area Transaction Tax, Welt Says] Bloomberg. Later that year, he demanded that the EU not take in new members for the time being because of the European debt crisis and also expressed doubts that Croatia was ready to join;Andreas Rinke (9 November 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/eu-macedonia-idUSL5E8M99XP20121109 Macedonia's EU talks could start without name resolution] Reuters. Croatia eventually joined the EU in 2013.

= Human rights =

Following the Charlie Hebdo shooting in 2015, Lammert criticized Saudi Arabia for condemning the Paris attacks as a violation of Islam, "then two days later letting the blogger Raif Badawi be flogged in public in Jeddah for insulting Islam".Stephen Brown (15 January 2015), [https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2015/01/15/world/middleeast/15reuters-germany-islam.html Merkel Vows to Protect Germany's Jews and Muslims From Extremism] New York Times. Ahead of Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's first official visit to Germany in June 2015, Lammert announced that he would not meet the former army chief, citing "an unbelievable number of death sentences".Andreas Rinke (3 June 2015), [https://www.reuters.com/article/egypt-germany-idUSL5N0YP2K320150603 Merkel tells Egypt's Sisi: death penalty is wrong but let's trade] Reuters.

In February 2016, Lammert visited the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan to learn more about the plight of Syrians fleeing the violence in the ongoing Syrian civil war that erupted in 2011.[http://www.bundestag.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2016/neuer-inhalt/405570 Bundestagspräsident Lammert besucht deutsche Truppen in Incirlik und reist zu Gesprächen nach Jordanien und Kuwait] Deutscher Bundestag, press release of 5 February 2016.

In June 2017, Lammert voted against Germany’s introduction of same-sex marriage.[https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article166099805/Diese-Unionsabgeordneten-stimmten-fuer-die-Ehe-fuer-alle.html Diese Unionsabgeordneten stimmten für die Ehe für alle] Die Welt, 30 June 2017.

Controversy

= Party financing =

In December 2010, Lammert imposed on the CDU a fine of 1.2 million euros ($1.6 million) for breaching party donation rules, for party funding violations in the western state of Rhineland-Palatinate at the time of the regional election in 2006.Rainer Buergin (23 December 2010), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-23/merkel-s-cdu-party-fined-1-6-million-for-donations-violation-in-rhineland.html Merkel's CDU Party Fined $1.6 Million for Donations Violation in Rhineland] Bloomberg News.

= Plagiarism allegations =

In July 2013, an anonymous internet blogger, using the name of Robert Schmidt, accused Lammert of having plagiarized other works when writing his dissertation.{{cite web|url=http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/uni-bochum-prueft-doktorarbeit-plagiatsvorwurf-gegen-bundestagspraesident-lammert_aid_1057173.html|title=Unregelmäßigkeiten in Doktorarbeit?: Hat auch Norbert Lammert abgekupfert?|language=de|trans-title=Irregularities in the doctoral thesis? Did Norbert Lammert also copy?|date=29 July 2013|work=FOCUS Online|access-date=2 October 2020}} Lammert rejected this reproach and asked the University of Bochum to check his dissertation; he also published it via internet. High-ranking politicians of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and of the German Green Party underlined that there should be no condemnation(s) in advance.{{cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/bundestagspraesident-opposition-verteidigt-lammert-gegen-plagiatsvorwurf-12312240.html|title=Opposition verteidigt Lammert gegen Plagiatsvorwurf|language=de|trans-title=Opposition defends Lammert against allegations of plagiarism|date=30 July 2013|work=FAZ|access-date=2 October 2020|last1=Schmoll|first1=Heike}}

In November 2013 the university finished a thorough investigation and came to the conclusion that, although the dissertation contained "avoidable shortcomings in the citations", those did not constitute plagiarism.{{cite news|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/ruhr-universitaet-bochum-kein-plagiatsverfahren-gegen-lammert-12651955.html|title=Kein Plagiatsverfahren gegen Lammert|language=de|trans-title=No plagiarism proceedings against Lammert|date=6 November 2013|work=FAZ|access-date=2 October 2020}}

Other activities

=Corporate boards=

RAG AG, Member of the Supervisory Board
RAG-Stiftung, Member of the Board of Trustees (2017–2022)Daniel Delhaes (1 June 2022), [https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/mobilitaet-gruene-missachten-die-frauenquote-im-bahn-aufsichtsrat/28391748.html Grüne missachten die Frauenquote im Bahn-Aufsichtsrat] Handelsblatt.Dietmar Student (26 May 2022), [https://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/rag-kuratorium-muss-juergen-grossmann-zentrales-ruhr-amt-abgeben-a-267a4269-0002-0001-0000-000204564755 Jürgen Großmann bangt um zentrales Ruhr-Amt] Manager Magazin.Ulf Meinke (31 May 2022), [https://www.wr.de/wirtschaft/armin-laschet-wieder-im-kuratorium-der-essener-rag-stiftung-id235495139.html Armin Laschet wieder im Kuratorium der Essener RAG-Stiftung] Westfälische Rundschau.
Evonik Industries, Member of the Supervisory Board (2005-2007)
RTL Television, Member of the Program Committee (1998-2007)

=Non-profit organizations=

Deutsche Nationalstiftung, Member of the Senate[https://www.nationalstiftung.de/die-stiftung/gremien/ Senate] Deutsche Nationalstiftung.
Konrad Adenauer Prize, Member of the Advisory Board[https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/00051/index.html Konrad Adenauer Prize: Advisory Board] City of Cologne.
Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz (KHI), Member of the Board of Trustees[https://www.khi.fi.it/Board_of_Trustees Board of Trustees] Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz (KHI).
Federal Cultural Foundation, ex-officio Member of the Board of Trustees
Goethe-Institut, Member of the General Meeting[https://www.goethe.de/en/uun/org/gre.html Boards] Goethe-Institut.
Institute for Advanced Study, Member of the Board of Trustees (2009-2013)
Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Chairman of the Board of Trustees
musikFabrik, Member of the Board of Trustees
Norbert Lammert Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Trustees
Ruhrfestspiele, Member of the Supervisory Board
Ruhr University Bochum, Member of the Board of Trustees (2002-2008)

Recognition

2019 – Hans Ehrenberg PrizeElena Ubrig (14 October 2019), [https://www.waz.de/staedte/bochum/bochumer-cdu-politiker-lammert-erhaelt-hans-ehrenberg-preis-id227360433.html Bochumer CDU-Politiker Lammert erhält Hans-Ehrenberg-Preis] Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung.

Personal life

Lammert is member of the Catholic Church.{{cite web |url=http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete/bio/L/lammeno0.html |title=Lammert, Dr. Norbert |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag |access-date=23 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425013230/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete/bio/L/lammeno0.html |archive-date=25 April 2010 }} He is married to Gertrud and has four children.

Literature

{{Cite book |editor=Michael F. Feldkamp |editor-link=Michael F. Feldkamp |title=Der Bundestagspräsident. Amt - Funktion - Person |volume=16 |publisher=Wahlperiode |location=München |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-7892-8201-0}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20101210012032/http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/bundestag/presidium/lammert.html Official biography at bundestag.de]
{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
{{C-SPAN|97102}}