Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence

The Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence provides information to the Secretary of Energy and other senior federal policymakers. A member of the United States Intelligence Community,{{cite web |url=https://www.dni.gov/index.php/what-we-do/members-of-the-ic |title=Members of the IC |website=dni.gov |publisher=Director of National Intelligence |access-date=May 28, 2021}} it contributes unique scientific and technical analysis capabilities with a specialty in energy security.{{cite web |url=https://www.intelligence.gov/index.php/how-the-ic-works/our-organizations/419-doe-office-of-intelligence-and-counterintelligence |title=Dept. of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence |website=intelligence.gov |publisher=United States Intelligence Community |access-date=May 28, 2021}} The office protects information and technology vital to both the U.S. economy and national security, leveraging its specific expertise in nuclear weapons, proliferation, energy, and waste.

OICI is responsible for all intelligence and counterintelligence functions of the Department of Energy complex, including the national laboratories and nuclear weapons construction, decommissioning, assembling, storage, etc. facilities not under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Defense (the DoE and DoD share responsibility for the United States' nuclear stockpile). In its counterintelligence role, the office safeguards intellectual property in the form of national security information and technologies and protects Department of Energy employees and scientific staff. In its intelligence role, the office utilizes the Department of Energy's scientific and technical expertise to provide guidance to policymakers concerning, in addition to energy security, the national security areas of defense, homeland security, cybersecurity, and intelligence.

OICI's intelligence analysis focuses on Department-relevant fields, such as foreign nuclear weapons and fuel cycle programs, nuclear material security and nuclear terrorism, counterintelligence issues, energy security, cyber intelligence, and strategic science and technology. OICI's counterintelligence focuses on fostering threat awareness within the DOE complex (the Department itself plus the national laboratories and DOE contractors), analyzing threats to better protect DOE assets from foreign intelligence and terrorism, evaluating insiders and foreign visitors for espionage risks, and investigating cyber threats, terrorism, and espionage.

OICI's cyberspace expertise, including basic research, cyber threat analysis, information technology, supercomputing, and cybersecurity, is extended to the nuclear weapons enterprise and electrical grid providers for defense against cyberattacks and supply chain attacks.

OICI is a component of both the Energy Department and Intelligence Community.

The director of OICI (D/OICI) is selected by the Energy Secretary with the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The Secretary and DNI similarly consult on the director's removal, though statute specifies the President may ignore such consultations at will.{{cite web |url=https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title50/chapter44&edition=prelim |title=50 USC Ch. 44: NATIONAL SECURITY From Title 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE |website=uscode.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=July 12, 2021}}

Under U.S. law, the director must be substantially experienced in intelligence affairs and come from the Senior Executive Service or its intelligence agency equivalents, some of which require the concurrence of the DNI.{{cite web |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7144b |title=42 U.S. Code § 7144b. Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence |website=law.cornell.edu |publisher=Cornell University |access-date=July 9, 2021}}

The director is assisted by a principal deputy director and at least two deputy directors, one of which is the deputy director for counterintelligence.{{cite web |url=https://www.intelligence.gov/assets/documents/702%20Documents/oversight/DOE_ICPG_107_1_Unmasking_Procedures_012919OCR.pdf |title=IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY POLICY GUIDANCE 107.1, REQUESTS FOR IDENTITIES OF U.S. PERSONS IN DISSEMINATED INTELLIGENCE REPORTS |department=U.S. Department of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence |publisher=intelligence.gov |access-date=August 13, 2022}} OICI also includes a Director of Security{{cite web |url=https://www.directives.doe.gov/delegations-documents/020.001-01 |title=020.01-01, Delegation Order No. 00-020.01-01 to Director, Security Office of Intelligence & Counterintelligence for Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority |website=directives.doe.gov |publisher=USDOE |access-date=July 12, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.cisa.gov/kerry-stewart |title=Kerry Stewart |website=cisa.gov |publisher=Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency |access-date=July 12, 2021}} and deputy director of the interagency Nuclear Materials Information Program (NMIP).

