North Wyke
{{Short description|Grade I listed building in the United Kingdom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
File:North Wyke - geograph.org.uk - 431431.jpg
File:North Wyke Gate House-A Book of Dartmoor.jpg, 1907]]
North Wyke is an historic manor in the parish of South Tawton, Devon. The surviving grade I listed{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-94949-north-wyke-south-tawton-devon#.WGMOUX25Qqc|title = North Wyke, South Tawton, Devon}} manor house, the original Devonshire seat of the Wyke (alias de Wray) family from the early 13th century to 1714,Pevsner, p.605 retains its basic mediaeval form, but was "improved and reconstructed"Pevsner, p.605 by Rev. William Wykes-Finch (d.1920) in 1904, historian and descendant (via a female line) of the Wyke family, to the design of G.H. Fellowes Prynne. Currently, the manor is part of Rothamsted Research's North Wyke site.
History
File:WykesArms.png (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.290 Ermine, three battle-axes sable.Vivian, p.825; Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p.508 The similarity of these arms to those born by the prominent Wrey family later of Tawstock Court, North Devon, is suggested by Worthy (1896) to prove that they are "collateral kinsfolk of the Wykes".Worthy]]
North Wyke was long a possession of the Wyke family (alias Wykes, Wycke, Wick, Wicks, Weeke, etc.), which during the reign of King Richard II (1377-1399) changed its surname from "de Wray" to the name of its seat, "Wyke".Vivian, p.825, "took the name of his house". Worthy (1896) suggested this family, Latinized to de Wigornia ("from Worcester"), was descended from a certain William de Wigornia, a younger son of Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan (c.1142-1204) and de jure Earl of Worcester, by his marriage with Maud FitzRoy, daughter of Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall.[http://www.wykes.org/devonwil.html Worthy, Charles, Devonshire Wills: Wykes of North Wyke, 1896]
The manor of South Tawton was anciently a possession of the Beaumont family.Worthy; Risdon, p.290 The effigy of John Wykes (1520-1591) of North Wyke, known locally as "Old Warrior Wykes",Worthy survives in South Tawton Church, showing a recumbent figure dressed in full armour, under a low tester with three low Ionic columns.Pevsner, Nikolaus & Cherry, Bridget, The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, p.752 He married Mary Giffard, a daughter of Sir Roger Giffard (d.1547) of Brightley, Chittlehampton, Devon.Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p.825, pedigree of Wykes of NorthWyke; p.400, pedigree of Giffard In the chapel, a corbel survives sculpted with the arms of Wykes and Giffard.Baring-Gould, p.151
The Westcountry author and historian Sabine Baring-Gould (d.1924) in his "Book of Dartmoor" (1907), relates the tale of "Wicked Richard Weekes" who died in 1670, and was involved in an escapade concerning fraudulent wills and mortgages.Baring-Gould, Book of Dartmoor, 1907, pp.151-155
Eventually, the estate was broken up into two farms, and the house divided into two. Shortly before 1907 it was repurchased by Rev. William Wykes-Finch (d.1920), descended from the Wyke family in a female line,Baring-Gould, Sabine and as reported by Sabine Baring-Gould in 1907 "the house is being restored in excellent taste". Wykes-Finch's son died in 1922 shortly after his father, and a cousin inherited the estate.[http://www.wykes.org/nthwyke.html "The History of North Wyke"] It was sold in 1928 to Edwin Stanbury for £5,000. From 1929-1934 it was tenanted by the noted sculptor Alice Meredith Williams and her husband. In 1939 it was sold to Geoffrey Lupton, and in 1945 was sold to Captain N. Watson, who in 1955 sold it for about £30,000 to Fisons Ltd the fertiliser manufacturer, who established there a fertiliser research station. The house became offices and a hostel for visiting workers while the old stables became laboratories. In 1981 the Crown Estate Commissioners bought North Wyke and let it to the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research,[http://www.wykes.org/nthwyke.html "The History of North Wyke"] after which it became part of Rothamsted Research.
Further reading
- Lauder, Rosemary & Atkins, William, A Tale of Two Rivers: North Wyke, 1986
- History and Heraldry of North Wyke, guide formerly available at the house.
Sources
- Wykes-Finch, Rev. W., MA, JP, The Ancient Family of Wyke of North Wyke, Co. Devon, published in Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, 1903, Vol.35, pp. 360–425 [http://www.wykes.org/wykefami.pdf]
- Worthy, Charles, Devonshire Wills: Wykes of North Wyke, 1896 [http://www.wykes.org/devonwil.html]
- Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p. 427, "Northwike".
- Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p. 290, "North Week".
- Baring-Gould, Sabine, "A Book of Dartmoor", 1907, pp. 151–155 [https://archive.org/stream/bookofdartmoor00baririch/bookofdartmoor00baririch_djvu.txt]
- Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 825–7, pedigree of "Wykes of Northwyke"