Nuclear spectroscopy

{{Short description|Using nucleus properties to probe material properties}}

Nuclear spectroscopy is a superordinate concept of methods that uses properties of a nucleus to probe material properties.{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288157310 |chapter=Nuclear Spectroscopy |last=Glascock |first=Michael |title=Treatise on Geochemistry |date=2013-11-01 |website=Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition |pages=273–290 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01419-4 |isbn=9780080983004 |access-date=2019-12-08}}{{Cite journal |title=Synopsis: Nuclear Spectroscopy Reveals New Shapes of Excited Nuclei |date=2019-10-03 |publisher=American Physical Society |location=U.S. |doi=10.1103/physrevlett.123.142502 |pmid = 31702191|last1 = Garrett|first1 = P. E.|last2 = Rodríguez|first2 = T. R.|last3 = Varela|first3 = A. D.|last4 = Green|first4 = K. L.|last5 = Bangay|first5 = J.|last6 = Finlay|first6 = A.|author7 = Austin RAE|last8 = Ball|first8 = G. C.|last9 = Bandyopadhyay|first9 = D. S.|last10 = Bildstein|first10 = V.|last11 = Colosimo|first11 = S.|last12 = Cross|first12 = D. S.|last13 = Demand|first13 = G. A.|last14 = Finlay|first14 = P.|last15 = Garnsworthy|first15 = A. B.|last16 = Grinyer|first16 = G. F.|last17 = Hackman|first17 = G.|last18 = Jigmeddorj|first18 = B.|last19 = Jolie|first19 = J.|last20 = Kulp|first20 = W. D.|last21 = Leach|first21 = K. G.|last22 = Morton|first22 = A. C.|last23 = Orce|first23 = J. N.|last24 = Pearson|first24 = C. J.|last25 = Phillips|first25 = A. A.|last26 = Radich|first26 = A. J.|last27 = Rand|first27 = E. T.|last28 = Schumaker|first28 = M. A.|last29 = Svensson|first29 = C. E.|last30 = Sumithrarachchi|first30 = C.|journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 123|issue = 14|pages = 142502|s2cid=207934601 |display-authors = 29}} By emission or absorption of radiation from the nucleus information of the local structure is obtained, as an interaction of an atom with its closest neighbours. Or a radiation spectrum of the nucleus is detected. Most methods base on hyperfine interactions, which are the interaction of the nucleus with its interaction of its atom's electrons and their interaction with the nearest neighbor atoms as well as external fields. Nuclear spectroscopy is mainly applied to solids and liquids, rarely in gases. Its methods are important tools in condensed matter physics,Nuclear condensed matter physics, Günter Schatz and Alois Weidinger, {{ISBN|978-0471954798}}Th. Wichert, N. Achtziger, H. Metzner, R. Sielemann: Perturbed angular correlation. In: G. Langouche (Hrsg.): Hyperfine Interactions of Defects in Semiconductors. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1992, {{ISBN|0-444-89134-X}}, S. 77. solid state chemistry.,Methods in Physical Chemistry, Rolf Schäfer, Peter C. Schmidt, Print {{ISBN|9783527327454}}, Online {{ISBN|9783527636839}}, {{doi|10.1002/9783527636839}} and analysis of chemical composition (analytical chemistry).