North Wales Main Line

{{redirect-distinguish|North Wales Coast Line|Coastline of Wales}}

{{Infobox rail line

| name = North Wales Main Line

| image = 20303,20309 and 47818 , Colwyn Bay (1).jpg

| image_width = 280px

| caption = North Wales Coast Line in Colwyn Bay along the Irish Sea

| map = 280px

| other_name = {{ubl|North Wales Coast Line|Holyhead–Crewe line}}

| native_name = {{ubl|Llinell Arfordir Gogledd Cymru|Rheilffordd Arfordir Gogledd Cymru|Prif Linell Gogledd Cymru|Prif Linell y Gogledd|Rheilffordd Cryw a Chaergybi}}

| native_name_lang = cy

| type = Heavy Rail

| system = National Rail

| locale = {{ubl|Anglesey|Gwynedd|Conwy County Borough|Denbighshire|Flintshire|Cheshire}}

| start = {{rws|Crewe}}

| end = {{rws|Holyhead}}

| stations = 19

| open = 1850

| owner = Network Rail

| operator = {{ubl|Avanti West Coast|Transport for Wales Rail}}

| character = Mainly coastal

| stock = {{ubl|{{brc|67}}|Class 150 "Sprinter"|Class 153 "Super Sprinter"|Class 158 "Express Sprinter"|Class 197 "Civity"|Class 805 "Evero"}}

| linelength = {{convert|105.5|mi|km}}

| tracks = Double track mostly (except on the Britannia Bridge where there is single track)

| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}

| old_gauge =

| speed = {{cvt|90|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}

}}

The North Wales Main Line ({{langx|cy|Prif Linell Gogledd Cymru}} or {{langx|cy|label=none|Prif Linell y Gogledd}}; {{lit|North Main Line}}),{{cite web|url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/browse%20documents/rus%20documents/route%20utilisation%20strategies/wales/wales%20rus.pdf|title=Route Utilisation Strategy - Wales|publisher=Network Rail|year=2011|access-date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607075754/http://www.networkrail.co.uk/browse%20documents/rus%20documents/route%20utilisation%20strategies/wales/wales%20rus.pdf|archive-date=7 June 2011|url-status=dead}} also known as the North Wales Coast Line ({{langx|cy|Llinell Arfordir Gogledd Cymru}}),Translation used for the service of the same name by Transport for Wales. {{cite web |title=TfW Network Map |url=https://tfw.wales/sites/default/files/2021-10/TfW_Network_Map_Web_011021.pdf |publisher=Transport for Wales |access-date=8 December 2021}} is a major railway line in the north of Wales and Cheshire, England, running from Crewe on the West Coast Main Line to Holyhead on the Isle of Anglesey. The line has 19 stations, with all except two, {{rws|Chester}} and {{rws|Crewe}}, being in Wales.

The line is not currently electrified, so Avanti West Coast, the current operator of the West Coast Partnership franchise, currently uses and Class 805 Evero units, Class 221 Super Voyagers were previously used from December 2007-December 2024. Plans to electrify the line were announced in October 2023.{{Cite web |title=Network North |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/network-north |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}

The line contains several notable engineering structures, including Conwy railway bridge across the River Conwy, and Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait.

History

The first section from Crewe to Chester was built by the Chester and Crewe Railway and absorbed by the Grand Junction Railway shortly before opening in 1840. The remainder was built between 1844 and 1850 by the Chester and Holyhead Railway Company as the route of the Irish Mail services to Dublin. The line was later incorporated into the London and North Western Railway. Between Chester and Saltney Junction, the line was, from the start, used by trains of the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway, later to be incorporated into the Great Western Railway.

So important was the line in the 19th and early 20th centuries to passenger, mail and freight traffic between Britain and Ireland that the world's first experimental and operational water troughs were installed at Mochdre, between Colwyn Bay and Llandudno Junction. Their purpose was to enable steam engines (especially on the Irish Mail) to collect water without stopping. Later, considerable stretches of line between Chester and Colwyn Bay were quadrupled to increase line capacity, but these sections have now been reduced to two tracks.