The director of OICI is a member of the National Intelligence Board{{cite act | url = https://fas.org/irp/dni/icd/icd-202.pdf | title = Intelligence Community Directive Number 202 | legislature = N/A | date = July 16, 2007 | type = Directive}} and program manager for DOE's National Intelligence Program (NIP) funds. Since June 2019, OICI directors have also been charged which determining which foreign government-sponsored talent recruitment programs (e.g. Thousand Talents Plan) pose intellectual property and espionage threats. Foreign governments deemed to be "of risk" will have American DOE/NNSA researchers and contractors barred from participation.{{cite news |last=Sobczak |first=Blake |date=June 11, 2019 |title=With eye on China, DOE curbs foreign talent recruitment |url=https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060543407/ |work=E&E News |access-date=July 12, 2021}}

The office's first director was former CIA officer Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, who joined DoE in November 2005.{{cite web |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/2docs/34DOE-OIG-ClosingMemos_2007-2008Updt.pdf |title=Closing Memoranda and Final Reports for 34 Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Inspector General (OIG) Investigations, 2007-2008 |website=Government Attic |publisher=governmentattic.org |access-date=July 12, 2021}}{{cite book |url=https://bookshop.org/books/a-state-of-mind-faith-and-the-cia/9781098308599 |title=A State of Mind: Faith and the CIA |website=bookshop.org |date=June 2020 |publisher=Bookshop |isbn=9781098308599 |access-date=July 12, 2021}} Larssen served as director for three years before joining Harvard's Belfer Center in 2009.{{cite web |url=https://www.belfercenter.org/person/rolf-mowatt-larssen |title=Rolf Mowatt-Larssen |website=belfercenter.org |publisher=Belfer Center |access-date=July 12, 2021}}

From 2007-2010, Carol Dumaine, another ex-CIA officer, served as Deputy Director for Energy and Environmental Security.{{cite web |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/expert/carol-dumaine/ |title=Carol Dumaine |publisher=Atlantic Council |access-date=July 16, 2022}}

Former CIA officer and intelligence author Edward Bruce Held occupied the office of director beginning at least September 2012.{{cite web |url=https://inmenlo.com/2012/09/04/exploits-of-real-life-james-bond-explored-at-slac-colloquium-on-sept-6/ |title=Exploits of real life James Bond explored at SLAC Colloquium on Sept. 6 |website=inmenlo.com |date=September 5, 2012 |publisher=InMenlo |access-date=July 12, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.energy.gov/contributors/edward-bruce-held |title=Edward Bruce Held |website=energy.gov |publisher=Department of Energy |access-date=July 12, 2021}} Charles K. Durant served as Held's Deputy Director for Counterintelligence and Eric Jackson as Director for Security.{{cite letter |first=Charles K. |last=Durant |recipient=Eric Jackson |subject=Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority |language=English |date=February 26, 2015 |url=https://www.directives.doe.gov/delegations-documents/020.001-01/@@images/file |access-date=July 12, 2021}}

Held was succeeded as director on March 8, 2013 by Principal Deputy Director Steven K. Black,{{cite letter |first=Steven K. |last=Black |recipient=Charles Durant |subject=Delegation of Access Determination Approval Authority |language=English |date=February 16, 2015 |url=https://www.directives.doe.gov/delegations-documents/020.001-01/@@images/file |access-date=July 12, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.directives.doe.gov/delegations-documents/020.001 |title=020.01, Delegation Order No. 00-020.01 to Deputy Director for Counterintelligence Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence for Delegation Access Determination Approval Authority |website=directives.doe.gov |publisher=USDOE |access-date=July 9, 2021}} who still held the position as of September 2021.{{cite report |author=Michael E. DeVine |date=September 20, 2021 |title=U.S. Intelligence Community (IC): Appointment Dates and Appointment Legal Provisions for Selected IC Leadership |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/intel/IF10538.pdf |publisher=Congressional Research Service |page=1 |access-date=August 13, 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/oha/FOIA/FIA-12-0030.pdf |title=USDOE Office of Hearings and Appeals: In the Matter of Ryan Noah Shapiro Case No. FIA-12-0030 |website=United States Department of Energy |publisher=energy.gov |access-date=August 14, 2022}}

The current deputy director of the Nuclear Materials Information Program is Drew Nickels.{{cite news |last=Aftergood |first=Steven |date=May 8, 2008 |title=Program Tracks Nuclear Materials Worldwide |url=https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2008/05/program_tracks_nuc/ |work=Federation of American Scientists |access-date=August 13, 2022}} Current Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency chief security officer Kerry Stewart is a former director of security for OICI.

