On-set virtual production
{{Short description|Technology for television and film production}}
{{redirect|Virtual studio|the audio interface standard|Virtual Studio Technology|the former film company|Virtual Studios}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Missing information|reason=chroma key virtual production|date=September 2023}}
On-set virtual production (OSVP){{efn|Also known as virtual production (VP), immersive virtual production (IVP), virtual production technology (VPT), or In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX), and often called The Volume.}} is an entertainment technology for television and film production in which LED panels are used as a backdrop for a set, on which video or computer-generated imagery can be displayed in real-time. The use of OSVP became widespread after its use in the first season of The Mandalorian (2019), which used Unreal Engine, developed by Epic Games.
History
Australian film director Clayton Jacobson first had the idea of improving the green screen that was then in use when filming a TV ad for detergent in 2003. Watching his son playing videogames and seeing the 3D technology used in them gave him the idea. Eventually, in 2016, Jacobson and his son made one of the prototypes for a virtual production stage in their shed, using a set of LED screens. However, he could not get anyone to take an interest in developing the technology further, so gave up on it. Other filmmakers had also caught on to the idea though, and in 2018 an Australian cinematographer, Greig Fraser, used the technology to film the Star Wars franchise spin-off series, The Mandalorian (released 2019). Instead of using the green screen during the filming stage, the team combined post-production with the production stage of the series. They installed huge LED walls linked to powerful computers that ran Unreal Engine gaming software (used for Fortnite, among others). They called this soundstage "the volume", a term already used to refer to a stage where visual effects techniques take place.{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Virtual production studios are replacing green screens as world's largest opens in Melbourne |series= ABC Science | website=ABC News| publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=22 March 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-03-22/virtual-production-studios-cinema-mandalorian-dune-technology/102105942 | access-date=24 March 2023}}
Since its inventive use in The Mandalorian, which used ILM's StageCraft, the technology has become increasingly popular. Miles Perkins, industry manager of film and TV for Epic Games and maker of the Unreal Engine, estimated that there were around 300 stages by October 2022, increased from only three in 2019.{{Cite web |last=Giardina |first=Carolyn |date=2022-10-19 |title=Too Much Volume? The Tech Behind 'Mandalorian' and 'House of the Dragon' Faces Growing Pains |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/volume-house-of-the-dragon-stage-mandalorian-1235244158/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}} Most of these were built during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, when lockdowns meant that production studios had to find ways to produce films without traveling to other locations.
In March 2023, the world's largest virtual production stage was opened at the Docklands Studios Melbourne, in the city of Melbourne, Australia.
Terminology
On-set virtual production (OSVP) is also known as virtual production (VP), immersive virtual production (IVP), In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX),{{Cite web |title=In-Camera Visual Effects (ICVFX) |url=https://www.nepgroup.com/tech-blog/in-camera-visual-effects-icvfx |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.nepgroup.com}} or The Volume.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
Technology
With careful adjustment and calibration, an OSVP set can be made to closely approximate the appearance of a real set or outdoor location.{{Cite web|title=2021: The On-Set Virtual Production Initiative|url=https://www.smpte.org/rapid-industry-solutions/on-set-virtual-production|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.smpte.org|language=en}} OSVP can be viewed as an application of extended reality. OSVP contrasts with virtual studio technology, in which a green screen backdrop surrounds the set, and the virtual surroundings are composited into the green screen plate downstream from the camera, in that in OSVP the virtual world surrounding the set is visible to the camera, actors, and crew, and objects on set are illuminated by light from the LED screen, creating realistic interactive lighting effects, and that the virtual background and foreground are captured directly in camera, complete with natural subtle cues like lens distortion, depth of field effects, bokeh and lens flare. This makes it a far more natural experience that more closely approximates location shooting, making the film-making process faster and more intuitive than can be achieved on a virtual set.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
