Nuphar lutea
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{cleanup rewrite |it contains much material that is not relevant to this species, but to the genus or even the family|date=June 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Nuphar lutea (habitus).jpg
|image_caption = Nuphar lutea at Leiemeersen, Oostkamp, Belgium
|genus = Nuphar
|parent = Nuphar sect. Nuphar
|species = lutea
|range_map = Range Map for Nuphar lutea in Eurasia.png
|range_map_alt =
|range_map_caption = It is native to the region spanning from Europe to Siberia, Xinjiang, China, and North Algeria.
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|Nenuphar luteum (L.) Link
|Nymphaea lutea L.
|Nymphona lutea (L.) Bubani
|Nymphozanthus europaeus Desv.
|Nymphozanthus luteus (L.) Fernald
|Nuphar affinis Harz
|Nuphar fluviatile Laest.
|Nuphar grandiflora Laest.
|Nuphar grandifolia Laest.
|Nuphar graveolens Laest.
|Nuphar latifolia Laest.
|Nuphar latifolia subsp. boreale Laest.
|Nuphar lobata Laest.
|Nuphar lutea var. rivularis (Dumort.) De Wild. & T.Durand
|Nuphar lutea var. submersa Rouy & Foucaud
|Nuphar rivularis Dumort.
|Nuphar sericea Láng
|Nuphar spathulifera Rchb.
|Nuphar systyla Wallr.
|Nuphar tenella Rchb.
|Nymphaea affinis (Harz) Hayek
|Nymphaea lutea var. affinis (Harz) J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea subf. denticulata J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea var. harzii J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea var. minor Lej.
|Nymphaea lutea var. puberula J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. punctata J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. purpureosignata J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. schlierensis J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. sericea J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. submersa J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. tenella (Rchb.) J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. terrestris J.Schust.
|Nymphaea lutea f. urceolata J.Schust.
|Nymphaea umbilicalis Salisb.
|Nymphozanthus affinis (Harz) Fernald
|Nymphozanthus sericeus (Láng) Fernald
|Nymphozanthus vulgaris Rich.
}}
|synonyms_ref = {{cite POWO |id=30385379-2 |title=Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. |accessdate=6 January 2024}}
}}
Nuphar lutea, the yellow water-lily, brandy-bottle, or spadderdock, is an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, native to northern temperate and some subtropical regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Nuphar&SPECIES_XREF=lutea&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Nuphar lutea]{{GRIN | access-date = 17 December 2017}} This species was used as a food source and in medicinal practices from prehistoric times with potential research and medical applications going forward.{{cite thesis |last=Padgett |first=Donald Jay |date=1997 |title=A Biosystematic Monograph of the Genus Nuphar sm (Nymphaeaceae) |type=Doctoral Dissertation |publisher=University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215520528.pdf |access-date=December 21, 2020}}{{rp|30}}
Description
{{CSS image crop
|Image = Коріння Глечиків Жовтих (Nuphar lutea).jpg
|bSize = 300
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|Description = Branching rhizomes of Nuphar lutea
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File:Гле́чики жо́вті, лата́ття жо́вте або куби́шка жо́вта (Nuphar lutea) 19.jpg
=Vegetative characteristics=
Nuphar lutea is an aquatic, rhizomatous,Danin, A., & Fragman-Sapir, O. (n.d.). Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Flora of Israel and Adjacent Areas. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://flora.org.il/en/plants/NUPLUT/ perennial herbNuphar lutea. (n.d.-b). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/nuphar-lutea/ with stout,Nuphar lutea (Linnaeus) Smith. (n.d.). Flora of China @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220009308 branching, spongy,Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. (n.d.-b). Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Flora of New Zealand. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Nuphar-lutea.html 3–8(–15) cm wide rhizomes. It has floating and sumberged leaves.Padgett, D. J. (2007). A Monograph of Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae). Rhodora, 109(937), 1–95. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23314744 The broadly elliptic to ovate, green, leathery floating leaf with an entire margin, a deep sinus and spreading basal lobes is 16–30 cm long, and 11.5–22.1 cm wide. The adaxial surface is glabrous, and the abaxial surface is glabrous or pubescent. The trigonous petiole is 3–10 mm wide. The very thin submerged leaf with undulate margins has short petioles.
=Generative characteristics=
The fragrant,Lüder, R. (2008). Grundkurs Pflanzenbestimmung: Eine Praxisanleitung für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene (4th ed.). p. 118. Quelle & Meyer Verlag. solitary, yellow, subglobose, 30–65 mm wide, floatingJanßen, D. (n.d.). Gelbe Teichrose Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Flora Emslandia - Pflanzen Im Emsland. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from http://www.flora-emslandia.de/wildblumen/nymphaeaceae/nuphar/nuphar_lutea.htm or emergent flowersManaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. (n.d.-a). Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Biota of New Zealand. Retrieved December 5, 2024, from https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/scientific-names/1D1A8A4B-28B4-475A-8E85-85B287E17258 have 4–10 mm wide, glabrous to pubescent peduncles. The 5(–6) yellow, broadly ovate to orbicular sepals with a rounded apex are 2–3 cm long. The 11–20 obovate inconspicuous petals with a rounded apex are 7.5–23 mm long. The androecium consists of numerous stamens with 4–7 mm long, yellow anthers. The sulcate, spheroidal pollen grains are 26–50 μm long.Halbritter H., Svojtka M. 2016. Nuphar lutea. In: PalDat - A palynological database. https://www.paldat.org/pub/Nuphar_lutea/302325; accessed 2024-12-05 The gynoecium consists of 5-20 carpels. The stigmatic disk with an entire margin is 7–19 mm wide. The urceolate, green, 2.6–4.5 cm long, and 1.9–3.4 cm wide fruit, which is enclosed in persistent sepals, bears up to 400 ovoid, olive green, 3.5–5 mm long, and 3.5 mm wide seeds.