=Modern day=

In 2018, a £50 million signalling upgrade programme was completed between Shotton and Colwyn Bay. This upgrade saw modular colour lights supervised from the South Wales Rail Operating Centre in Cardiff replacing the manual signal boxes and mixture of semaphore and older colour lights.[https://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/gbp-50m-north-wales-railway-upgrade-project-underway £50m North Wales Railway Upgrade Project underway] Network Rail Media Centre; Retrieved 4 August 2017

Main calling points

The places served by the route are as follows:

Crewe
Chester
Wirral line diverges to serve Birkenhead and Liverpool (Merseyrail)
Line diverges to serve Wrexham, Shrewsbury and Cardiff (via the Shrewsbury to Chester Line), and Manchester, Warrington and Runcorn (via the Mid-Cheshire line and Chester–Warrington line).
Shotton
The Borderlands Line connecting Wrexham to Bidston crosses at Shotton with interchange facilities.
Flint
Prestatyn
Rhyl
Abergele
Colwyn Bay
Llandudno Junction
Lines diverge to serve Blaenau Ffestiniog and Llandudno (via the Conwy Valley Line)
Conwy
Penmaenmawr
Llanfairfechan
Bangor
Llanfairpwll
Line diverges to Amlwch (Anglesey Central Railway, disused)
Bodorgan
Ty Croes
Rhosneigr
Valley
Freight from Wylfa nuclear power station is loaded at a depot in Valley
Holyhead

Services

Principal through passenger services are London Euston to Holyhead, Bangor, Chester and Wrexham General operated by Avanti West Coast and Crewe to Holyhead, Cardiff to Holyhead and Manchester to Llandudno currently operated by Transport for Wales Rail. A revised timetable has operated since December 2005 incorporating a new service to and from Cardiff Central every two hours. The line still provides the UK railway part of the through passenger service to Dublin using fast car ferries from Holyhead to Dublin Port.

Future

File:North Wales Coast Line between Chester and Saltney.jpg

The Welsh Government would like the line to be electrified.{{cite news|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/hs2-report-pushed-electrification-north-6858802|title=HS2 report has pushed electrification of North Wales rail line forward, Welsh Secretary claims|date=21 March 2014|first=David|last=Williamson|work=Wales Online|access-date=27 November 2015}} Chancellor George Osborne said in July 2015 that there was a "really strong case" for electrification of the line.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-33570326|title='Strong case' for north Wales rail electrification|date=17 July 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=27 November 2015}} The Electrification Task Force said that the Chester to Crewe line was a Tier 2 priority for being electrified in the CP6 period (2019-2024).{{cite news|url=http://www.railnorth.org/news/electrification-task-force-final-report-revealed/|title=Electrification Task Force Final Report Revealed|work=Rail North|date=5 March 2015|access-date=27 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614071233/http://www.railnorth.org/news/electrification-task-force-final-report-revealed/|archive-date=14 June 2017|url-status=dead}}

In 2023, the Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced that electrification of the North Wales Coast line would receive £1 billion in funding as part of the Network North policy paper in conjunction with the scrapping of High Speed 2 north of Birmingham.{{Cite web |title=Network North |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/network-north |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-67005350|title=North Wales electric rail expected to cost more than £1bn|work=BBC News|date=5 October 2023|accessdate=16 January 2024}}

=New trains=

Class 221 units currently operate long-distance services to Holyhead from London Euston for Avanti West Coast. They were replaced in part by Class 805 Evero units in June 2024. These new units are able to run using the overhead wires from Euston to Crewe, before switching to diesel power from Crewe to Holyhead.{{Cite web |last=Hewitt |first=Sam |date=7 January 2020|title=Hitachi wins £350 million order for new West Coast trains|url=https://www.therailwayhub.co.uk/9606/hitachi-wins-350million-order-for-new-west-coast-trains/|access-date=5 June 2020|website=The Railway Hub }}

Transport for Wales Rail operate regional services using Class 158 units. These will be replaced from 2022 onwards by Class 197 units.{{cite magazine |last1=Clark |first1=Rhodri |title=Concern about '197' interior spec |url=https://www.keymodernrailways.com/article/concern-about-197-interior-spec |access-date=3 October 2020 |magazine=Modern Railways|publisher=Key Publishing Ltd |date=23 April 2020 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232107/https://www.keymodernrailways.com/article/concern-about-197-interior-spec |url-status=live }}

= Proposed stations =

There are two proposed railway stations on the line, proposed as part of the North Wales Metro. The two stations are both in Flintshire: at Greenfield and Broughton.{{Cite book|url=https://tfw.wales/sites/default/files/inline-files/TfW%20Metro%20Development%202021_4.pdf|title=TfW Metro Development 2021 - How we're developing Metro (March 2021).|date=March 2021|publisher=Transport for Wales|location=tfw.wales|pages=4, 7–8}}{{Cite web|title=North Wales Metro: Future developments {{!}} Transport for Wales|url=https://tfw.wales/projects/metro/future-developments/north-wales|access-date=15 December 2021|website=tfw.wales|language=en}}