OneSpace

{{Short description|Chinese rocket company. Sub orbital, and developing orbital}}

{{Infobox company

| name = OneSpace

| logo =

| type =

| industry = Private space launch services

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| founded = 2015 in Beijing, China

| founder = Shu Chang.

| defunct =

| hq_location_city = Beijing

| hq_location_country = China

| area_served =

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| owner =

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| website = {{URL|www.onespacechina.com/}}

}}

OneSpace{{Cite web |url= https://particle.scitech.org.au/space/china-next-space-superpower/ |title= Is China The Next Space Superpower? |author= Michelle Wheeler |date= 14 July 2017 |publisher= Particle (Australia) }} ({{lang-zh |s=零壹空间{{Cite web | url=http://www.onespacechina.com |title = OneSpace 零壹空间}} |p= Líng Yī Kōngjiān |l= Zero One Space }}) or One Space Technology Group{{cite web |url= http://knowledge.ckgsb.edu.cn/2017/11/21/technology/china-space-industry-final-frontier/ |title= China's Space Industry: Arriving At the Final Frontier |author= Helen Roxburgh |date= 21 November 2017 |publisher= CKGSB Knowledge }} ({{lang-zh |s= 零壹空间科技{{cite web |url= http://www.eastpendulum.com/landspace-futur-spacex-chinois |title= LandSpace : le futur SpaceX chinois |author= Henri Kenhamn |publisher= East Pendulum |date= 2017 |language= fr }} |p= Líng Yī Kōngjiān Kējì |l= Zero One Space Technology }}) is a Chinese private space launch group based in Beijing, with subsidiaries in Chongqing, Shenzhen{{Cite web|url=http://www.onespacechina.com/electronic/|title=shenzhen subsidiaries introduction}} and Xi'an.{{Cite web|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CwupNlwPth8Gr97LHZBOrg|title=Onespace recruitment}} OneSpace was founded in 2015. It is led by CEO Shu Chang, and is targeting the small launcher market for microsatellites and nanosatellites.{{cite news |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/28/chinas-secret-plan-to-crush-spacex-and-the-us-space-program.html |title= China's secret plan to crush SpaceX and the US space program |author= Clay Dillow |date= 28 March 2017 |publisher= CNBC }}{{cite news |url= https://gbtimes.com/chinese-commercial-rocket-company-onespace-set-for-debut-launch-in-june |title= Chinese commercial rocket company OneSpace set for debut launch in June |author= Andrew Jones |date= 17 January 2018 |publisher= GBTIMES |access-date= 20 May 2018 |archive-date= 21 May 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180521112844/https://gbtimes.com/chinese-commercial-rocket-company-onespace-set-for-debut-launch-in-june |url-status= dead }} OneSpace launched China's first private rocket in 2018.{{cite news |url= https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/16/technology/onespace-china-spacex-startup/index.html |title= OneSpace launches China's first private rocket |author1=Michelle Toh |author2=Serenitie Wang |date= 17 May 2018 |publisher= CNN }}

The company unveiled its family of rockets early in 2019.{{Cite web |url= http://www.onespacechina.com/about/ |title= 关于我们 {{!}} OneSpace 零壹空间 |website= www.onespacechina.com |language= zh-CN |access-date= 2018-05-20 }} At least 10 such firms have emerged since the Chinese government policy shift in late 2014 to allow private companies into the launch and small satellite sectors.{{Cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-companies-onespace-and-ispace-are-preparing-for-first-orbital-launches/ |title = Chinese companies OneSpace and iSpace are preparing for first orbital launches|date = 2019-01-24}}

Facilities

OneSpace's headquarters and R&D center are located in Beijing. Its research and development center, and manufacturing and assembly base, are located in Chongqing. Its rocket engine testing facility is located in Jiangxi Province and Shanxi Province.{{Cite news|url=http://www.spacetechasia.com/chinese-startup-one-space-successfully-tests-first-stage-engine-for-orbital-rocket/|title=Chinese startup One Space successfully tests first stage engine for orbital rocket {{!}} SpaceTech Asia|date=2018-07-05|work=SpaceTech Asia|access-date=2018-07-16|language=en-US}}

Rockets

=OS-X series - suborbital =

The OS-X series of rockets are suborbital sounding rockets, reaching high altitude or reaching space but not orbit; they are meant for research and development of their launch systems.