To render parallax depth cues correctly from the viewpoint of a moving camera, the system requires the use of match moving of the background imagery based on data from low-latency real-time motion capture technology to track the camera, such systems as Stype and Mosys which track camera position within the volume and equate this position within the Unreal scene - so that any movement is reflected within the scene as well .{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
Industry organizations including SMPTE, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and the American Society of Cinematographers have started initiatives to support the development of OSVP.{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Partnering to Develop Advisory Group of the On-Set Virtual Production (OSVP) Initiative.|url=https://www.avnetwork.com/news/partnering-to-develop-advisory-group-of-the-on-set-virtual-production-osvp-initiative|access-date=2022-02-22|website=systemscontractor|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=SMPTE Hollywood To Explore Lighting and Color Science For Virtual Production|url=https://www.shootonline.com/spw/smpte-hollywood-explore-lighting-and-color-science-virtual-production|access-date=2022-02-22|website=SHOOTonline|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=AMPAS Science & Technology Council Presents Virtual Production Primer - The American Society of Cinematographers|url=https://theasc.com/news/ampas-virtual-production-primer|access-date=2022-02-22|website=theasc.com}}
Examples
Stages that use OSVP include the various StageCraft stages, Pixomondo's Toronto-based LED stage, which has a long-term lease from CBS, ZeroSpace's Volume in New York City,{{cite web |last1=Abram |first1=Cleo |author1-link=Cleo Abram |title=We Tested Sci-Fi Movie Tech (MKBHD) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7pu1cQBqtQ&t=22s |website=YouTube |access-date=12 March 2023}} or Lux Machina various stages. In Japan, the LED wall and virtual production were used by Toei Company for its Super Sentai shows Avataro Sentai Donbrothers[https://cgworld.jp/regular/2301-293-donbro.html VFXアナトミー インカメラVFXによる特撮をTVシリーズで実現！ 『暴太郎戦隊ドンブラザーズ』] and Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger, with the latter also being produced in collaboration with Sony PCL Inc.[https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/2303/06/news112.html 新番組「王様戦隊キングオージャー」の背景CGがハイクオリティーと話題に グリーンバックを使わない最新撮影技術とは？]
{{as of|March 2023}} the largest OSVP is at Docklands Studios Melbourne in Australia.
Productions using the technologies
= Television series =
- The Mandalorian (2019–present){{Cite web |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |date=February 20, 2020 |title=How The Mandalorian teamed up with Fortnite creator Epic Games to create its digital sets |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/20/21145671/mandalorian-sets-stagecraft-epic-games-ilm-fortnite-baby-yoda-digital |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220203837/https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/20/21145671/mandalorian-sets-stagecraft-epic-games-ilm-fortnite-baby-yoda-digital |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |website=The Verge}}
- The Book of Boba Fett (2021){{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Carly |date=June 9, 2021 |title=Exclusive: Here's When 'The Mandalorian' Season 3 Is Filming; New Details on 'Book of Boba Fett' Connection |url=https://collider.com/the-mandalorian-season-3-the-book-of-boba-fett-production-filming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609204843/https://collider.com/the-mandalorian-season-3-the-book-of-boba-fett-production-filming/ |archive-date=June 9, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2021 |website=Collider}}
- Star Trek: Discovery (2021–2024){{Cite web |last=Giardina |first=Carolyn |date=2022-10-19 |title=Too Much Volume? The Tech Behind 'Mandalorian' and 'House of the Dragon' Faces Growing Pains |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/volume-house-of-the-dragon-stage-mandalorian-1235244158/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}
