Odra (computer)
{{Infobox information appliance
| name = Odra
| logo =
| image = Odra 1304.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Odra model 1304
| developer =
| manufacturer = Elwro
| type = Mainframe computers
| releasedate = {{Start date and age|1959}}
| os = SODA (Odra 1204)
}}
Odra was a line of computers manufactured in Wrocław, Poland. The name comes from the Odra river that flows through the city of Wrocław.
Overview
The production started in 1959–1960. Models 1001, 1002, 1003, 1013, 1103, 1204 were of original Polish construction. Models 1304 and 1305 were functional counterparts of ICL 1905 and 1906 due to software agreement.{{cite web|url=http://itpedia.pl/index.php/ODRA_1305|title=ODRA 1305|accessdate=10 March 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430204648/http://itpedia.pl/index.php/ODRA_1305|archivedate=30 April 2010|url-status=dead}} The last model was 1325 based on two models by ICL.
The computers were built at the Elwro manufacturing plant, which was closed in 1993.
Odra 1002 was capable of only 100–400 operations per second.{{cite book|author=Jadwiga Dutkiewicz|title=MIECZYSŁAW Warmus|publisher=Wollongong|year=2003|translator=Dr. Adam Rustowski|edition=1st|pages=1–149|isbn=0-646-46844-8}}
In 1962, Witold Podgórski, an employee of Elwro, created computer game Marienbad on a prototype of Odra 1003; it was an adaptation of a variant of Nim, as depicted in the film Last Year at Marienbad. The computer could play a perfect game and was guaranteed to win. The game was never distributed outside of the Elwro company, but its versions appeared elsewhere. It was probably the first Polish computer game in history.{{cite book|title=Bajty polskie|last1=Kluska|first1=Bartłomiej|last2=Rozwadowski|first2=Mariusz|language=pl|page=6|year=2011|publisher=Samizdat Orka|location=Łódź|isbn=978-83-927229-1-5}}
The operating system used by the Odra 1204 is called SODA. It was designed to work on a small computer without magnetic storage and
can run simultaneous loading and execution of programs.{{cite journal|title=SODA—A Dual Activity Operating System|author=Władysław M. Turski|journal=The Computer Journal|year=1968|volume=11|issue=2|pages=148–156|doi=10.1093/comjnl/11.2.148|doi-access=free}}
An Odra 1204 computer was used by a team in Leningrad developing an ALGOL 68 compiler in 1976. The Odra 1204 ran the syntax analysis, code generation ran on an IBM System/360.[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/algol68.htm retrieved Wed Jun 22 07:18:41 EST 2011]
Up until 30 April 2010 there was still one Odra 1305 working at the railway station in Wrocław Brochów.{{cite web|url=http://www.wfp.pl/wroclaw-miasto/news.php?id=10004|title=Zabytkowa Odra pracuje na stacji kolejowej|website=Alert24.pl|date=25 April 2008|accessdate=26 April 2008|language=pl|author=Jacek Bomersbach|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530115600/http://www.wfp.pl/wroclaw-miasto/news.php?id=10004|archivedate=30 May 2008|url-status=dead}}{{Failed verification|date=January 2016|reason=article from 2008 can't back up claims about 2010}} The system was shut down at 22:00 CEST{{cite news|url=http://www.computerworld.pl/news/358487/Wylaczono.ostatni.komputer.Odra.w.Polsce.html|title=Wyłączono ostatni komputer Odra w Polsce!|author=Adam Urbanek|website=Computerworld|date=3 May 2010|accessdate=30 May 2017}}{{Failed verification|date=January 2016|reason=article about an Odra in a different city}} and replaced with a contemporary computer system.
The Museum of the History of Computers and Information Technology (Muzeum Historii Komputerów i Informatyki) in Katowice, Poland started a project to recommission an Odra 1305 in 2017.{{cite web|url=http://www.muzeumkomputerow.edu.pl/ekspozycje/Operacja_Thanasis.html|accessdate=30 July 2019|language=pl|title= Operation 'Thanasis'}}
Odra 1001.jpg|Odra model 1001
Elwro, Odra 1001 i konstruktorzy.png|Odra model 1001 development team
Odra 1002, pt. 1 (2232408266).jpg|Odra model 1002
Odra 1003.jpg|Odra model 1003
Elwro Odra 1003.jpg|Odra model 1003
Odra 1013 system, pt. 1 (2232422120).jpg|Odra model 1013
Odra 1103.jpg|Odra model 1103
Odra 1204_1.jpg|Odra model 1204
Odra_1304,_GUS_(I197402).jpg|Odra model 1304
Komputer ODRA 1304.jpg|Odra model 1304
Odra 1305 jednostka centralna.jpg|Odra model 1305
SYSTEM ODRA 1305.jpg|Odra model 1305
Odra 1325 (I197302).jpg|Odra model 1325
Literature
- {{Cite book|author=Bronisław Obirek|title=Maszyny analityczne organizacja zmechanizowanego obrachunku|year=1970|publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowo Techniczne, Warsaw}}
See also
{{Commons category|Odra (computers)}}