Open-mid front rounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=œ

|ipa number=311

|decimal=339

|x-sampa=9

|kirshenbaum=

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0153.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=ow

}}

File:Spectrogram of open-mid front rounded vowel (IPA œ).png

The open-mid front rounded vowel, or low-mid front rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is {{angbr IPA|œ}}. The symbol œ is a lowercase ligature of the letters o and e. The letter {{angbr IPA|ɶ}}, a small capital version of the {{angbr|Œ}} ligature, is used for a different vowel sound: the open front rounded vowel.

Open-mid front compressed vowel

The open-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|œ}}, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic for compression. However, the compression of the lips can be shown by the letter {{IPAalink|β̞}} as {{angbr IPA|ɛ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɛ]}} and labial compression) or {{angbr IPA|ɛᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɛ]}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic {{angbr IPA| ͍ }} may also be used with a rounded vowel letter {{angbr IPA|œ͍}} as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

=Features=

=Occurrence=

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Asturian \| Some Western dialects{{Cite journal\|last=García\|first=Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena\|date=2015-09-01\|title=Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética\|url=https://www.unioviedo.es/reunido/index.php/RFA/article/view/10904\|journal=Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana\|language=und\|volume=14\|issue=14\|issn=2341-1147}} \| {{lang\|as\|fuöra}} \| {{IPA\|[ˈfwœɾɐ]}} \| 'outside' \| Realization of {{angbr\|o}} in the diphthong {{angbr\|uo}}. May also be realized as {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} or {{IPAblink\|ø}}.
Azeri \|North Azerbaijani \| {{lang\|az\|bənövşəyi}} \| {{IPA\|[bænœy̑ʃæji]}} \| 'purple' \|
rowspan="2" \| Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	{{lang\|bar-AT\|Seil}}	{{IPA\|[sœː]}}	'rope'	Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|y}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|ø̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink\|ø}} and open-mid {{IPA\|[œ]}} front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}. Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɶ}}.
Northern{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}	{{lang\|bar\|I helfad}}	{{IPA\|[i ˈhœlʲfɐd̥]}}	'I'd help'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/l/}}.{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}
rowspan="2" \| Breton	All speakers{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|p=433}}	leur	{{IPA\|[lœːr]}}	'floor'	Short counterpart of {{IPAslink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}} May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ø}}.
Bas-Léon{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}}	{{example needed\|date=May 2017}}			Long; contrasts with the short open-mid {{IPA\|/œ/}} and the long close-mid {{IPAslink\|øː}}. Other speakers have only one mid front rounded vowel {{IPAslink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}}
colspan="2" \| Buwal{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[kʷœ̄lɛ̄lɛ̄]}}	'fine'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}} when adjacent to a labialized consonant.{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}
Catalan \|Capcinès \|{{lang\|ca\|lluna}} \|{{IPA\|['ʎœnə]}} \|'Moon' \|Realization [œ] of “u” in Capcir.https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000504/00000072.pdf See Catalan phonology.
Chinese \|Cantonese \|{{lang\|yue\|長}} / {{transl\|yue\|cheung4}} \|{{IPA\|[tsʰœːŋ˩]}} \|'long' \|See Cantonese phonology
Lombard \|Lombard \|{{lang\|lmo\|fiœ}} \|{{IPA\|[fjœː]}} \|'boy','man' \|Occurs naturally in the language, most frequently in western and northern regions, alternating with ø in many words, and rendered under the letter 'œ', while [ø] is under the letter ö.
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}	{{lang\|da\|gøre}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkœːɐ]}}	'to do'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɶː}}. See Danish phonology
rowspan="3" \| Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1999\|p=76}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=137}}	{{lang\|nl\|manoeuvre}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-manoeuvre.ogg\|[maˈnœːvrə]\|help=no}}	'manoeuvre'	Occurs only in a few loanwords.{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1999\|p=76}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=137}} See Dutch phonology
