Northwestern China

Chinese dynasties from the Qin (221 BC to 207 BC) to the Qing period (1644 CE to 1911 CE) placed high priority on maintaining stability and security in the region, motivated by concerns about potential threats from the Northwest.{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Huasheng |url= |title=The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform |date=2016 |publisher=Stanford University Press |others=Thomas Fingar |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |location=Stanford, California |pages=175 |chapter=Central Asia in Chinese Strategic Thinking |oclc=939553543}}

Security concerns have continued under modern governments. During the Republic of China period, the government was only able to exercise loose control in the Northwest. In 1933, Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic separatists declared an Islamic Republic of East Turkestan based on constitutionally-enshrined Sharia law. The short-lived separatist Islamic Republic was not recognized by any other countries and was suppressed after three months of existence.

With Soviet Union backing, separatists declared a second short-lived East Turkestan Republic in 1944 based in Yining. The Soviet Union withdrew its support in June 1946. A separatist movement drawing on the legacy of the short-lived East Turkestan Republics continues today.

During China's land reform movement (which began after the defeat of the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War and continued in the early years of the People's Republic of China), the Communist Party encouraged rural women in achieving a "double fanshen" - a revolutionary transformation as both a peasant and a feminist awakening as a woman.{{Cite book |last=DeMare |first=Brian James |url= |title=Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution |date=2019 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-0849-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=140–141 |oclc=1048940018}} The progress of Hui women in Northwestern China was promoted as by the Party as an example of such a success.{{Cite book |last=DeMare |first=Brian James |url= |title=Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution |date=2019 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-0849-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=141 |oclc=1048940018}} Through the rural movement, Hui women were said to have not just received land, but also "freedom over their own bodies." Hui women embraced political participation and the rural revolution. The land reform movement succeeded among Hui people because activists first won over elder generations.

In the first half of the 20th century, industrial development in China's northwest was state-led.{{Cite book |last=Hirata |first=Koji |title=Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-38227-4 |series=Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series |location=New York, NY}}{{Rp|page=13}}

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Category:Regions of China

Category:Western China