Nyctaea

In Greek mythology Nyctaea ({{langx|grc|Νυκταία|Nuktaía|nocturnal}}) is a princess featuring in two stories about father-daughter incest, who is eventually turned into an owl by the goddess Athena. Both her tales are preserved in the works of pseudo-Lactantius Placidus, a Latin grammarian of the third century AD.

Etymology

Nyctaea's name is derived from the Greek word {{lang|grc|νύξ}} (genitive {{lang|grc|νυκτός}}) meaning "night".{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1940|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=nu/c νύξ]}} {{lang|grc|Νύξ}} in turn is of Proto-Indo-European origin, from the PIE root *nókʷts, from which 'night' is also descended.{{sfn|Beekes|2010|page=[https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/page/1027/mode/2up?view=theater 1027]}}

Family

Depending on version, Nyctaea is either the daughter of Nycteus (usually a king of Thebes, but here identified as a king of the Aethiopians) or the Argive king Proetus.{{sfn|von Pauly|1971|page=1515}}

Mythology

= Nycteus =

In the first version, Nyctaea harboured an incestuous desire for her father, and confessed her feelings to a nurse, who helped her deceive and trick her father into bedding her by pretending to be some unrelated maiden. When Nycteus found out, he was so enraged he meant to kill Nyctaea, who implored Athena to save her. Athena took her under her protection by changing her into night owl, paralleling the story of Myrrha.Lactantius Placidus, On the Thebaid [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_fYj9nL6HlREC/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater 3.507]{{cite web | first = M. Rosemary | last = Wright | title = A Dictionary of Classical Mythology: Summary of Transformations | website = mythandreligion.upatras.gr | url = http://mythandreligion.upatras.gr/english/__trashed/ | access-date = January 3, 2023 | publisher = University of Patras | archive-date = December 30, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221230130135/http://mythandreligion.upatras.gr/english/__trashed/ | url-status = dead }}

= Proetus =

In another version mentioned by the same author, the Argive princess Nyctaea fled her home in terror so she could escape being raped by her father. Athena took pity in her and transformed her into a night owl, paralleling the story of Nyctimene.{{sfn|Lamprinoudakēs|1971|page=174}}{{sfn|Furter|2021|page=16}}

References

Bibliography

{{cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/mode/ | author-link = Robert S. P. Beekes | last = Beekes | first = Robert S. P. | title = Etymological Dictionary of Greek | location = Leiden, the Netherlands | publisher = Brill Publications | date = 2010 | volume = ΙΙ | isbn = 978-90-04-17419-1 | series = Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series | editor = Lucien van Beek}}
{{cite journal | title = The Greece and Aegean Myth Map | first = Edmond D. | last = Furter| date = 2021 | journal = Stoneprint | volume = 7 | url = https://www.academia.edu/44965793}}
Lactantius Placidus, Lactantii Placidi qui dicitur Commentarios in Statii Thebaida it Commentarium in Achilleida recensuit, translated by Ricahrd Jahnke, 1898, B. G. Tevbneri, Lipsiae.
{{cite book | first = V. K. | title = Mērotraphēs | last = Lamprinoudakēs | publisher = National and Kapodistrian University of Athens | date = 1971 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GHkAAAAAMAAJ | location = Athens, Greece}}
{{cite book | first1 = Henry George | last1 = Liddell | first2 = Robert | last2 = Scott | title = A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie | location = Oxford | publisher = Clarendon Press | date = 1940 | author1-link = Henry Liddell | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist)}} [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057 Online version at Perseus.tufts project.]
{{cite book | title = Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft: Neue Bearbeitung unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen | language = German | volume = 17, part 2 | first = August Friedrich | last = von Pauly | location = Germany | publisher = Druckenmüller Verlag | date = 1971 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PRqKBhztsKgC}}