Onomaris

{{Infobox person

| name = Onomaris

| nationality = Celtic

| era = c. 4th century BCE

}}

{{Short description|Celtic queen}}

Onomaris was a Celtic queen regnant. She is described in the anonymous collection of Greek stories known in Latin as {{em|Tractatus de mulieribus claris in dello}}.{{Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdZMbuVuElEC&q=Onomaris&pg=PA27 |title=The Philosopher and the Druids: A Journey Among the Ancient Celts |date=2006 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=0-7432-8906-4 |location=New York |pages=206}} She is the first Celtic woman mentioned by name in classical records.

According to this text source, her people, suffering from scarcity and needing to flee their land, offered to obey anyone willing to lead them. When no man accepted the offer, Onomaris pooled their resources and led the emigration into southeastern Europe.{{Cite book|title=Celtic Culture: A-Celti, Volume I|last=Koch|first=John|date=2006|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-85109-440-7|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=1396}}{{Cite book |last=Rankin |first=H. D. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52059285 |title=Celts and the classical world |date=1996 |isbn=0-203-27860-7 |location=London |oclc=52059285}} Onomaris crossed the Ister and ruled over the land after defeating the local inhabitants in battle.Gera, Deborah (1997). Warrior Women: The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus. E.J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 10-11. {{ISBN|90-04-10665-0}}. She is estimated to have lived at around the 4th century BC.{{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Phillip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdZMbuVuElEC&q=Onomaris&pg=PA27 |title=The Philosopher and the Druids: A Journey Among the Ancient Celts |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2006 |isbn=0-7432-8906-4 |location=New York, NY |page= |pages=115–116}} She was honored by the Galatians for her feats. However, the historical circumstances of her life are unknown, so it is unclear if she was a real person or a legendary character.{{Cite journal |last=Kazakevych |first=Gennadii |title=Horse-Rider Image on the Coins of the Eastern Celts and the Cult of Celtic War Goddess |date=2021-12-30 |url=https://numismatic-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/111 |journal=The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual |language=en |issue=5 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-81-92 |s2cid=245600751 |issn=2616-6275|doi-access=free }}

Name

The name Onomaris sounds like a Greek word{{Cite book|title=Warrior Women: The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus|last=Gera|first=Deborah|date=2018|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-32988-1|location=Leiden|pages=220}} but it appears to be a compound, with the second element “-maris” reflecting a Celtic root that meant “great”.Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. Vol. 1-, Volume 2 edited by John T. Koch, p.1396 It may also mean “mountain ash”,{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdZ4_PLChykC&q=Onomaris&pg=PA53 |title=Terry Jones' Barbarians - Alan Ereira, Terry Jones |date=2009-05-27 |isbn=9781409070429 |access-date=2015-07-10|last1=Ereira |first1=Alan |last2=Jones |first2=Terry |publisher=Random House }} or possibly “like a great mountain ash or rowan tree”.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDMMAQAAMAAJ&q=Onomaris |title=Celt and Greek: Celts in the Hellenic World - Peter Berresford Ellis |date=1943-03-10 |access-date=2015-07-10|last1=Ellis |first1=Peter Berresford |publisher=Constable |isbn=9780094755802 }}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRgFAQAAIAAJ&q=Onomaris |title=Celtic women: women in Celtic society and literature - Peter Berresford Ellis |date=1943-03-10 |isbn=9780802838087 |access-date=2015-07-10|last1=Ellis |first1=Peter Berresford |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company }} It is also suggested that the on or on(n)o in her name meant “river,” aligning with her story leading a river crossing. In another possible etymology is comes from the element "-ris", which could be related to "-rix," meaning "king".

References