- Star Trek: Strange New Worlds (2022–present)
- How I Met Your Father (2022–2023){{Cite web |date=July 29, 2022 |title=ILM STAGECRAFT HONORED WITH ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EMMY® AWARD |url=https://www.ilm.com/television-academy-announces-recipients-of74th-engineering-science-technologyemmy-awards/ |access-date=July 29, 2022 |website=Industrial Light & Magic}}
- Our Flag Means Death (2022–present){{cite web |last=Peterson |first=Karen M. |date=April 29, 2022 |title=How 'Our Flag Means Death' Designers Mixed History With Broad Theatricality |url=https://variety.com/2022/artisans/news/our-flag-means-death-production-design-ra-vincent-1235254416/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |work=Variety}}
- Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022){{Cite web |last=Bui |first=Hoai-Tran |date=June 17, 2020 |title=The Obi-Wan Kenobi Disney+ Series Will Use the Same Technology as 'The Mandalorian' |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/obi-wan-kenobi-tv-series-technology-the-mandalorian/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618161937/https://www.slashfilm.com/obi-wan-kenobi-tv-series-technology-the-mandalorian/ |archive-date=June 18, 2020 |access-date=June 18, 2020 |website=/Film}}
- The Old Man (2022){{Cite web |title=StageCraft {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic |url=https://www.ilm.com/stagecraft/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.ilm.com}}
- Andor (2022){{cite web |last=Dominguez |first=Noah |date=November 14, 2022 |title=Andor Actually Used StageCraft Technology Despite Early Reports |url=https://www.cbr.com/andor-stagecraft-led-screen-despite-early-reports-star-wars/ |access-date=November 25, 2022 |work=ComicBook.com}}
- The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power (2022-present){{cite web |last1=Vegvari |first1=Steve |title=Being Transported by Amazon Studios Virtual Productions at Stage 15 |url=https://www.iphoneincanada.ca/2024/06/26/amazon-studios-virtual-productions-stage-15/ |publisher=iPhone in Canada |access-date=2024-11-07}}
- House of the Dragon (2022–present){{cite web |title=HOUSE OF THE DRAGON MAY LOOK TOTALLY DIFFERENT IN SEASON 2 FOR ONE CONTROVERSIAL REASON |url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/house-of-the-dragon-season-2-vfx |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=Inverse|date=19 October 2022 }}
- 1899 (2022){{cite web |title=Inside Dark Bay, the spinning LED volume at the heart of Netflix's upcoming '1899' |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/02/10/dark-bay-1899-virtual-production/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=TechCrunch|date=10 February 2022 }}
- Avataro Sentai Donbrothers (2022–2023)
- Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger (2023–2024)
- Silo (2023){{cite web |title=Silo |url=https://www.luxmc.com/silo |website=Lux Machina |access-date=2023-06-27}}
- The Muppets Mayhem (2023) {{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-11-07}}
- Ahsoka (2023)
- One Piece (2023-present){{cite web |last1=Failes |first1=Ian |title=See Eyeline Studios’ volumetric capture rig in action for ‘One Piece’ |url=https://beforesandafters.com/2024/05/31/see-eyeline-studios-volumetric-capture-rig-in-action-for-one-piece/ |publisher=Befores and Afters |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- YuYu Hakusho (2023){{cite web |last1=Failes |first1=Ian |title=How Eyeline Studios’ new volumetric capture tech was used on ‘Yu Yu Hakusho’ |url=https://beforesandafters.com/2024/03/25/how-eyeline-studios-new-volumetric-capture-tech-was-used-on-yu-yu-hakusho/ |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Percy Jackson and the Olympians (2023-present){{Cite web |last=Giardina |first=Carolyn |date=June 28, 2022 |title='Percy Jackson and the Olympians' Takes ILM Virtual Production Route (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-ilm-virtual-production-1235171943/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171224/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-ilm-virtual-production-1235171943/ |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}
- Masters of the Air (2024){{Cite web |title=MoTA = @cary_fukunaga |url=https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17917895687035563/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.instagram.com |language=en}}
