Nume language

{{Unsourced|section|date=February 2025}}

The name Nume originates in the name of a village, now abandoned. Tarasag is currently the community's main village. The alternate name Gog refers to the broader area, and by extension, to the island.

Nume has 15 consonant phonemes.{{Sfn|François|2022}}

• /β/ can also be heard as [ɸ] among speakers.

Nume has 7 phonemic vowels, which are all short monophthongs.François (2005a): 445).

:

The system of personal pronouns in Nume contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural).François (2016).

Spatial reference in Nume is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is typical of Oceanic languages.François (2015).

{{reflist|2|}}

• {{citation

|doi=10.1353/ol.2005.0034

|last=François

|first=Alexandre

|year=2005a

|title=Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages

|journal=Oceanic Linguistics

|volume=44

|issue=2

|pages=443–504

|s2cid=131668754

|url=https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_VowelsNorthernVanuatu_OL44-2.pdf

}}

• {{citation

|last=François

|first=Alexandre

|year=2011

|title=Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence

|journal=Journal of Historical Linguistics

|volume=1

|issue=2

|pages=175–246

|doi=10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra

|url=https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2011_JHL1-2_Social-ecology_Vanuatu.pdf

|ref=ecology

|hdl=1885/29283

|s2cid=42217419

|hdl-access=free

}}.

• {{citation

|last=François

|first=Alexandre

|year=2012

|title=The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages

|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language

|volume=2012

|issue=214

|doi=10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022

|pages=85–110

|s2cid=145208588

|url=https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2012_NorthVanuatuSocioling_IJSL.pdf

|ref=AF-diversity

}}

• {{Cite book

| publisher = Asia-Pacific Linguistics

| isbn = 978-1-922185-23-5

| pages = 137–195

|editor1= Alexandre François |editor2=Sébastien Lacrampe |editor3=Michael Franjieh |editor4=Stefan Schnell

| last = François

| first = Alexandre

| title = The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and diversity

| chapter = The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages

| location = Canberra

| series = Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia

| url = http://hdl.handle.net/1885/14819

| contribution-url= https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2015_North-Vanuatu-space-directionals.pdf

| date = 2015

| hdl = 1885/14819

| ref = updown }}

• {{citation

|last=François

|first=Alexandre

|year=2016

|contribution = The historical morphology of personal pronouns in northern Vanuatu

|editor1-last = Pozdniakov

|editor1-first = Konstantin

|title = Comparatisme et reconstruction : tendances actuelles

|volume = 47

|pages = 25–60

|publisher = Peter Lang

|place = Bern

|series = Faits de Langues

|contribution-url= https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2016_History-personal-pronouns_north-Vanuatu_s.pdf

|ref=pronouns

}}

• {{cite web |last=François |first=Alexandre |author-link= |author-mask= |date=2022 |title=Presentation of the Nume language, and audio archive |url=https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Nume?lang=en&mode=pro&seeMore=true |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=Pangloss Collection |publisher=CNRS |quote= |ref=pangloss |location=Paris}}

• [http://alex.francois.online.fr/AlexFrancois_Torba-languages_map-e.htm Linguistic map of north Vanuatu, showing range of Nume on Gaua].
• [https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Nume?lang=en&mode=pro Audio recordings in the Nume language], in open access, by A. François (source: Pangloss Collection).
• [http://mammana.org/bcp/nume1965.html U Line Tatar Ve Vosog Le Ale Gavrund] Simplified Anglican Morning and Evening Prayer in Nume (c. 1965), digitized by Richard Mammana.

{{Languages of Vanuatu}}

{{Southern Oceanic languages}}

{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}

Category:Languages of Vanuatu

Category:Banks–Torres languages

Category:Torba Province

{{Vanuatu-stub}}

{{SOceanic-lang-stub}}