Onykia robusta
{{Short description|Species of cephalopod known as the robust clubhook squid}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Robust clubhook squid
| image = Fish4071 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
| image_caption = An O. robusta specimen next to a human for scale
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Barratt, I. |author2=Allcock, L. |date=2014 |title=Onykia robusta |volume=2014 |page=e.T163252A990102 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163252A990102.en |access-date=18 November 2021}} Downloaded on 16 March 2018.
| taxon = Onykia robusta
| authority = (Verrill, 1876){{cite WoRMS |author= Philippe Bouchet |year= 2018|title=Onykia robusta (Verrill, 1876)|id=410385 |access-date=16 March 2018|db=MolluscaBase}}
| synonyms =
- Moroteuthis robustus
(Verrill, 1876) - Moroteuthis robusta
(Verrill, 1876) - Ommastrephes robusta
Verrill, 1876 - Lestoteuthis robusta
Verrill, 1880 - Ancistroteuthis robusta
Steenstrup, 1882 - Moroteuthis japonica
Taki, 1964 - Moroteuthis pacifica
Okutani, 1983
}}
Onykia robusta, also known as the robust clubhook squid and often cited by the older name Moroteuthis robusta,{{Cite journal
| last = Tsuchiya | first = K. |author2=Okutani, T.
| title = Growth Stages of Moroteuthis robusta (Verrill, 1881) with the Re-evaluation of the Genus
| journal = Bulletin of Marine Science | volume = 49 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 137–147
| publisher = Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science | date = September 1991
| url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1991/00000049/F0020001/art00011
| access-date = 2010-08-06}}{{Cite journal
| last = Wakabayashi | first = T. |author2=Kubodera, T. |author3=Sakai, M. |author4=Ichii, T. |author5=Chow, S.
| title = Molecular evidence for synonymy of the genera Moroteuthis and Onykia and identification of their paralarvae from northern Hawaiian waters
| journal = Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
| volume = 87 | issue = 4 | pages = 959–965 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1017/S0025315407056196 | s2cid = 51898681 }}{{Citation | last = Bolstad | first = Kathrin S. | title = Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) | publisher = Auckland University of Technology | date = 2008-09-25 | url = http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/handle/10292/414 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121220140449/http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/handle/10292/414 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-12-20 | work = Ph.D. Thesis | access-date = 2010-08-06 }}Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa 2696: 1–186. [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02696p186f.pdf Preview]{{Cite web
| last = Vecchione | first = M., R. |author2=Young, E. |author3=Tsuchiya, K.
| title = Onykia robusta (Verrill, 1876). Version 29 November 2009 (under construction)
| website = tolweb.org
| date = 2009-11-29
| url = http://tolweb.org/Onykia_robusta/19976/2009.11.29 | access-date = 2010-08-06}} is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Reaching a mantle length of {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}Norman, M.D. 2000. Cephalopods: A World Guide. ConchBooks. it is the largest member of its family and one of the largest of all cephalopods. The largest specimen with reliable catch data was found in the Bering Sea, a male with a total length of {{cvt|3.72|m|ft}} and weighing {{cvt|41.73|kg|lb}}.{{cite web|url=https://eurekamag.com/research/013/009/013009265.php?srsltid=AfmBOoq-ro1vKkh_Rj1CakRDBD3MN3DIcowp8koQ4LPSKCFO1QveYqnr|title = Records of the giant North Pacific squid Onykia robusta (Cephalopoda : Onychoteuthidae)}} The tentacular clubs are slender, containing 15–18 club hooks. Arms of the species contain 50–60 suckers, and grow to 90–100% of the mantle length. It is found primarily in the boreal to Temperate Northern Pacific.
Genetic diversity
O. robusta has a low genetic diversity, similar to the giant squid Architeuthis dux.{{cite web|url=https://inverts.wallawalla.edu/Mollusca/Cephalopoda/Onykia_robusta.html|title=Onykia Robusta (Verrill 1876)}}
Confusion with ''Architeuthis''
File:Moroteuthis robusta.jpg, Architeuthis dux]]
Some time before 1993, a large individual of O. robusta was photographed by Japanese diver Kubota H. in shallow water off southern Japan.Ellis, R. 1998. The Search for the Giant Squid. The Lyons Press. In this image, the animal, which appears to be sick or dying, is shown with a diver, although the use of a wide-angle lens exaggerates its size. A video of the same squid appears in a Japanese made-for-television film. The image was published in the 1993 book European Seashells by Guido T. Poppe and Goto Yoshihiro, where it was identified as Architeuthis dux, the giant squid, and said to have been taken in the North Atlantic.Poppe, G.T. & Y. Goto. 1993. European Seashells. Hemmen.{{Clarification needed|date=July 2018}} If true, this image would represent the earliest known photograph of a live giant squid.
In The Search for the Giant Squid (1998), Richard Ellis wrote of this photograph:
"For a moment, I thought that some obscure photograph had captured the most elusive image in natural history. Fortunately for those who have devoted their lives to searching for Architeuthis, this was only an aberration, a case of mistaken identity."
More than a decade later, the first photographs of a true live giant squid in the wild were taken, on September 30, 2004.Kubodera, T. & K. Mori. 2005. {{cite journal|url= http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/272/1581/2583.full.pdf |title=First-ever observations of a live giant squid in the wild. |year=2005 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3158 |last1=Kubodera |first1=Tsunemi |last2=Mori |first2=Kyoichi |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=272 |issue=1581 |pages=2583–2586 |pmid=16321779 |pmc=1559985 }} Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 272(1581):2583–2586.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
- Chambers, S. 2008. [http://www.theworldlink.com/articles/2008/06/03/news/doc484587f149503458453481.txt It’s a sea monster! (Sort of)]. The World Link, June 3, 2008.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717030048/http://www.thesiuslawnews.com/V2_news_articles.php?heading=0&story_id=1482&page=77 Third-largest cephalopod]. Siuslaw News, August 4, 2008.