Some speakers{{sfnp\|van de Velde\|van Hout\|2002}}	{{lang\|nl\|parfum}}	{{IPA\|[pɑrˈfœ̃ː]}}	'perfume'	Nasalized; occurs only in a few loanwords and it is used mainly in southern accents. Often nativized as {{IPA\|[ʏm]}}.{{sfnp\|van de Velde\|van Hout\|2002}} See Dutch phonology
The Hague dialect{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=136}}	{{lang\|nl-NL\|uit}}	{{IPA\|[œːt]}}	'out'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[œy]}} in standard Dutch.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=135–136}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="4" \| English	General New Zealand{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=188}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|pp=582, 591}}	rowspan="3" \| bird	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[bœːd]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'bird'	May be mid {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}} instead. In broader varieties, it is close-mid or higher.{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=188}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|pp=582, 591}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=607}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɵː}}. See New Zealand English phonology
Scouse{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=118, 138}}	Possible realization of the merged {{sc2\|SQUARE}}–{{sc2\|NURSE}} vowel {{IPA\|/eː/}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=118, 138}}
Southern Welsh{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|p=104}}	Also described as mid {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=381}} and close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=95}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}
General South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=118}}	go	{{IPA\|[ɡœː]}}	'go'	Some speakers. Can be a diphthong of the type {{IPA\|[œʉ̯]}}~{{IPA\|[œɘ̯]}} instead. Other South African varieties do not monophthongize. See South African English phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|jeune}}	{{Audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-jeune.wav\|[ʒœn]\|help=no}}	'young'	See French phonology
colspan="2" \|Galician{{Cite book\|title=Gramática da lingua galega\|last=Freixeiro Mato, X. Ramón.\|date=2006\|publisher=Edicions A Nosa Terra\|isbn=84-8341-060-5\|edition=2.\|location=[Vigo, Spain]\|oclc=213259857}} \| {{lang\|gl\|semana}} \| {{IPA\|[s̺œˈmãnɐ̃]}} \| ˈweek' \| Labialization of pre-tonic {{IPA\|[e]}}, which is usually realized as {{IPA\|[o]}}
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=97, 107}}	{{lang\|de\|Hölle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhœlə]}}	'hell'	See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accents{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de-CH\|schön}}	{{IPA\|[ʃœːn]}}	'beautiful'	Close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}} in other accents.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 65}} See Standard German phonology
Limburgish	Many dialects{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|mäö}}	{{IPA\|[mœː]}}	'sleeve'	Central {{IPAblink\|ɞː}} in Maastricht;{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}} the example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
rowspan="2" \| Low German{{sfnp\|Prehn\|2012\|p=157}} \|	{{lang\|nds\|söss}} / {{lang\|nds-NL\|zös}}	{{IPA\|[zœs]}}	'six'
Espírito Santo East Pomeranian{{Sfnp\|Schaeffer\|Meireles\|2014\|p=51}} \| colspan="2" align="center" \|{{IPA\|['hœɫ]}} \|'hell' \|
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Fort\|2001\|p=411}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|bölkje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbœlkjə]}}	'to rear'
rowspan="2" \| West Frisian	Hindeloopers{{sfnp\|van der Veen\|2001\|p=102}}	{{example needed\|date=September 2015}}			rowspan="2" \| See West Frisian phonology
Súdwesthoeksk{{sfnp\|van der Veen\|2001\|p=102}}{{sfnp\|Hoekstra\|2001\|p=83}}	{{lang\|fy\|skoalle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈskœlə]}}	'school'

Open-mid front protruded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|above = Open-mid front protruded vowel

|ipa symbol = œ̫

|ipa symbol2 = œʷ

|ipa symbol3 = ɛʷ

}}

Catford notes{{full citation needed|date=July 2019}} that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One Scandinavian language, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA| ̫}}, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|œʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɛʷ}} (an open-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but it could be misread as a diphthong.

Acoustically, the sound is "between" the more typical compressed open-mid front vowel {{IPA|[œ]}} and the unrounded open-mid front vowel {{IPAblink|ɛ}}.

