Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Ohkay Owingeh
(San Juan Pueblo)

| nrhp_type = hd

| image = San Juan Bautista Church at Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo.JPG

| caption = San Juan Bautista Church

| coordinates = {{coord|36|3|15|N|106|4|13|W|display=inline,title|region:US-NM}}

| locmapin = New Mexico#USA

| area = {{convert|16.2|acre}}

| built = {{Start date|1540}}

| added = July 30, 1974

| refnum = 74001201{{NRISref|version=2010a}}

| nocat = yes

| designated_other1 = New Mexico

| designated_other1_date = July 28, 1972

| designated_other1_number = [http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/registers/2012%20Report_%20Section%203_%20Arranged%20by%20Number.pdf 254]

| designated_other1_num_position = bottom

| nearest_city = Española, New Mexico

}}

File:CEX D392 The Tewa pueblo of Ohke or, San Juan.jpg

Ohkay Owingeh ({{langx|tew|Ohkwee Ówîngeh}}, {{IPA|tew|ʔòhkèː ʔówĩ̂ŋgè|pron}}),{{cite web |title=Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico |url=https://narf.org/nill/tribes/ohkay_owingeh.html |publisher=National Indian Law Library |access-date=15 March 2021}} known by its Spanish name as San Juan Pueblo from 1598 to 2005, is a pueblo in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as a census-designated place (CDP). Ohkay Owingeh is also the federally recognized tribe of Pueblo people inhabiting the town.

Name

Ohkay Owingeh was previously known as San Juan Pueblo until returning to its pre-Spanish name in November 2005.{{cite web|url=http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/35039.html |title=Pueblo's name predates arrival of Oñate |work=The Santa Fe New Mexican |date=2005-11-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228223959/http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/35039.html |archive-date=February 28, 2006 }} The Tewa name of the pueblo means "place of the strong people".{{cite web | title = Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) | url = http://www.dancingfromtheheart-movie.com/ohkay.shtml | work = Dancing from the Heart| publisher = Mother Earth Productions, LLC}}

Ohkay Owingeh has the ZIP code 87566 and the U.S. Postal Service prefers that name for addressing mail, but accepts the alternative name San Juan Pueblo.[https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=2&postalCode=87566 "87566"]. Look Up a ZIP Code. U.S. Postal Service. Retrieved December 21, 2011.

The community was also formally known as the San Juan Indian Reservation.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Geography

Its elevation is {{convert|5663|ft}} and it is located at {{Coord|36|03|12|N|106|04|08|W|region:US-NM_type:city_source:GNIS|display=inline}}.{{cite gnis|2408978|Ohkay Owingeh|2009-07-19}} One of its boundaries is contiguous with Española, about {{convert|25|mi|km}} north of Santa Fe.

History

The pueblo was founded around 1200 AD during the Pueblo III Era. By tradition, the Tewa people moved here from the north, perhaps from the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado, part of a great migration spanning into the Pueblo IV Era.{{cite web | url = http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=510 | title = Ohkay Owingeh | author = Wroth, William H | publisher = New Mexico Office of the State Historian | access-date = 2008-08-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515104632/http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=510 | archive-date = 2008-05-15 | url-status = dead }}

=Spanish colonial capital=

In March 1598, conquistador Oñate traveled north from Nueva Galicia accompanied by a caravan of Catholic missionaries, a thousand soldiers, colonists, and Tlaxcalans. The expedition included cattle, sheep, goats, oxen, and horses, and arrived at Yungeh (place of the mockingbird) in present-day Ohkay Owingeh on July 11, 1598.{{cite web |url= http://greenfiretimes.com/2014/08/remembering-400-years-of-exile/#.VaAazvlVhBc |title= Remembering 400 Years of Exile |author= Matthew J. Martinez }}

It was recorded that the people who met him that day were hospitable and offered Yuque Yunque pueblo as guest quarters to Oñate and his party.{{cite web |title=Parish of San Juan Batista and Tewa Missions |url=https://www.sanjuanandtewa.com/history |access-date=15 March 2021}} On July 12, 1598, he baptized and renamed Caypa pueblo (present-day Ohkay Owingeh) San Juan de los Caballeros, after his patron saint John the Baptist. San Juan de los Caballeros became the first capital of the New Spanish region of Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico.{{cite web | url = http://www.nmmagazine.com/native_american/san_juan.php | title = San Juan Pueblo | work = New Mexico Magazine | access-date = 2009-07-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090105162531/http://www.nmmagazine.com./native_american/san_juan.php | archive-date = 2009-01-05 | url-status = dead }} In local history, it is said the event united the two fragmented families of Caypa and Yuque Yunque. Since their arrival from earlier homelands in the northwest, the two pueblos had been divided by the river, split until the expedition party's arrival. When the community offered Yuque Yunque pueblo on the west bank to Oñate, the two fragmented pueblos were made whole again at Caypa.{{cite web|url=http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/swetc/spmc/body.1_div.24.html|title=San Juan|first=BY L. BRADFORD PRINCE, LL.D. President of the Historical Society of New Mexico: President of the Society for the Preservation of Spanish Antiquities: Vice President of the National Historical Society: Hon. Member of the American Numismatic and Archéological Society: Hon. Member of the Missouri Historical Society; of the Kansas Historical Society; of the Wisconsin Historical Society: Cor. Member of the Texas Historical Society, and Minnesota Historical Society: Trustee of the Church Historical Society, Etc.|last=Etc.|website=www.library.arizona.edu|access-date=23 April 2018}} The Spanish capital would be moved in 1610 to La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís.