- Fallout (2024-present) {{cite web |title=Magnopus brings Amazon's Fallout series to life with virtual production powered by Unreal Engine |url=https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US/spotlights/magnopus-brings-amazon-s-fallout-series-to-life-with-virtual-production-powered-by-unreal-engine|date=May 13, 2024|website=Epic Games |access-date=30 June 2024}}
- Doctor Who series 14 (2024){{Cite web |first=Adi |last=Tantimedh |date=May 14, 2024 |title='Doctor Who: "BOOM" Sees Steven Moffat Regenerate into Freelancer' |url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/doctor-who-boom-sees-steven-moffat-regenerate-into-freelancer/ |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=Bleeding Cool}}
- The Acolyte (2024){{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Jacob |date=June 24, 2021 |title='The Acolyte' Aiming To Begin Filming In February In London |url=https://discussingfilm.net/2021/06/24/the-acolyte-aiming-to-begin-filming-in-february-in-london-exclusive/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630124408/https://discussingfilm.net/2021/06/24/the-acolyte-aiming-to-begin-filming-in-february-in-london-exclusive/ |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=June 30, 2021 |website=DiscussingFilm}}
- Those About to Die (2024){{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Time Bandits (2024){{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-11-07}}
- Star Wars: Skeleton Crew (2024-2025){{Cite web |last=McPherson |first=Chris |date=May 5, 2024 |title='Star Wars: Skeleton Crew' Uses Stop-Motion by Phil Tippett and Old School Matte Paintings [Exclusive] |url=https://collider.com/star-wars-skeleton-crew-matte-paintings/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506013930/https://collider.com/star-wars-skeleton-crew-matte-paintings/ |archive-date=May 6, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=Collider}}
- The Eternaut (2025){{Cite web |last=Basso |first=Por Iván |date=2025-05-03 |title=La magia del virtual production en El Eternauta: “Desde Argentina se pueden hacer cosas muy grandes desde la tecnología” |url=https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/2025/05/03/la-magia-del-virtual-production-en-el-eternauta-desde-argentina-se-pueden-hacer-cosas-muy-grandes-desde-la-tecnologia/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}
= Feature films =
- Avatar (2009){{cite web |title=Autodesk, Lightstorm Entertainment and Weta Digital Drive Virtual Production Forward |url=https://investors.autodesk.com/news-releases/news-release-details/autodesk-lightstorm-entertainment-and-weta-digital-drive-virtual |publisher=Autodesk, Inc. |access-date=2025-04-07}}
- Oblivion (2013){{Cite web |title=Oblivion |url=https://www.luxmc.com/oblivion |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Lux Machina |language=en-US}}
- The Jungle Book (2016){{Cite web |last=Bardini |first=Julio |date=2022-08-14 |title=Industrial Light & Magic's Digital StageCraft Technology: What We Know About the Volume |url=https://collider.com/industrial-light-magic-what-is-the-volume-stagecraft-technology/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Collider |language=en}}
- Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
- Ghost in the Shell (2017){{Cite web |title=Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "We had a great time working with Director of Photography Jess Hall on Ghost in the Shell to provide LED green screen replacement for some of the driving scenes in the movie. Contact us for help with any film or television projects! We specialize in capturing realistic environments in the camera as part of the visual effects workflow! Pictured: Pilou Asbaek and Scarlett Johansson in Ghost in the Shell from Paramount Pictures and Dreamworks Pictures." |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BZMuO0InZ9y/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Instagram |language=en}}
- Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
- First Man (2018){{Cite news|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/10/first-man-vfx-christopher-nolan-in-camera-1202012086/|title=Beyond Christopher Nolan: 'First Man' Redefines In-Camera VFX|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|date=October 15, 2018|work=IndieWire|access-date=November 2, 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103042914/https://www.indiewire.com/2018/10/first-man-vfx-christopher-nolan-in-camera-1202012086/|archive-date=November 3, 2018|url-status=live}}