OICI is divided into at least five directorates:

• Intelligence Directorate: Assesses the capabilities, intentions, and activities of foreign powers, organizations, and persons who may be targeting the Department of Energy for espionage.
• Counterintelligence Directorate: Protects the Department of Energy and National Nuclear Security Administration from espionage and terrorism.
• Management Directorate: Houses support activities for the other two directorates, including human resource services, contract support, and facility planning.{{cite report |author=Alfred Cumming |date=September 25, 2009 |title=Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL34595.pdf |publisher=Congressional Research Service |access-date=July 11, 2021}}
• Energy and Environmental Security Directorate: Examines the impact of certain energy and environmental issues on U.S. national security, created in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.{{cite journal |last1=Briggs |first1=Chad Michael |date=September 2012 |title=Climate security, risk assessment and military planning |journal=International Affairs |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=1049–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01118.x |jstor=23325016 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23325016}}
• Cyber Intelligence Directorate: Includes the Cyber Special Programs Division.{{cite web |url=https://nationalsecurity.gmu.edu/karen-kraybill/ |title=Karen Kraybill |publisher=George Mason University |access-date=July 16, 2022}}

A Cyber Directorate may also exist, as evidenced by OICI's Deputy Director for Cyber.{{cite news |last=Rockwell |first=Mark |date=February 13, 2020 |title=Evans out at Energy Department |url=https://fcw.com/articles/2020/02/13/karen-evans-out-at-doe.aspx |work=Federal Computer Week |access-date=July 12, 2021}} Other internal structures include OICI's Security Office, the interagency Nuclear Materials Information Program (NMIP), the Foreign Nuclear Programs Division (FNP), and the Cyber Special Programs Division.

OICI's lead individual for climate and environmental security analysis is a member of the Climate Security Advisory Council convened by the Director of National Intelligence and set to disband on December 20, 2023.

On February 25, 2016, an OICI employee was arrested for solicitation of prostitution in Washington, D.C. The employee arranged for escort services while working at OICI headquarters inside a sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF) using his Department email address. The incident was investigated by the Department of Energy's Office of Inspector General (DOE OIG).{{cite web |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/29docs/32DOE-IGinvsClosingDocs_2000-2017.pdf |title=Closing documents for 32 closed Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigations, 2000-2017 |website=Government Attic |publisher=governmentattic.org |access-date=July 11, 2021}}

In a September 2008 letter to then-Chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce John Dingell, longtime counterintelligence agent and senior Energy Department counterintelligence official Terry D. Turchie strongly condemned the then-new Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence and its director Mowatt-Larssen, crediting "the dangerously chaotic state of counterintelligence within DOE" for his (Turchie's) resignation.

Much of Turchie's criticism focused on his perception that the new Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence was "restructuring around intelligence collection and away from sound counterintelligence principles" with "potentially catastrophic consequences;" for this, Turchie faulted Mowatt-Larssen, a former CIA officer he described as "intent on the primacy of intelligence over counterintelligence." He also criticized Mowatt-Larssen for alleged "purge[s]" of highly qualified counterintelligence officials for "dar[ing to] challenge [his] changes based on their concern for the rule of law or the dramatic and disastrous impact his changes would have had on DOE counterintelligence overall."{{cite letter |first=Terry D. |last=Turchie |recipient=John D. Dingell |subject=None |language=English |date=September 1, 2008 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/investigative/documents/Turchie-Letter.PDF |access-date=July 12, 2021}}

{{Portal|Energy}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.energy.gov/nationalsecurity/intelligence_counterterrorism.htm DOE – Office of Intelligence]

• [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33355.pdf Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy]
• [https://fas.org/irp/congress/1992_hr/h920311q.htm Office of Intelligence Appropriations Hearings]

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