Popé was a local man who rose to be one of the most regarded leaders of American Indian history.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} He would play a major role in the Pueblo Revolt in 1680.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

= Modern era =

Ohkay Owingeh is the headquarters of the Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council, and the pueblo people are from the Tewa ethnic group of American Indians. It is one of the largest Tewa-speaking pueblos.[https://www.newmexico.org/places-to-go/native-culture/ohkay-owingeh-pueblo/ "Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo"]. New Mexico, Land of Enchantment. New Mexico Tourism Department. Retrieved March 15, 2014.

The annual Pueblo Feast Day is June 24. For all pueblos, the actual feast day includes a Catholic mass that is held in the morning. Because of historical relations with the Catholic Church, all pueblos have a church located near the center of the village. Most Pueblo people practice aspects of both the Catholic religion and Pueblo belief systems.{{cite web | url = http://greenfiretimes.com/2014/06/pueblo-feast-days/#.VaAeVvlVhBc | title = Pueblo Feast Days | work = Matthew J. Martinez }} The tribe owns the Ohkay Casino and the Oke-Oweenge Crafts Cooperative, which showcases redware pottery, weaving, painting, and other artwork from the eight northern pueblos.

Demographics

{{As of|2017}}, 1,480 people were estimated to be living in the CDP,{{Cite web

| url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Ohkay%20Owingeh%20CDP%20&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&g=1600000US3553150&vintage=2017&layer=place&cid=DP05_0001E&lastDisplayedRow=15

| title= Ohkay Owingeh CDP

| last= U.S. Census Bureau

| date= 2017

| website= United States Census Bureau

| access-date= October 28, 2019

}} with 6,690 in the surrounding Census County Division.{{Cite web

| url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Ohkay%20Owingeh%20CCD&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&g=0600000US3503992295&vintage=2017&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=countysubdivision&lastDisplayedRow=15

| title= Ohkay Owingeh CCD

| last= U.S. Census Bureau

| date= 2017

| website= United States Census Bureau

| access-date= October 28, 2019

}} The 2010 census found that 1,522 people in the U.S. described themselves as exclusively Ohkay Owingeh

Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF)

- Sample Data,

Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico (San Juan Pueblo) alone

(H53)

and 1,770 as Ohkay Owingeh exclusively or in combination with another group.

Census 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File (AIANSF)

- Sample Data, Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico (San Juan Pueblo) alone

(H53) & (100–299) or (300, A01–Z99) or (400–999)

Education

It is in the Española Public Schools district.{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35039_rio_arriba/DC20SD_C35039.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Rio Arriba County, NM|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2021-07-30}} The comprehensive public high school is Española Valley High School.

Notable natives

Emiliano Abeyta, painter
Juan B. Aquino, painter
Robert Aquino, painter
Lorencita Atencio, painter and textile artist
Joe A. Garcia, tribal governor (1995–2006) and head councilman (2009–2023){{Cite news |date=May 15, 2023 |title=Native leader and advocate Joe Garcia dies at 70 |work=Indian Country Today |agency=Associated Press |url=https://ictnews.org/news/native-leader-and-advocate-joe-garcia-dies-at-70 |access-date=2023-05-17}}
Rose Gonzales, potter
Evelina Zuni Lucero, writer
Esther Martinez, linguist and storyteller
Popé, Tewa leader of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680
Alfonso Ortiz, professor and cultural anthropologist
Leonidas Tapia, potter

References

External links

[http://ohkay.org/ Ohkay Owingeh]
[http://oocsorg0000.web803.discountasp.net/ Ohkay Owingeh Dept. of Education]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006013618/http://newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.php?fileID=510 History of Ohkay Owingeh]
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/larry1732/sets/72157632342770307 Los Matachines at Ohkay Owingeh], photo gallery
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100323145107/http://www.indianpueblo.org/19pueblos/ohkayowingeh.html Ohkay Owingeh], Indian Pueblo Cultural Center
[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amsw/sw41.htm San Juan Pueblo] at National Park Service
[http://www.clayhound.us/sites/sanjuan.htm San Juan pottery], photo gallery