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Oneirodes

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Oneirodes eschrichtii.jpg

| image_caption = Oneirodes eschrichtii

| image2 = Oneirodes.jpg

| image2_caption = Oneirodes sp.

| taxon = Oneirodes

| authority = Lütken, 1871

| type_species = Oneirodes eschrichtii

| type_species_authority = Lütken, 1871

| synonyms = {{ Genus list

| Caranactis | Regan & Trewavas, 1932

| Monoceratias | Gilbert, 1915

}}

}}

Oneirodes is a genus of is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found around the world. This is the type genus, and the most speciose genus, of the family Oneirodidae. They are sexually dimorphic but, like most taxa within their family, the small males are free living and are not sexual parasites on the larger females. Only the females are used to identify the species in this genus as no species specific characters have been found for males.

Taxonomy

Oneirodes was first proposed proposed as a monospecific genus in 1871 by the Danish zoologist and naturalist Christian Frederik Lütken when he described Oneirodes eschrichtii.{{Cof family|family=Oneirodidae|access-date=21 July 2024}} Lütken gave the type locality of O. eschrichtii as off the western coast of Greenland.{{Cof genus|genus=Oneirodes|access-date=21 July 2024}} The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus in the family Oneirodidae in the suborder Ceratioidei of the anglerfish order Lophiiformes.{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=508–518 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}} Theodore Gill named the family Oneirodidae in 1878{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 1–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }} with O. escherichtii as its only species, making Oneirodes the type genus of its family.{{cite journal |author=Gill, Theodore |author-link=Theodore Gill |year=1878 |title=Synopsis of the pediculate fishes of the eastern coast of extratropical North America |journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |volume=1 |issue=30 |pages=215–221|doi=10.5479/si.00963801.1-30.215 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/21209 }}

Etymology

Oneirodes means "dream-like". Lütken did not explain this choice of name. David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann suggested in 1898 that the name referred to the small, skin-covered eyes. Alternatively, in 2009, Theodore Wells Pietsch III proposed that the name was given because the fish is "so strange and marvelous that it could only be imagined in the dark of the night during a state of unconsciousness”.{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/lophiiformes2/ |title=Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE |author=Christopher Scharpf |date=3 June 2024 |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}

Species

Oneirodes is the most speciose genus in the family Oneirodidae and has the following species classified within it:{{FishBase genus|genus=Oneirodes|month=June|year=2024}}

A fossil member of this genus was found from Miocene-aged deposits of Sakhalin Island.{{Cite journal |last=Nazarkin |first=Mikhail V. |last2=Pietsch |first2=Theodore W. |date=2020 |title=A fossil dreamer of the genus Oneirodes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from the Miocene of Sakhalin Island, Russia |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/fossil-dreamer-of-the-genus-oneirodes-lophiiformes-ceratioidei-from-the-miocene-of-sakhalin-island-russia/830C25FDF91ADFAE8CF8C4B0817A7E0D |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=157 |issue=8 |pages=1378–1382 |doi=10.1017/S0016756820000588 |issn=0016-7568|url-access=subscription }}

Characteristics

Oneiriodes dreamers are characterised by having spines on the sphenotic bone, a deep incision on the rear edge of the operculum, and rod-shaped pelvic bones that are not expanded or expanded only slightly at the tips. The lobe of the pectoral fin is short and wide with the length of the lobe being less than that of the longest pelvic fin rays. There is a spine on the symphysis of the lower jaw and the lower margin of this symphysis is convex. The rays of the caudal fin have no internal pigmentation and the black skin on the caudal peduncle does not extend past the base of the caudal fin. The illicium merges from between the frontal bones, the frontal bones are curved on their upper margin, and the subopercular bone is short and wide with a nearly circular lower part. There are 4, occasionally 5, soft rays in the anal fin.{{Cite journal |author=Theodore W. Pietsch |author-link=Theodore Wells Pietsch III |year=1974 |title=Osteology and relationships of ceratioid anglerfishes of the family Oneirodidae, with a review of the genus Oneirodes Lütken |journal=Science Bulletin, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County |volume=18 |pages=1–113 |url=https://www.nativefishlab.net/library/textpdf/11182.pdf}} A unique character of the metamorphosed females of Oneirodes is that the posterior end of the pterygiophore of the illicium emerges from the skin on the back, behind the head.{{cite journal |author=Mincarone, Michael |author2= Afonso, Gabriel |author3=Di Dario, Fabio |author4=Eduardo, Leandro |author5=Fredou, Thierry |author6=Lucena Frédou, Flavia |author7=Bertrand, Arnaud |author8=Pietsch, Theodore |display-authors=3 |year=2021 |title=Deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from off northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the ceratioids reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology |volume=19 |issue= 2 |page=e200151 |doi=10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0151}} The males have unpigmented skin between the nostrils, and the inner surface of the subopercle is also unpigmented. The caudal peduncle has no subdermal pigments, and there are between 7 and 13 denticles on the lower jaw.{{cite journal |author=E. Bertelsen |author-link=Erik Bertelsen |author2=Theodore W. Pietsch |author2-link=Theodore Wells Pietsch III |name-list-style=and |year=1983 |title=The Ceratioid Anglerfishes of Australia |journal=Records of the Australian Museum |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=77–93 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1975.35.1983.303 |url=https://media.australian.museum/media/Uploads/Journals/17596/303_complete.pdf}} The females range in standard length from {{cvt|10|to|213|mm}}, and the published species descriptions are based on females as there are no known morphological character that separate the males by species. The males are free-living and non-parasitic. Male specimens measure between {{cvt|7.5|and|16|mm}}.

Distribution and habitat

Oneirodes dreamers are found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. They are bathydemersal fishes found at depths between {{cvt|0|and|3800|m}}.{{FishBase|Oneirodes|acanthus|month=June|year=2024}}{{FishBase|Oneirodes|flagellifer|month=June|year=2024}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2332539}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Oneirodidae

Category:Marine fish genera

Category:Taxa named by Christian Frederik Lütken