=Cytology=
Taxonomy
It was first described by Carl Linnaeus as Nymphaea lutea L. in 1753. Later, it was transferred to genus Nuphar Sm. as Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. by James Edward Smith in 1809. It is the type species of its genus.Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-ae). Nuphar Sm. Tropicos. Retrieved March 3, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40029474 It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Nuphar.USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=416165. Accessed 3 March 2025.
=Species delimitation=
Some botanists have treated Nuphar lutea as the sole species in Nuphar, including all the other species in it as subspecies and giving the species a holarctic range,Beal, E. O. (1956). Taxonomic revision of the genus Nuphar Sm. of North America and Europe. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 72: 317–346.{{cite web |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=NULU |title=Plants Profile: Nuphar lutea |work=Natural Resources Conservation Service |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=13 April 2010}} but the genus is now more usually divided into eight species (see Nuphar for details).USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?8319 Nuphar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827124155/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?8319 |date=2009-08-27 }}
=Etymology=
The specific epithet lutea, from the Latin luteus, means yellow.Cyanella lutea subsp. lutea | PlantZAfrica. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2024, from https://pza.sanbi.org/cyanella-lutea-subsp-luteaPassiflora lutea | The Italian Collection of Maurizio Vecchia. (n.d.). Passiflora. Retrieved January 6, 2024, from https://www.passiflora.it/lutea/372/eng/
Ecology
=Habitat=
Habitat for Nuphar lutea ranges widely from moving to stagnant waters of "shallow lakes, ponds, swamps, river and stream margins, canals, ditches, and tidal reaches of freshwater streams"; alkaline to acidic waters; and sea level to mountainous lakes up to 10,000 feet in altitude.{{rp|24}} The species is less tolerant of water pollution than water-lilies in the genus Nymphaea. This aquatic plant grows in shallow water and wetlands, with its roots in the sediment and its leaves floating on the water surface; it can grow in water up to 5 metres deep.Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. {{ISBN|0-340-40170-2}} It is usually found in shallower water than the white water lily, and often in beaver ponds. Since the flooded soils are deficient in oxygen, aerenchyma in the leaves and rhizome transport oxygen from the atmosphere to the rhizome roots. Often there is mass flow from the young leaves into the rhizome, and out through the older leaves.Dacey, J. W. H. (1981). Pressurized ventilation in the yellow water lily. Ecology, 62, 1137–47. This "ventilation mechanism" has become the subject of research because of this species' substantial benefit to the surrounding ecosystem by "exhaling" methane gas from lake sediments.{{cite journal |last1=Dacey |first1=J. W. H. |last2=Klug |first2=M. J. |date=March 23, 1979 |title=Methane Efflux from Lake Sediments Through Water Lilies |journal=Science |volume=203 |issue=4386 |pages=1253–1255 |doi=10.1126/science.203.4386.1253|pmid=17841139 |bibcode=1979Sci...203.1253D |s2cid=8478786 }}
=Herbivory=
Nuphar lutea plant colonies in turn are affected by organisms that graze on its leaves, gnaw on stems, and eat its roots, including turtles, birds, deer, moose, porcupines, and more. The rhizomes are often consumed by muskrats.{{rp|27–29}} The waterlily leaf beetle, Galerucella nymphaeae, spends its entire life cycle around various Nuphar species, exposing leaf tissue to microbial attack and loss of floating ability.{{cite journal |last=Kouki |first=Jari |date=December 1991 |title=The Effect of the Water-lily Beetle, Garerucella nymphaeae, on Leaf Production and Leaf Longevity of the Yellow Water-lily, Nuphar lutea |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1991.tb01402.x |journal=Freshwater Biology |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=347–353 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.1991.tb01402.x |access-date=December 23, 2020}}
With other species in the Nymphaeales order, Nuphar lutea provides habitat for fish and a wide range of aquatic invertebrates, insects, snails, birds, turtles, crayfish, moose, deer, muskrats, porcupine, and beaver in shallow waters along lake, pond, and stream margins across the multiple continents where it is found.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nymphaeales |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Life Sciences |date=February 26, 2003 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}
Distribution and habitat
Conservation status
The IUCN conservation status is Least Concern (LC).
Use
=Horticulture=
=Food=
= Symbolism =
Stylized red leaves of the yellow water lily, known as seeblatts or pompeblêden are used as a symbol of Frisia. The flag of the Dutch province of Friesland features seven pompeblêden.
Stone masons carved forms of the flowers on the roof bosses of Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey, these are thought to encourage celibacy.{{cite book |year=1981 |title=Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain |page=29 |publisher=Reader's Digest |isbn=9780276002175}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://iwgs.org/ The International Waterlily & Water Gardening Society, and Nuphar records]
{{Commons|Nuphar lutea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q146406}}