Odeon of Pericles

It was first built in 435 BC by Pericles for the musical contests that formed part of the Panathenaea,{{cite book| author=Plutarch| author-link=Plutarch| via= uchicago.edu| url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Pericles*.html#Odeum |title= Pericles| number= 13}} for audiences from the theatre to shelter in case of bad weather and for chorus rehearsals.{{cite book| url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/5*.html#9.1 |author= Marcus Vitruvius Pollio| title= de Architectura| volume= Book V, Section 9| via= uchicago.edu}} Few remains of it now survive, but it seems to have been "adorned with stone pillars" (according to Vitruvius and Plutarch) and square instead of the usual circular shape for an odeon. It was covered with timber made from captured Persian ships, culminating in a square pyramid-like roof resembling a tent. Pausanias wrote that the 1st century BC rebuild of it was "said to be a copy of Xerxes' tent", and that might well have applied to the original building.

Plutarch writes that the original building had many seats and many pillars. Modern excavation work has revealed its foundations as {{cvt|62.40|by|68.60|m}}, and it is now known that the roof was supported by 90 internal pillars, in nine rows of ten.{{cite book| last= Sear | first= Frank | title =Roman théâtres : An architectural study | url= https://archive.org/details/romantheatresarc00sear_402 | url-access= limited | publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 2006 | page= [https://archive.org/details/romantheatresarc00sear_402/page/n430 390]| isbn = 978-0-19-814469-4 }} From a few other passages, and from the scanty remains of such edifices, we may conclude further that it had an orchestra for the chorus and a stage for the musicians (of less depth than the stage of the theatre), behind which were rooms, which were probably used for keeping the dresses and vessels, and ornaments required for religious processions. It required no shifting scenery but its stage's back-wall seems to have been permanently decorated with paintings. For example, Vitruvius writes{{cite book| url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/7*.html#5.5 |author= Marcus Vitruvius Pollio| title= de Architectura| volume= Book VII, Section 5.5| via= uchicago.edu}} that, in the small theatre at Tralleis (which was doubtless an odeon), Apaturius of Alabanda painted the scaena with a composition so fantastic that he was compelled to remove it, and to correct it according to the truth of natural objects.

The original Odeon of Athens was burned down during Sulla's siege of Athens in the First Mithridatic War in 87–86 BC, either by Sulla himself{{cite book| author= Pausanias| url= https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160&layout=&loc=1.20.4 |title= Geography| volume= 1.20.1| via= tufts.edu}} or by his opponent Aristion for fear that Sulla would use its timbers to storm the Acropolis.{{cite book| url= https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/appian/appian_mithridatic_08.html#%A738 |author= Appian| title= Bellum Mithridaticum| volume= 38| via= livius.org}} It was later fully rebuilt by Ariobarzanes II of Cappadocia, using C. and M. Stallius and Menalippus as his architects.Named in inscription IG II², 3426–7. The new building was referred to by Pausanias in the 2nd century AD as "the most magnificent of all the structures of the Greeks".{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xWAPAAAAYAAJ&q=Ariobarzanes+%22Odeon+of+Athens%22&pg=PA116 |title= The Family Minstrel| date= 1 September 1835| page= 116| via= Google Books}} He also refers to a "figure of Dionysus worth seeing" in an odeon in Athens,{{cite book| author= Pausanias| url= https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160;query=chapter%3D%2314;layout=;loc=1.13.1 |title= Geography| volume= 1.14.1| via= tufts.edu}} though he does not specify which odeon.

• List of ancient Greek theatres

{{Reflist|33em}}

• {{cite book| author= Böckh| title= Corp. Inscr. |volume= I | number= 357}}
• {{cite encyclopedia| url = https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Odeum.html |title= Odeum| editor-first= William |editor-last= Smith| encyclopedia= A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities| place= London| publisher= John Murray| year= 1875| via= uchicago.edu}}
• {{in lang|es}} Diccionario enciclopédico popular ilustrado Salvat (1906–1914)

{{SmithDGRA|title=Odeon of Athens}}

{{Coord|37.9706|23.7287|type:landmark_region:GR|display=title}}

{{Acropolis of Athens}}

Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century BC

Category:435 BC

Category:Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens

Category:Acropolis of Athens

Category:Ancient Greek theatres in Greece

Category:Concert halls in Athens

Category:Burned buildings and structures in Greece