== OS-X0 ==

The OS-X0 (aka "Chongqing Liangjiang Star") is a {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} long suborbital high-altitude rocket. It uses solid propellant and is designed to carry payloads up to {{convert|100|km|abbr=on}}, reaching space. Its first flight (suborbital) was on 17 May 2018, reaching an altitude of {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd-GBymrtqc |title= OneSpace OS-X0 launch - China's first private rocket (OS-X 重庆两江之星) |work= SciNews |publisher= YouTube |author= China Central Television |date= 17 May 2018 }}{{cite news |url= https://qz.com/1280638/onespace-says-it-launched-the-chinas-first-privately-built-rocket/ |title= A Chinese firm says it launched the country's first privately built rocket |author= Tim Fernholz |work= Quartz |date= 17 May 2018 }} The rocket is built completely from homegrown Chinese technology. Its launch represents one of the first rockets (see i-Space Hyperbola-1S) designed by a private company launched in China.{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-launch-china-onespace/china-launches-first-rocket-designed-by-a-private-company-idUSKCN1II0FK |title= China launches first rocket designed by a private company |date= 17 May 2018 |work= Reuters }} The development, building and launching of the rocket was achieved with budget less than $78 million. This flight was paid for by the Chinese state owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China.

==OS-X1==

The OS-X1 (aka "Chongqing Liangjiang Star") is a suborbital high-altitude rocket, a sounding rocket, designed for research and testing. The solid rocket motor was successfully tested in December 2017.{{cite news |url= http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/23/c_136847749.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171223185940/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/23/c_136847749.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= December 23, 2017 |title= Chinese start-up tests rocket engine |date= 23 December 2017 |publisher= Xinhua |author= Zhou Xin }} This 9-meter long rocket was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 7 September 2018 (04:10 UTC), reaching an altitude of 35 km and traveling 169 km.{{Cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-startups-onespace-ispace-succeed-with-suborbital-launches/|title=Chinese startups OneSpace, iSpace succeed with suborbital launches - SpaceNews.com|date=2018-09-07|work=SpaceNews.com|access-date=2018-09-10|language=en-US}}

==OS-X6B==

The OS-X6B (aka "Chongqing Liangjiang Star") is a {{convert|9.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} long suborbital high-altitude rocket. It is designed to send payloads up to 300 km (190 mi) with an estimated flight time of 10 minutes. The maiden flight of this rocket took place on 5 February 2021 (09:05 UTC). The flight was successful.{{cite web |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/t-v8i2StbQg7lRybJHPCiA |title=零壹空间成功实施某空间再入试验任务 |trans-title=Zero One Space successfully implemented a space reentry test mission |date=5 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |language=zh}}

=OS-M series - orbital =

The OS-M series of rockets are larger than the OS-X series and aim to provide low cost flights to LEO and SSO.{{Cite web|url=https://gbtimes.com/chinese-commercial-rocket-company-onespace-set-for-debut-launch-in-june|title=Chinese commercial rocket company OneSpace set for debut launch in June|website=GBTIMES|access-date=2018-05-20|archive-date=2018-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521112844/https://gbtimes.com/chinese-commercial-rocket-company-onespace-set-for-debut-launch-in-june|url-status=dead}}[http://www.spacetechasia.com/chinese-startup-one-space-successfully-tests-first-stage-engine-for-orbital-rocket/ M series first-stage main rocket motor has been tested successfully on 4th of July.]

==OS-M ==

The OS-M is a light-launch satellite launch vehicle rocketing payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO) and Sun synchronous orbit (SSO). It is projected to be capable of lifting {{convert|205|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} high LEO; and {{convert|73|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}} high SSO.{{Cite web |url= http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m1/ |title= OS-M1 {{!}} OneSpace 零壹空间 |website= www.onespacechina.com |language= zh-CN |access-date= 2018-05-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180514003546/http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m1/ |archive-date= 2018-05-14 |url-status= dead }}

As of December 2018, the tests completed for OS-M are:

2018/July/4: First-stage main rocket motor test.
2018/August/24: Three-stage solid-state propellant and the second and third stage separation system test.
2018/October/23: Fourth-stage engine and the third and fourth stage separation system test
2018/November/26 through Nov/30: Attitude control system mechanical environment test.
2018 December: Completed the OS-M attitude control system hot fire test.{{Cite web| url=https://twitter.com/OneSpace01| title=OneSpace|website=Twitter|language=en|access-date=2019-01-02}}

==OS-M1==

OS-M1 or just OS-M, (also known as Chongqing Liangjiang Star or Chongqing SQX{{Cite web | url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/os-m.htm |title = OS-M (Chongqing SQX)}} or Chongqing or SQX-1Y1{{Cite web | url=https://www.seradata.com/onespace-suffers-maiden-launch-failure-with-its-os-m1-rocket/ |title = OneSpace suffers maiden launch failure with its OS-M1 rocket|date = 27 March 2019}}), is a 4-stage solid fuel orbital rocket that is 19-meters long, 1.2 meters in diameter{{Cite web | url=http://www.onespacechina.com/en/20190327/ |title = OneSpace fails with first orbital launch attempt | One Space Tech}} and weighs 21-tons. It is designed to lift about 112 kilograms into a 500 km sun-synchronous orbit.{{Cite web | url=https://www.spacelaunchreport.com/index.html |title = Space Launch Report}}

