Oluʼbo language
{{Short description|Central Sudanic language of Southern Sudan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Olu{{hamza}}bo
|nativename={{lang|lul|Lolubo}}
|states=South Sudan
|ethnicity=Olu{{hamza}}bo
|speakers= {{sigfig|33,000|2}}
|date=2017
|ref=e25
|script=Latin
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=Central Sudanic
|fam3=Eastern
|fam4=Moru–Madi
|fam5=Southern Madi
|iso3=lul
|glotto=olub1238
|glottorefname=Olu'bo
}}
Olu{{hamza}}bo or Lolubo is a Central Sudanic language spoken by 33,000 Olu{{hamza}}bo people in Southern Sudan.
Phonology
=Consonants=
| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+Consonants{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=45}} !colspan=2| !! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post- | |
| colspan=2|Implosive
| {{IPAlink|ɓ}} || || {{IPAlink|ɗ}} || || || {{IPAlink|ʄ}} || || || | |
|---|---|
| rowspan=3|Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless
| {{IPAlink|p}} || {{IPAlink|t̪}} || || {{IPAlink|tʃ}} || {{IPAlink|ʈ}} || || {{IPAlink|k}} || {{IPAlink|kp}} || {{IPAlink|ʔ}} |
| voiced
| {{IPAlink|b}} || {{IPAlink|d̪}} || || {{IPAlink|dʒ}} || {{IPAlink|ɖ}} || || {{IPAlink|g}} || {{IPAlink|gb}} || | |
| prenasalized
| {{IPAlink|ᵐb}} || {{IPAlink|ⁿd̪}} || || {{IPAlink|ⁿdʒ}} || {{IPAlink|ᶯɖ}} || || {{IPAlink|ᵑg}} || {{IPAlink|ᵑᵐgb}} || | |
| rowspan=2|Fricative | voiceless
| {{IPAlink|f}} || || {{IPAlink|s}} || || || || || || |
| voiced
| {{IPAlink|v}} || || {{IPAlink|z}} || || || || || || | |
| colspan=2|Approximant
| || || {{IPAlink|l}} || || || {{IPAlink|j}} || || {{IPAlink|w}} || |
=Vowels=
| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+Vowels{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=40}} ! Close | {{IPAlink|i}} | {{IPAlink|u}} |
| Near-close
| {{IPAlink|ɪ}} || {{IPAlink|ʊ}} | |
|---|---|
| Close-mid
| {{IPAlink|e}} || {{IPAlink|o}} | |
| Open-mid
| {{IPAlink|ɛ}} || {{IPAlink|ɔ}} | |
| Open
| {{IPAlink|a}} || |
Vowels form two vowel harmony sets, based on advanced and retracted tongue root. The [-ATR] group is {{IPA|/ɪ, ɛ, ɔ, ʊ/}}, and the [+ATR] group is {{IPA|/i, e, o, u/}}.{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=40}} {{IPAslink|a}} is phonetically [-ATR] but is found in roots of both sets.{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=41}}
There is a tenth vowel quality {{IPAblink|ɤ}}, which only occurs after {{IPAslink|u}}. When {{IPAslink|u}} and {{IPAblink|ɤ}} are in separate morphemes, {{IPAblink|ɤ}} is in free variation with {{IPAblink|o}}.{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=44}}
=Tones=
Olu{{hamza}}bo has high {{IPAslink|˦}}, mid {{IPAslink|˧}}, and low {{IPAslink|˨}} tones.There are also six compound tones, low-mid {{IPAslink|˨˧}}, low-high {{IPAslink|˨˦}}, mid-low {{IPAslink|˧˨}}, mid-high {{IPAslink|˧˦}}, high-low {{IPAslink|˦˨}}, and high-mid {{IPAslink|˦˧}}.{{sfn|Andersen|1987|p=48}}
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{cite journal |last=Andersen |first=Torben |year=1987 |title=An outline of Lulubo phonology |journal=Studies in African Linguistics |volume=18 |pages=39–65|doi=10.32473/sal.v18i1.107478 }}
{{Languages of South Sudan}}
{{Central Sudanic languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Olu'bo language}}
Category:Languages of South Sudan
{{SouthSudan-stub}}
{{ns-lang-stub}}