Omkarnath Thakur
{{Short description|Indian musical artist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Omkarnath Thakur
| image = Omkarnath Thakur 1997 stamp of India.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Pandit Omkarnath Thakur
| image_size =
| honorific_prefix = Pandit
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Omkarnath thakur
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1897|06|24}}{{cite web |title=AIR Archives: Pt Omkarnath Thakur |url=http://prasarbharati.gov.in/Archives/AIR+Archives/Pt+Omkarnath+Thakur.htm |publisher=Prasar Bharati }}
| birth_place = Jahaj, Khambhat (Gujarat) Baroda State, Bombay Presidency, British India (present-day Gujarat, India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1967|12|29|1897|06|24}}
| death_place = Bombay, Maharashtra, India (present-day Mumbai)
| origin =
| occupations = Professor, musicologist, composer
| instruments = singing, israj, mridangam, harmonium
| genre = Hindustani classical music
| years_active = 1918–1960s
| label =
| associated_acts = Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
| website =
}}
Pandit Omkarnath Thakur (24 June 1897 – 29 December 1967), was an Indian music teacher, musicologist and Hindustani classical singer. A disciple of classical singer Vishnu Digambar Paluskar of Gwalior gharana and the founder of Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal he became the principal of Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, Lahore, and later went on become the first dean of the music faculty at Banaras Hindu University.He also wrote book "sangeetanjli" vol 1 to 6
Early life and training
Thakur was born in 1897 in a village called Jahaj in the Princely State of Baroda (15 km from Khambhat in present-day Anand District, Gujarat, into a poor military family. His grandfather Mahashankar Thakur had fought in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 for Nanasaheb Peshwa. His father Gaurishankar Thakur was also in the military, employed by Maharani Jamnabai of Baroda, where he commanded 200 cavalrymen.Wade, p. 258 The family moved to Bharuch in 1900, though soon the family faced financial difficulties, as his father left the military to become a renunciate (sanyasi), leaving his wife to run the household, thus by the age of five Thakur started helping her out by doing various odd jobs, in mills, Ramlila troupe and even as a domestic help. When he was fourteen his father died.
Impressed by his singing Thakur and his younger brother Ramesh Chandra were sponsored by a wealthy Parsi philanthropist Shahpurji Mancherji Dungaji in {{Circa|1909}} to train in Hindustani classical music in the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, a music school in Bombay, under classical singer Vishnu Digambar Paluskar.Wade, p. 259 Thakur soon became a singer in the style of the Gwalior gharana and started accompanying his guru and other musicians. Later in his career he developed his own distinct style. Eventually, he made his concert debut in 1918, though he continued his training under his guru, Paluskar, until the latter's death in 1931.
Career
Thakur was made the principal of a Lahore branch of Paluskar's Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in 1916. Here he became acquainted with the Patiala gharana singers like Ali Baksh and Kale Khan, paternal uncle of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan. In 1919, he returned to Bharuch and started his own music school, Gandharva Niketan. During the 1920s, Thakur worked for the non-cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi on a local level, as he became the President of Bharuch District Congress Committee of Indian National Congress. His performances of patriotic song Vande Mataram were a regular feature of annual sessions of the Indian National Congress.{{cite web |title=Omkarnath Thakur |url=http://www.kamat.com/database/articles/omkarnath_thakur.htm |date= 27 December 1992 |publisher=Kamat, The Times of India, Bombay}} Thakur toured Europe in 1933 and became one of the first Indian musicians to perform in Europe. During this tour, he performed privately for Benito Mussolini."Omkarnath Thakur & Benito Mussolini" Sruti 163 (April 1998) 19–21. Thakur's wife Indira Devi died the same year and he began to concentrate exclusively on music.
Thakur's work as a performer and musicologist led to the creation of a music college at Banaras Hindu University that emphasized both, here he was first dean of the music faculty.{{cite web |title=Omkarnath Thakur |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/omkarnath-thakur-mn0001830095 |publisher=Allmusic }} Thakur has composed the university anthem, the Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet.{{Cite news |date=June–August 2006 |title=Kulgeet on CD |pages=2 |work=BHU News |url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/NEWSPAPER/BHUNEWSJunAug20062.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421170926/http://www.bhu.ac.in/NEWSPAPER/BHUNEWSJunAug20062.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2007}} He wrote books on Indian classical music and its history. Thakur's work is criticized in contemporary music literature as ignorant of the contribution of Muslim musicians, which he blamed for deteriorating classical music.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Wade |first=Bonnie C. |editor=Sadie, Stanley |encyclopedia=The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians |title=Thakur, Omkarnath |edition=2nd |year=2001 |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |volume=25 |location=London |isbn=0333608003 |pages=336–337}}{{cite book |title=Khyāl |last=Wade |first=Bonnie C. |year=1984 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0521256593 |pages=258–260}}
Thakur performed in Europe until 1954 and received the Padma Shri in 1955{{cite web|title=Padma Awards|publisher=Ministry of Communications and Information Technology|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=1955&state=&field=3&p_name=&award=All|access-date=6 December 2009}} and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1963.{{cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees – Music – Vocal |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm#HindustaniMusicVocal |access-date=6 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=30 May 2015 }} He retired in 1963 and was awarded honorary doctorates from Banaras Hindu University in 1963 and Rabindra Bharati University in 1964. Having survived a heart attack in 1954, he suffered a stroke in July 1965, which left him partially paralyzed for the last two years of his life.
See also
References
{{reflist|2}}
Bibliography
- A Comparative Study of Khyāl Style: Pandit Omkarnath Thakur and His Student Pandit B.R. Bhatt, by Harriotte Cook Hurie. Wesleyan University, 1980.
- {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wade |first=Bonnie C. |editor=Sadie, Stanley |encyclopedia=The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians |title=Thakur, Omkarnath |edition=2nd |year=2001 |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |volume=25 |location=London |isbn=0-333-60800-3 |pages=336–337}}
- {{cite book |title=Khyāl:Creativity within North India's Classical Music Tradition |last=Wade |first=Bonnie C. |year=1984 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA258|location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-25659-3 |pages=258–260|ref=Wa}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Omkarnath}}
Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers
Category:Academic staff of Banaras Hindu University
Category:20th-century Khyal singers
Category:Indian music educators
Category:Musicians from Gujarat
Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award