- Alita: Battle Angel (2019){{cite web |last1=Desowitz |first1=Bill |title=‘Alita: Battle Angel’: Here’s How Robert Rodriguez Tried to Channel VFX Master James Cameron |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/alita-battle-angel-robert-rodriguez-james-cameron-weta-digital-visual-effects-1202043604/ |publisher=Indiewire |access-date=2025-04-07}}
- The Lion King (2019){{Cite web |date=February 5, 2020 |title=How Cutting-Edge ILM Technology Brought 'The Mandalorian' to Life |url=https://nofilmschool.com/ilm-stagecraft-mandalorian |access-date=June 26, 2021 |website=No Film School}}
- The Irishman (2019){{Cite web |title=The Irishman |url=https://www.luxmc.com/the-irishman |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Lux Machina |language=en-US}}
- Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019){{Cite web |title=Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Congrats to @starwarsriseofskywalker and @theirishmanfilm for the many Oscar nominations this week, including for Visual Effects! We are so grateful to have been a part of both productions. Looking forward to the big night, Feb 5 live at 8e {{!}} 5p! . . . . . . #virtualproduction #incameravfx #vfx #film #technology #videoproduction #led #projection #videoscreens #luxmc #luxmachina #consultants #engineers #programmers" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B7XdP-LpqOR/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Instagram |language=en}}
- The One and Only Ivan (2020){{cite web |title=The One and Only Ivan |url=https://www.technicolor.com/about/history/the-one-and-only-ivan/ |publisher=Technicolor Group |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- The Midnight Sky (2020){{Cite web |last=Mike Seymour |date=January 21, 2021 |title=The Midnight Sky's Virtual Production using StageCraft |url=https://www.fxguide.com/fxfeatured/the-midnight-skys-virtual-production-using-stagecraft/ |access-date=June 26, 2021 |website=Fxguide}}
- In vacanza su Marte (2020){{Cite web |last=Filippo Magnifico |date=December 23, 2020 |title=In Vacanza su Marte: il film con Boldi e De Sica realizzato con una tecnologia simile a quella di The Mandalorian |url=https://blog.screenweek.it/2020/12/in-vacanza-su-marte-film-boldi-de-sica-mandalorian-762136.php// |access-date=May 30, 2022 |website=Blog Screenweek}}
- Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021){{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Red Notice (2021){{Cite web |title=The Next Generation of Extended Reality Sounds Stages |url=https://www.luxmc.com/red-notice |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Lux Machina |language=en-US}}
- Don't Look Up (2021){{cite web |title=Projects - Eyeline Studios |url=https://www.eyelinestudios.com/projects/ |publisher=Eyeline Studios |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Death on the Nile (2022) {{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- The Batman (2022){{Cite web |last=Giardina |first=Carolyn |date=October 19, 2020 |title='The Batman' Using 'Mandalorian' Virtual Production Techniques |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/the-batman-using-mandalorian-virtual-production-techniques |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019234512/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/the-batman-using-mandalorian-virtual-production-techniques |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}
- Top Gun: Maverick (2022){{Cite web |title=Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Congratulations to @topgunmovie "Maverick" on its six @theacademy nominations, including Best Visual Effects and Best Picture! It was an honor for @luxmc_ to be part of such an iconic project by providing in-camera virtual backgrounds and working closely with "Maverick's" overall VFX supervisor Ryan Tudhope and Director of Photography @claudiomirandadop We are thrilled at how much the fans, the critics, and now the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences have responded to the film. The Oscars will be handed out Sunday, March 12, 2023. Get your popcorn ready! (@luxmc_ is part of @nep_group) #vfx #visualeffects #luxmc #awards #oscars #nominations #academy #topgun #NEP #NEPVS #topgunmaverick #sequel #ICFVX #film #photography #directorofphotography" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn0raM7LbmL/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Instagram |language=en}}
- Thor: Love and Thunder (2022){{Cite web |last=Carolyn Giardina |date=September 10, 2020 |title=Industrial Light & Magic Expands Virtual Production Services, Supports 'Thor 4' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/industrial-light-magic-expands-virtual-production-services-supports-thor-4-4057886/ |access-date=June 26, 2021 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}
