Norma Graham
{{Short description|American psychologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Norma Graham
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| birth_date = {{birth date |1944|8|8}}
| birth_place = St. Louis
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| fields = Psychology, visual perception, human psychophysics, visual behavior and neurophysiology
| workplaces = Columbia University
| education = Stanford University {{small|(BS)}}
University of Pennsylvania {{small|(Ph.D.)}}
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Norma Van Surdam Graham (born August 8, 1944) is an American psychologist, neuroscientist and the Centennial Professor of Psychology at Columbia University. She has been a faculty member at Columbia since 1972. She has been elected to several scholarly societies, including the National Academy of Sciences.
Biography
Graham earned an undergraduate degree in mathematics from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. After a postdoctoral fellowship in visual neuroscience at Rockefeller University from 1970 to 1972, Graham joined the faculty at Columbia University. She was named a full professor in 1982 and department chair in 2007.{{cite book|last1=Wayne|first1=Tiffany K.|title=American Women of Science Since 1900|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598841589|pages=451–452|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPGZJ_YuMwgC&pg=PA451|language=en}}
Graham developed mathematical models to interpret experimental results in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies. Her early research interest included building psychophysical models that examine 4 different visual processes.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Norma Graham's Research BEFORE mid-2004|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~nvg1/0-ResearchOverview.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-07|website=www.columbia.edu}}{{cite journal|last1=Klein|first1=Stanley A.|last2=Tyler|first2=Christopher W.|title=The psychophysics of detection. Review of Visual Pattern Analyzers, by N. V. S. Graham|journal=Journal of Mathematical Psychology|date=March 1993|volume=37|issue=1|pages=119–135|doi=10.1006/jmps.1993.1007}} She has focused in particular on the portions of visual processing that are "far from the input end (the light hitting the retina) and also far from the output end (conscious perception and control of action)."{{cite web|title=Norma Graham, PhD – FABBS|url=https://www.fabbs.org/our_scientists/norma-graham-phd/|website=www.fabbs.org|date=30 August 2016 |accessdate=March 19, 2017}} In 1989, she published her book Visual Pattern Analyzers, which investigated different channels in visual perception that are sensitive to different frequency ranges and orientation, and the development of multidimensional signal detection theory.
Awards and honors
She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1998) and a fellow of several academic societies, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2016),{{cite web|title=Chemist Bruce Berne, psychologist Norma Graham elected to National Academy of Sciences|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/23/23.html|website=www.columbia.edu|accessdate=March 19, 2017|date=May 20, 1998}}{{cite web|title=Norma Graham|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellow/graham-norma|website=American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate=March 19, 2017|language=en|date=21 November 2016}} the Society of Experimental Psychologists (1983) and the Optical Society of America (1986).
Personal Life
Norma Graham was born on August 8, 1944 in St. Louis, Missouri.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Norma Graham's Research BEFORE mid-2004|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~nvg1/0-ResearchOverview.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-07|website=www.columbia.edu}} With partner Wayne Wickelgren, she had 3 children: physicist Peter W. Graham (1980), mathematician Kirsten Wickelgren (1981), and Jeanette Wickelgren (1985).{{Cite web|last=Harvard Alumni Association Class Report Office|date=2018-03-14|title=Wayne Allen Wickelgren|url=https://h1960.classes.harvard.edu/article.html?aid=448|access-date=2024-06-19|website=Harvard|language=en-US}}
References
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Category:American women psychologists
Category:21st-century American psychologists
Category:Columbia University faculty
Category:Stanford University alumni
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Category:Fellows of Optica (society)
Category:American women academics