North Carolina Railroad

In 1848, the North Carolina legislature authorized a railroad that would connect the eastern part of the state with the Piedmont. North Carolina Senate President Calvin Graves cast the deciding vote, ensuring that the railroad would be built, but ending his political career because it would not pass through his district. The North Carolina Railroad was incorporated January 27, 1849, by special act of the North Carolina legislature.Interstate Commerce Commission. Southern Ry. Co., Volume 37, Interstate Commerce Commission Valuation Reports, November 6, 1931, p. 437. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1932. {{OCLC|297351688}}.

In 1851, Senator Graves was given the honor of lifting the first shovel of dirt as construction of the railroad began in Greensboro. In 1854, the railroad's first president, businessman John Motley Morehead, dubbed the rail line "the tree of life" for the state.[https://www.ncrr.com/about-ncrr/ncrr-history/ NCRR History, North Carolina Railroad Company]

About 130 miles of the {{RailGauge|4ft8in}}-gauge[http://www.csa-railroads.com/North_Carolina.htm Confederate Railroads – North Carolina] railroad, between Greensboro and Goldsboro, was opened for operation on December 13, 1855. About 94 miles of the railroad, between Greensboro and Charlotte, was opened on January 30, 1856. In early 1856, the first train traveled along the entire route from Goldsboro to Charlotte.

In 1858, the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad was completed, opening {{convert|96|mi}} of rail between Goldsboro and Shepard's Point, now Morehead City. Efforts to consolidate the Atlantic and North Carolina with the NCRR began in 1866, but it would take until 1989 to complete the merger and consolidate the railroads from Morehead City to Charlotte.

The North Carolina Railroad was leased to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company and its receiver from September 11, 1871, to June 30, 1894.

From July 1, 1894, the North Carolina Railroad was leased to the R&D's successor, the Southern Railway Company, for 99 years. Southern merged with Norfolk & Western Railway to form Norfolk Southern, which inherited the NCRR lease. Norfolk Southern retained control of the railroad until 1999, when NCRR and Norfolk Southern reached an exclusive trackage rights agreement enabling Norfolk Southern to continue freight and maintenance operations on the NCRR line for 15 years, renewable for 30 more years.

In 1929, Governor O. Max Gardner appointed Fanny Yarborough Bickett as the first woman president of the railroad.{{cite book |last1= Ham|first1= Marie Sharpe|last2= Blake|first2= Debra A.|last3= Morris|first3= C. Edwards|date= 2000|title= North Carolina's First Ladies 1891–2001, Who Have Resided in the Executive Mansion At 200 North Blount Street|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|publisher= The North Carolina Executive Mansion Fine Arts Committee and the North Carolina Executive Mansion Fund, Inc.|pages= 27–30|isbn=0-86526-294-2}} She was succeeded by Cora Lily Woodard Aycock in 1933.

In 1998, one year before the establishment of the new lease with Norfolk Southern, the State of North Carolina agreed to buy out the remaining 25% private shares of NCRR stock. While the NCRR is still nominally a private company, all of the voting stock is held by the state.

In 2000, the North Carolina legislature established by statute that North Carolina Railroad Company dividends paid to the State were required to be used by the North Carolina Department of Transportation for improvements to the NCRR line. At that time, NCRR was a real estate investment trust. In 2013, the legislature rewrote this statute to enable NCDOT to use its dividends of the North Carolina Railroad Company for the purposes set forth in the statute.

Recently,{{when|date=September 2024}} the North Carolina Railroad Company added three new passing sidings over eight miles and centralized traffic control between Raleigh and Selma (30 miles) in order to increase capacity for both freight and passenger trains. The Company is also replacing several other bridges along the corridor to improve safety, efficiency, and speed. Other improvements made by the NCRR since 2001 include rail and bridge upgrades between Raleigh and Morehead City, NC, at a cost in excess of $60 million. In 2010, the Company completed commuter rail investment and ridership studies for the segments between Goldsboro and Greensboro, through Raleigh.

Since 2008, the North Carolina Railroad Company has been working with the North Carolina Department of Transportation and Norfolk Southern to improve crossing safety on the eastern portion of the line by upgrading gates and crossing signals. The Company is also working with these parties to add or replace double track between Charlotte and Raleigh in an initiative to extend higher-speed passenger rail south to Charlotte from Washington via Richmond, Virginia.

The North Carolina Railroad was instrumental in encouraging the economic development of North Carolina in the 19th century, helping to define new markets, new industries, and new cities. Today NCRR continues to contribute to the state’s economy. The North Carolina Railroad carries over one million carloads of freight each year and about 300,000 passengers. Based on a 2007 study by the Research Triangle Institute, the North Carolina Railroad saves North Carolina industries $198 million in transportation costs annually, and the total impact on North Carolina economic output is $338 million annually. In 2005, in counties bordering NCRR tracks, industries using rail freight services accounted for $143 billion in output, more than 24% of North Carolina’s total economy. NCRR freight transportation also has environmental advantages, conveying $65.7 million in external benefits.

In 2012, the Program Evaluation Division of the General Assembly conducted an evaluation of the railroad.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-01 |title=NC owns a railroad? Well, yes. |url=https://www.carolinajournal.com/nc-owns-a-railroad-well-yes/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Carolina Journal - |language=en-US}}{{Cite report |url=https://webservices.ncleg.gov/ViewDocSiteFile/51510 |title=North Carolina Should Require NC Railroad Company to Pay an Annual Dividend and Strengthen Reporting |date=October 17, 2012 |publisher=Program Evaluation Division, North Carolina General Assembly |issue=2012-10 |access-date=March 22, 2025}} The evaluation report recommended maintaining ownership of the North Carolina Railroad, payment of both one-time and annual dividends, and stronger reporting requirements.

{{Portal|Trains|Railways}}

• North Carolina Department of Transportation
• Amtrak
• Norfolk Southern Railway

{{Reflist}}

• Interstate Commerce Commission. Southern Ry. Co., Volume 37, Interstate Commerce Commission Valuation Reports, November 6, 1931, p. 437. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1932. {{OCLC|297351688}}.
• [https://www.ncrr.com/about-ncrr/ncrr-history/ NCRR Website]
• [https://www.ncrr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NCRR-Forum-handout-v6_09242014.pdf Research Triangle Institute Study, September 2014]

{{North Carolina railroads}}

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Category:4 ft 8 in gauge railways in the United States

Category:North Carolina railroads

Category:Transportation in North Carolina

Category:Predecessors of the Southern Railway (U.S.)

Category:Railway companies established in 1849

Category:Non-operating common carrier freight railroads in the United States

Category:Norfolk Southern Railway lines

Category:1849 establishments in North Carolina

Railroad