Obstacle departure procedure
File:Textual obstacle departure procedure from US TPP NE-4.pdf
Obstacle departure procedure (ODP) is a type of departure procedure that provides obstruction clearance via the least onerous route from an airport to an appropriate en-route structure. Pilots can fly ODPs without prior clearance unless assigned a standard instrument departure or radar vectored by air traffic controllers.{{cite book |title=Instrument Flying Handbook |date=2012 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service |edition=FAA-H-8083-15B |url=https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/FAA-H-8083-15B.pdf |chapter=Chapter 10. IFR Flight |pages=5}}
ODPs may be designed using either conventional or area navigation (RNAV) criteria. ODPS can be either graphical or textual; graphical ODPs always note "(OBSTACLE)" in the title.
Development
File:United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures 2018.png
When an airport is being analyzed for designing an instrument approach procedure, an obstacle departure procedure assessment is conducted first. Pass the departure end of the runway, Surveyors establish an obstacle clearance surface (OCS), which is an imaginary surface that rises at a 40:1 ratio under standard conditions, or 152ft per nautical miles. The OCS can rise more steeply if terrain or other obstacles are present. Pass the departure end of the runway at 35ft above ground, if an aircraft can maintain 48ft per nautical mile clearance above the OCS, or maintain a climb rate of 200ft per nautical mile for standard 40:1 ratio OCS, no ODP will be established. Otherwise, an ODP is included with the instrument procedure.{{cite web |title=Obstacle Departure Procedures |url=https://pilotworkshop.com/tips/when-fly-odp/ |website=PilotWorkshops |access-date=14 January 2025 |author=Wally Moran}}
Commonly, ODPs are developed under the assumption that the aircraft will:{{cite web |author1=Neil Singer |title=Obstacle departure procedures |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2013/may/pilot/obstacle-departure-procedures |publisher=AOPA |access-date=14 January 2025 |language=en |date=5 May 2013}}{{cite web |title=IFR Departure - Instrument Proficiency Check Review Guide |url=https://www.faasafety.gov/gslac/alc/course_content.aspx?cID=38&sID=215 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration |access-date=14 January 2025 |language=en}} {{PD-notice}}
- Cross the departure end at least 35 feet above runway departure end elevation;
- Climb to 400 feet above runway departure end elevation before turning;
- Maintain climb gradient > 200 ft per nautical mile until reaching minimum IFR altitude.
Unlike Standard Instrument Departures, ODPs are generally developed for smaller airports.{{cite web |last1=Zimmerman |first1=John |title=It’s time to reform Obstacle Departure Procedures |url=https://airfactsjournal.com/2021/11/its-time-to-reform-obstacle-departure-procedures/ |website=Air Facts Journal |access-date=14 January 2025 |date=8 November 2021}} It is also assumed that all aircraft engines are in normal operation during the climb, as opposed to being a safeguard for twin engine planes with one engine inoperative.{{cite web |author1=Thomas A. Horne |title=On Instruments: Launch rules |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2016/october/pilot/on-instruments-launch-rules |publisher=AOPA |access-date=14 January 2025 |language=en |date=10 January 2016}}