Official scripts of India

{{Short description|Officially mandated writing systems in India}}

{{Contains special characters}}

There are several official scripts of India, which are either used officially by the Union government or by the state governments. The official languages of the Indian Union are Hindi and English, whereas the Devanagari script is used to write Hindi and the Latin script is used for English. Alongside, the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists languages that are officially recognised by the Indian government.{{cite web |title=Eighth Schedule |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/S8.pdf |access-date=5 December 2023 |publisher=Government of India}} However, the state legislatures are free to adopt by law any languages as official ones.{{Cite web |title=CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI |url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/constitutional-provisions |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=rajbhasha.gov.in}}{{Cite web |title=India: Official Languages Act |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/about-us/official-languages-bilingualism-institute/clmc/international-perspective/canadian-bilingualism/india-official-languages-act#:~:text=Accordingly,%20in%201963%20the%20Federal,choose%20their%20own%20official%20languages. |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=About us |language=en}}

Devanagari script

The Constitution of India says:

{{Blockquote|The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.|Part XVII of the Indian Constitution{{cite web|title=Sequence of events with reference to official language of the Union |url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/IIContent.aspx?t=enevents8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802071514/http://rajbhasha.nic.in/IIContent.aspx?t=enevents |archive-date=2 August 2011 |url-status=dead}}}}

Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=26 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016}}

Gujarat{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/4501/1/officiallanguages.pdf |title=The Gujarat Official Languages Act, 1960 |publisher=indiacode.nic.in |year=1961 |access-date=21 December 2022 }}{{Cite book |last=Benedikter |first=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpZv2GHM7VQC&pg=PA89 |title=Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-643-10231-7 |page=89 |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425230812/https://books.google.com/books?id=vpZv2GHM7VQC&pg=PA89 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live}} and West Bengal also officially use Devanagari, as these two states recognise Hindi as an additional official language.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp |title=Multi-lingual Bengal |date=11 December 2012 |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232340/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121211/jsp/bengal/story_16301872.jsp |archive-date=25 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}

The Devanagari script ({{Script|Deva|देवनागरी}}, romanized: Devanāgarī) is the officially mandated script of the Bodo language in Assam,{{cite web |title=The Assam Official Language Act, 1960 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/19560 |website=India Code |publisher=Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India |access-date=28 February 2024}} the Konkani language in Goa,{{cite web|url=http://www.daman.nic.in/acts-rules%5CHindi-department%5Cdocuments/Official%20Language%20Act.pdf|title=The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987|date=19 December 1987|website=U.T. Administration of Daman & Diu|access-date=26 December 2014}} and Sanskrit in Himachal Pradesh.{{cite web |title=The Himachal Pradesh Official Language Act, 1975 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/5711 |website=India Code |publisher=Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India}}

Gurmukhi script

{{Distinguish||text=Shahmukhi, the Punjabi script used in Punjab, Pakistan}}

The Gurmukhi script ({{langx|pa|{{script|Guru|ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ}}}}) is the official script for the Punjabi language in Punjab,{{Cite web |title=Punjab Official Languages Act, 1967 |url=https://www.bareactslive.com/Pun/PU449.HTM?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=www.bareactslive.com}} and Delhi.{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/2003Delhi8 |title=The Delhi Official Language Act, 2000 |language=English}}

Meitei script

The Meitei script ({{langx|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ}}|Meitei mayek}}) is the officially mandated script for the Meitei language of Manipur,{{Cite web | title=The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021 | url=https://manipurgovtpress.nic.in/en/details_gazzete/?gazette=658 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=manipurgovtpress.nic.in}} replacing the Bengali script, albeit with some allowance for parallel use.

Telugu Script

The Telugu script (Telugu: తెలుగు లిపి, romanized: Telugu lipi) is the official script for the Telugu language in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Union Territory Puducherry.

Tamil Script

The Tamil script ({{Langx|ta|தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி|Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi}}) is the official script for the Tamil language in Tamil Nadu{{cite web |title=The Tamil Nadu Official Language Act, 1956 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/tamil_nadu/1956/1956TN39.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216072926/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/tamil_nadu/1956/1956TN39.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2016 |access-date=2018-08-09}} and Union Territory Puducherry.{{cite web |title=The Pondicherry Official Languages Act, 1965 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/puducherry/1965/1965Pondicherry3.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911084318/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/puducherry/1965/1965Pondicherry3.pdf |archive-date=September 11, 2014 |access-date=2018-08-09}} Although there is no explicit legal provision defining the Tamil script as the official script, it is implicitly recognised as such since it is used in the formulation of laws and official documents.

See also

References

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