It was launched for its first orbital mission carrying the Lingque-1B technology verification satellite from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 27 March 2019. Liftoff from the TLE-2 flat pad (atop a movable platform{{Cite web | url=http://www.onespacechina.com/en/os-m/ |title = OS-M | One Space Tech}}) took place at 09:39 UTC.{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-private-firm-onespace-fails-with-first-orbital-launch-attempt/|title=Chinese private firm OneSpace fails with first orbital launch attempt|date=2019-03-27|website=SpaceNews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-12}} After the first-stage separation, OS-M's attitude was unstable and the launch failed.{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/1581933/a-chinese-private-space-companys-satellite-launch-has-failed/|title=A Chinese private space company's satellite launch has failed|last1=Huang|first1=Echo|website=Quartz|date=27 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-04-12}} A preliminary investigation found a malfunction of the rate gyroscope as cause. In the follow-up, OneSpace team said they will learn from the mistake and optimize the performance of the rocket.{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/27/chinese-startup-onespace-fails-in-first-orbital-launch-attempt/|title=Chinese startup OneSpace fails in first orbital launch attempt – Spaceflight Now|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-12}}

Reportedly OS-M1 uses demilitarized solid rocket motors from retired military missiles.{{Cite web | url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/maiden-launch-of-onespace-os-m-rocket-fails/ | title=Maiden launch of OneSpace OS-M rocket fails| date=27 March 2019}}

==OS-M2==

The OS-M2 is similar to the OS-M1, but has two boosters. Block A will be capable of lifting {{convert|390|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to LEO and {{convert|204|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}} SSO, while block B will be capable of lifting {{convert|505|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to LEO and {{convert|274|kg|lb|abbr=on}} to {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}} SEO.{{Cite web |url= http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m2/|title=OS-M2 {{!}} OneSpace 零壹空间 |website= www.onespacechina.com |language= zh-CN |access-date= 2018-05-20 }}

==OS-M4==

The OS-M4 has four boosters. Block A will be capable of lifting 552 kg to LEO and 307 kg to 800 km SSO, while block B will be capable of lifting 748 kg to LEO and 446 kg to 800 km SEO.{{Cite web |url= http://www.onespacechina.com/os-m4 |title= OS-M4 {{!}} OneSpace 零壹空间 |website= www.onespacechina.com |language= zh-CN |access-date= 2018-05-20 }}

==Future OS-M rockets==

The firm is anticipating making future entries in the OS-M series of rockets in some way reusable.

OneSpace is developing a 59-ton rocket, that was originally scheduled for launch in 2018. It is to have a {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} payload to LEO. This is projected to cost RMB {{tooltip|¥|yuan}}100,000 CNY/kg ({{tooltip|$|dollar}}6500 USD/lb) OneSpace also envisions to eventually develop a crewed space capsule.{{cite magazine |title= Watch Out SpaceX: China's Space Start Up Industry Takes Flight |author1=Jeffrey Lin |author2=P.W. Singer |date= 22 April 2016 |magazine= Popular Science |url= https://www.popsci.com/watch-out-spacex-chinas-space-start-up-industry-takes-flight }}

Launches

Some sub-orbital launches noted in Rockets section above.

Also one orbital attempt with OS-M1 on 27 March 2019. The attempt ended with a 2nd stage failure.

Marketplace

OneSpace is in competition with several other Chinese space rocket startups, being LandSpace, LinkSpace, ExPace,{{cite news |url= http://www.parabolicarc.com/2017/12/20/expace-raises-182-million-small-satellite-launchers/ |title= EXPACE Raises $182 Million for Small Satellite Launchers |date= 20 December 2017 |author= Doug Messier |publisher= Parabolic Arc |access-date= 21 May 2018 |archive-date= 4 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201204225826/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2017/12/20/expace-raises-182-million-small-satellite-launchers/ |url-status= dead }} i-Space, Galactic Energy, and Deep Blue Aerospace.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Space Pioneer is a Chinese liquid-propellant rocket startup competing in the sector.{{cite news |title=Chinese rocket company Space Pioneer secures major funding ahead of first launch |url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-rocket-company-space-pioneer-secures-major-funding-ahead-of-first-launch/ |last=Jones|first=Andrew |work=SpaceNews |date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021}}

Financing

OneSpace secured $43.6 million in series B funding in August 2018.{{Cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-rocket-maker-onespace-secures-44m-in-funding-expace-prepare-for-commercial-launch/ |title = Chinese rocket maker OneSpace secures $44m in funding; Expace prepares for commercial launch|date = 14 August 2018}} The financing was led by CICC Jiatai Equity Fund, followed by FinTrek Capital, with China Merchants Venture Capital, Qianhai Wande Fund and Qianhai Wutong M&A Fund also increasing their investment in the company. This fourth round of financing takes the total raised since the founding of OneSpace in August 2015 to $116 million.