- The Gray Man (2022){{cite web |title=Projects - Eyeline Studios |url=https://www.eyelinestudios.com/projects/ |publisher=Eyeline Studios |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Bullet Train (2022)
- Pinocchio (2022){{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Divinity (2022){{Cite web |title=Lux Machina Consulting on Instagram: "Wishing Eddie Alcazar the best of luck as he heads to #Sundance to premier his newest film "Divinity." A portion of the film was shot using the #LuxMC LED volume, and Junaid Baig, VP of Research & Development for #NEPVS, used AI to provide slow motion footage of already animated stop motion sequences on the film." |url=https://www.instagram.com/tv/CnnAEahrREi/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Instagram |language=en}}
- Black Adam (2022){{cite web |last=Villaverde |first=Noah |date=June 8, 2022 |title='Black Adam' Director Talks Using Lucasfilm's Volume & Other New Tech |url=https://heroichollywood.com/black-adam-director-talks-using-lucasfilms-volume-other-new-tech/ |access-date=July 19, 2022 |work=Heroic Hollywood}}
- Devotion (2022){{cite web |title=Devotion |url=https://www.dneg.com/show/devotion/ |website=DNEG |access-date=2024-06-27}}
- The Fabelmans (2022){{Cite web |last=Kadner |first=Noah |date=2023-04-24 |title=Virtual Production—When The Fabelmans Met The Mandalorian|url=https://blog.frame.io/2023/04/24/virtual-production-when-the-fabelmans-met-the-mandalorian/ |access-date=2023-04-26|website=Frame.io Insider |language=en-US}}
- Avatar: The Way of Water (2022){{cite web |title=Virtual Production In Action |url=https://virtualproductionmalta.com/blog/virtual-production-in-action |publisher=Virtual Production Malta |access-date=2025-04-07}}
- Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023){{Cite web |last=Erao |first=Math |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania Director Shares Photo From The Mandalorian's Virtual Set |url=https://www.cbr.com/ant-man-wasp-quantumania-mandalorian-volume-photo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517204323/https://www.cbr.com/ant-man-wasp-quantumania-mandalorian-volume-photo/ |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |website=Comic Book Resources}}
- Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023)
- The Flash (2023){{cite web |last1=Failes |first1=Ian |title=How those twinning/doubling shots in ‘The Flash’ were done |url=https://beforesandafters.com/2023/08/30/how-those-twinning-doubling-shots-in-the-flash-were-done/ |publisher=Befores and Afters |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Barbie (2023){{cite web |title=Barbie |url=https://www.luxmc.com/barbie |website=Lux Machina |access-date=2024-06-27}}
- The Creator (2023){{cite web |title=Inside ILM: The Making of The Creator | website=YouTube | date=18 February 2024 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iZwYCjyKO8&t=364s}}
- The Killer (2023){{cite web |last1=Kadner |first1=Noah |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sshulgach_adapting-to-new-virtual-production-tech-while-activity-7133318654158413824-Qk_X?trk=public_profile_share_view|title=Steven Shulgach on LinkedIn: Adapting to new virtual production tech while implement traditional… |website=Linkedlin |access-date=30 June 2024}}
- The Marvels (2023){{Cite web |last=Failes |first=Ian |date=Jan 10, 2024 |title=How ILM's StageCraft was used on 'The Marvels' |url=https://beforesandafters.com/2024/01/10/how-ilms-stagecraft-was-used-on-the-marvels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240110112709/https://beforesandafters.com/2024/01/10/how-ilms-stagecraft-was-used-on-the-marvels/ |archive-date=Jan 10, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=befores & afters}}
- Candy Cane Lane (2023){{cite web |title=Amazon Studios Debuts AWS-Powered Virtual Production Mega Stage |url=https://press.amazonmgmstudios.com/us/en/press-release/amazon-studios-debuts-awspowered-virtual-productio |publisher=Amazon MGM Studios |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Poor Things (2023){{cite web |last1=Kadner |first1=Noah |title=LED Wall Evokes Early-Cinema Effects for Poor Things |url=https://theasc.com/articles/virtual-world-virtual-effects-poor-things |website=American Cinematographer |access-date=30 June 2024}}
- Society of the Snow (2023){{cite web |title=Behind the VFX of J.A. Bayona's Society of the Snow | Netflix | website=YouTube | date=11 December 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG7f3gCe2wc&t=59s |access-date=30 June 2024}}
- Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023){{cite web |title=Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom: Volumetric Capture Technology by Eyeline Studios |url=https://www.artofvfx.com/aquaman-and-the-lost-kingdom-volumetric-capture-technology-by-eyeline-studios/ |publisher=Art of VFX |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- No Way Up (2024){{cite web |title=DNEG 360 Shows |url=https://www.dneg.com/dneg-360/ |publisher=DNEG |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Dune: Part Two (2024){{cite web |last1=Szalai |first1=Georg |title=‘Dune’ VFX House DNEG Teams With Dimension on LED Volume Stages in London, Rome |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/dneg-dimension-studio-deal-led-volume-stages-1235881112/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (2024){{cite web |title=‘Godzilla vs. Kong’ Sequel reportedly used ‘The Mandalorian’ LED video wall tech |url=https://medium.com/@untitled-photographer/godzilla-vs-kong-sequel-reportedly-used-the-mandalorian-led-video-wall-tech-387199268938 |publisher=Medium |access-date=2025-06-05}}
- Daddio (2024){{Cite web |title=Christy Hall Shot Daddio Entirely Inside a Taxi Cab| date=12 September 2023| url=https://www.moviemaker.com/christy-hall-daddio-immersive-led-technology/}}
- Transformers One (2024){{cite web |title=Transformers One |url=https://www.ilm.com/credits/transformers-one/ |publisher=Industrial Light and Magic |access-date=2024-11-07}}
- Megalopolis (2024){{Cite web |last1=Couch |first1=Kim Masters, Scott Feinberg, Aaron |last2=Masters |first2=Kim |last3=Feinberg |first3=Scott |last4=Couch |first4=Aaron |date=2023-01-09 |title=Francis Ford Coppola's 'Megalopolis' in Peril Amid Ballooning Budget, Crew Exodus (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/francis-ford-coppolas-megalopolis-in-peril-1235284875/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}
- Joker: Folie à Deux (2024){{cite web |title=Joker: Folie à Deux |url=https://www.ilm.com/vfx/joker-folie-a-deux/ |publisher=Industrial Light and Magic |access-date=2024-11-07}}
- Venom: The Last Dance (2024){{cite web |title=Venom: The Last Dance |url=https://www.ilm.com/credits/venom-the-last-dance-credits/ |publisher=Industrial Light & Magic |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Here (2024){{cite web |title=Here |url=https://www.dneg.com/show/here/ |website=DNEG |access-date=2024-06-27}}
- Mufasa: The Lion King (2024){{cite web |last1=Sharf |first1=Zack |title=Barry Jenkins Says All-Virtual Filmmaking ‘Is Not My Thing’ After Directing ‘Mufasa’; Disney Sent Him a Note Worrying That One Long Take Was Too ‘Slow’ |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/barry-jenkins-mufasa-virtual-directing-not-my-thing-1236236799/ |publisher=Variety |access-date=2024-12-07}}{{cite web |last1=Zoller Seitz |first1=Matt |title=Moonlight in the Lion’s Den: Why Barry Jenkins gave up his improvisational shooting style to spend four years making 'Mufasa' on a soundstage |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/how-and-why-barry-jenkins-made-mufasa-for-disney.html |publisher=Vulture |access-date=2024-12-07}}
- Snow White (2025){{cite web |last1=Chapman |first1=Rob |title=MPC, Snow White, Virtual Art Department FX Artist / TD |url=https://www.artstation.com/artwork/PXK8vL?album_id=10547491 |website=ArtStation |access-date=2025-06-05}}
- Final Destination Bloodlines (2025){{cite web |last1=Hooper |first1=Simon |title=How they made the skyview restaurant disaster in Final Destination Bloodlines |url=https://anygoodfilms.com/how-they-made-the-skyview-restaurant-disaster-in-final-destination-bloodlines/ |website=Any Good Films? |access-date=2025-06-05}}
- Tron: Ares (2025){{cite web |title=Tron: Ares {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic |url=https://www.ilm.com/vfx/tron-ares/ |publisher=Industrial Light & Magic |access-date=2025-06-05}}
- Mercy (2026){{cite web |title=Tour Amazon MGM Studios' virtual soundstage that’s revolutionizing movies and TV shows through the power of AWS |url=https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-virtual-soundstage-stage-15-movies-tv-shows |publisher=Amazon|access-date=2024-09-04}}
- Campbeltown '69 (TBD){{cite web |title=Campbeltown '69 |url=https://dimensionstudio.co/work/campbeltown-69/ |publisher=Dimension Studio |access-date=2024-11-07}}
= Short films =
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Mixed reality}}