Occupational Depression Inventory

{{Short description|Psychometric tool for assessing the severity of work-related depressive symptoms}}

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| name = Occupational Depression Inventory

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| purpose = to ascertain the severity of work-related depression and arrive at a provisional diagnosis of work-related depression

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The Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI) is a psychometric instrument, the purpose of which is to assess the severity of work-related depressive symptoms and arrive at a provisional diagnosis of depressive disorder.Bianchi, R., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2020). The Occupational Depression Inventory: A new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 138, 110249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110249Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2022). Distress in the workplace: Characterizing the relationship of burnout measures to the Occupational Depression Inventory. International Journal of Stress Management, 29(3), 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000261 The ODI can be used by occupational health specialists and epidemiologists.

Occupational health specialists (e.g., occupational physicians, occupational health psychologists, and clinical psychologists) can employ the instrument to ascertain the extent to which a worker has experienced work-related depressive symptoms. It would then be incumbent upon the specialists to identify and correct the specific job conditions (e.g., work overload, bullying) that give rise to elevations in depressive symptoms.Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2021). From burnout to occupational depression: Recent developments in research on job-related distress and occupational health. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(796401), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.796401 Epidemologists can take advantage of an algorithm that comes with the instrument to ascertain the frequency of provisional cases of work-related depressive disorder.{{Efn|The ODI cannot be used to make a standard diagnosis of depression. The instrument is limited to making a provisional diagnosis based on its algorithm. Only a trained clinician in the context of a standard clinical interview can make that diagnosis.}} Moreover, available evidence indicates that burnout scales have very high correlations with the ODI, correlations that cannot be explained by item content overlap, suggesting that the ODI is a suitable replacement for burnout scales like the MBI.

The original ODI was first published in English and French. Both versions have excellent psychometric properties. Since its inception, psychometrically valid versions of the instrument have become available in other languages, including Spanish,Bianchi, R., Manzano-García, G., Montañés Muro, M. P., Schonfeld, E. A., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2022). Occupational depression in a Spanish-speaking sample: Associations with cognitive performance and work-life characteristics. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology/Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 38(1), 59-74. [https://journals.copmadrid.org/jwop/art/jwop2022a5] Italian,Bianchi, R., Fiorilli, C., Angelini, G., Dozio, N., Palazzi, C., Palazzi, G., Vitiello, B., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2022). Occupational depression in Italy: Associations with health, economic, and work-life characteristics. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 061293. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1061293/full] Brazilian Portuguese,Bianchi, R., Calixto Cavalcante, D., Queirós, C., Menezes Santos, B. D., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2023). Validation of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Brazil: A study of 1,612 civil servants. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 167, 111194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111194 and Swedish.Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Badinlou, F., Lundgren, T., Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2023). Validation of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Sweden. BMC Public Health, 23, 1505. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16417-w"

Validity research on the ODI has been conducted in several countries. These countries include the United States, France, Brazil, Spain, Italy, Switzerland,Bianchi, R., Sowden, J., Verkuilen, J., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2023). Toward a new approach to job-related distress: A three-sample study of the Occupational Depression Inventory. Stress & Health, 39, 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3177 New Zealand, South Africa,Hill, C., de Beer, L. T., & Bianchi, R. (2021). Validation and measurement invariance of the Occupational Depression Inventory in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 16(12), e0261271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261271 Australia,Sowden, J. F., Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2022). Are Australian teachers burned-out or depressed? A confirmatory factor analytic study involving the Occupational Depression Inventory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 157, 110783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110783 and Sweden