Old Survivor
{{Short description|Last living old-growth coastal redwood in the Berkeley Hills of California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox tree
|name = Old Survivor
|image = Old Survivor.jpg
|image_size = 200
|image_caption =
|map = California
|map_size = 200
|relief = 1
|species = Coast redwood
|binomial = Sequoia sempervirens
|coordinates = {{Coord|37.7928|-122.1748|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
|height = {{Convert|250|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{Convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|volume =
|seeded = 1549-1554
}}
Old Survivor, also known as the Grandfather Tree, is the last remaining old-growth coastal redwood of the East Bay Redwoods that once populated the Oakland Hills in California.
Description
Old Survivor has a unique shaggy appearance with several large branches drooping outward from its sparse upper crown. The tree is much taller than the surrounding trees, all of which are second growth. Despite its name, the tree, which dates to 1549–1554, is actually young for an old-growth coastal redwood, many of which live between 1200 and 1800 years old or more.{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/seki/stagner/sec2.htm |title=Sequoia gigantea is of an ancient and distinguished family |publisher=Nps.gov |date=2007-02-02 |access-date=2012-08-07}} Between 7-12 years before Old Survivor was seeded, Spanish/Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo had led the first expedition to explore the coast of what is now California.{{Cite book|title=Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo|last=Kelsey|first=Harry|publisher=San Marino: The Huntington Library|year=1986|isbn=|location=|pages=145–55}}
The tree can be observed at a distance from the York Trail of Leona Heights Park, or from the parking lot of Carl B. Munck Elementary School where there is a plaque detailing the tree's statistics and history.
History
From 1845 to 1860, logging of the coastal redwoods in the area for their valuable timber wiped out much of the dense coastal redwood forest that once populated the Oakland Hills of East Bay. A second wave of logging following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake further contributed to the forest's destruction, leaving only a few scattered pockets of old-growth redwoods left in the entirety of East Bay. Old Survivor's location on an exceptionally steep and rocky slope beside Horseshoe Creek made it unprofitable to log, and thus the tree was spared the fate of its neighbors. {{cite magazine |title=Old Giants: The Last Days of Oakland's Redwoods |author=Sylvia Linsteadt |date=January 1, 2017 |url=https://baynature.org/article/old-giants-last-days-oaklands-redwoods/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 }}
In 1916, the land where the tree stands was purchased by the city of Oakland in order to preserve the remaining redwoods in the area.{{Cite web|date=2018-10-04|title='Old Survivor' film documents Oakland's last original redwood|url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2018/10/04/old-survivor-film-documents-oaklands-last-original-redwood/|access-date=2019-11-05|website=East Bay Times|language=en-US}}
The tree was rediscovered in 1969 by Oakland Parks naturalist Paul Covel in what was then McCrea Memorial Park (today called Leona Heights Park). A core ring count at the time made by Glen Strouse at Humboldt State University estimated the tree's age to be between 415 and 420 years old relative to 1969.{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/EAST-BAY-The-Grandfather-of-Oakland-s-redwoods-2491122.php#photo-2653344|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|first=Jim|last=Herron Zamora|date=August 14, 2006|title=The 'Grandfather' of Oakland's redwoods}}{{Cite web|url=https://localwiki.org/oakland/Old_Survivor_Redwood_Tree/_files/Oakland%20Rewdoods%20-%20Old%20Survivor%20artticle%20(1969).jpg/_info/|title=Information about "Oakland Rewdoods - Old Survivor artticle (1969).jpg" on old survivor redwood tree - Oakland - LocalWiki|website=localwiki.org|access-date=2019-11-05}}
Old Survivor was designated a City of Oakland Historic Landmark on June 24, 1980.{{Cite web|url=http://www2.oaklandnet.com/government/o/PBN/OurServices/Historic/DOWD009012|title=List of Designated Landmarks {{!}} Historic Preservation {{!}} City of Oakland {{!}} California|website=www2.oaklandnet.com|access-date=2019-11-05}}
In 2018, the documentary film Old Survivor celebrated the tree and reflected back on the history of Oakland's coastal redwood forests.{{Cite web|url=https://www.savetheredwoods.org/blog/old-survivor-documentary-a-celebration-of-oaklands-redwoods/|title=Old Survivor Documentary: A Celebration of Oakland's Redwoods|date=2018-10-10|website=Save the Redwoods League|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://oaklandtrails.org/old-survivor/|title=Old Survivor Film Project – OaklandTrails.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}