= Features =

= Occurrence =

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}}{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}}	{{lang\|no\|nøtt}}	{{IPA\|[nœ̫tː]}}	'nut'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as mid central {{IPAblink\|ɞ̝}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}} See Norwegian phonology
rowspan="2" \| Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Eliasson\|1986\|p=273}}{{sfnp\|Thorén\|Petterson\|1992\|pp=13–14}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}}	{{lang\|sv\|öra}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-öra.ogg\|[²œ̫ːra̠]}}	'ear'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/œ/}} and most often also {{IPA\|/øː/}} before {{IPA\|/r/}}.{{sfnp\|Eliasson\|1986\|p=273}}{{sfnp\|Thorén\|Petterson\|1992\|pp=13–14}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}} May be more open {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|ɶ}}, {{IPAplink\|ɶː}}]}} for younger speakers from Stockholm.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}} See Swedish phonology
Younger Stockholm speakers{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}}	{{lang\|sv-SE\|köpa}}	{{IPA\|[²ɕœ̫ːpa̠]}}	'to buy'	Higher {{IPAblink\|øː}} for other speakers. See Swedish phonology

Notes

References

{{citation

|last=Basbøll

|first=Hans

|author-link=Hans Basbøll

|year=2005

|title=The Phonology of Danish

|publisher=Taylor & Francis

|isbn=0-203-97876-5

}}

{{citation

|last1=Bauer

|first1=Laurie

|last2=Warren

|first2=Paul

|year=2004

|chapter=New Zealand English: phonology

|editor-last=Schneider

|editor-first=Edgar W.

|editor2-last=Burridge

|editor2-first=Kate

|editor3-last=Kortmann

|editor3-first=Bernd

|editor4-last=Mesthrie

|editor4-first=Rajend

|editor5-last=Upton

|editor5-first=Clive

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|pages=580–602

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

{{citation

|last1=Collins

|first1=Beverley

|last2=Mees

|first2=Inger M.

|year=2003

|orig-year=First published 1981

|title=The Phonetics of English and Dutch

|edition=5th

|place=Leiden

|publisher=Brill Publishers

|isbn=9004103406

}}

{{citation

|last1=Collins

|first1=Beverley

|last2=Mees

|first2=Inger M.

|year=2013

|orig-year=First published 2003

|title=Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students

|edition=3rd

|publisher=Routledge

|isbn=978-0-415-50650-2

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=faVJTQIw9eQC

}}

{{citation

|last=Connolly

|first=John H.

|editor-last1=Coupland

|editor-first1=Nikolas

|editor-last2=Thomas

|editor-first2=Alan Richard

|year=1990

|title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change

|chapter=Port Talbot English

|publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd.

|pages=121–129

|isbn=1-85359-032-0

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwYt3gVbu4C

}}

{{citation

|last=Cruttenden

|first=Alan

|year=2014

|title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English

|publisher=Routledge

|edition=8th

|isbn=9781444183092

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ

}}

{{citation

|author1=Dudenredaktion

|last2=Kleiner

|first2=Stefan

|last3=Knöbl

|first3=Ralf

|year=2015

|orig-year=First published 1962

|title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ

|language=de

|edition=7th

|location=Berlin

|publisher=Dudenverlag

|isbn=978-3-411-04067-4

}}

{{citation

|last=Eliasson

|first=Stig

|editor-last=Anderson

|editor-first=Henning

|year=1986

|chapter=Sandhi in Peninsular Scandinavian

|title=Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe

|place=Berlin

|publisher=de Gruyter

|pages=271–300

}}

{{citation

|last=Fort

|first=Marron C.

|editor-last1=Munske

|editor-first1=Horst Haider

|editor-last2=Århammar

|editor-first2=Hans

|year=2001

|chapter=36. Das Saterfriesische

|title=Handbook of Frisian studies

|place=Tübingen

|publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH

|pages=409–422

|isbn=3-484-73048-X

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nx-GUm-0OIC

}}

{{citation

|last1=Fougeron

|first1=Cecile

|last2=Smith

|first2=Caroline L.

|year=1993

|title=French

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=23

|issue=2

|pages=73–76

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300004874

|s2cid=249404451

}}

{{citation

|last=Grønnum

|first=Nina

|author-link=Nina Grønnum

|year=1998

|title=Illustrations of the IPA: Danish

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=28

|issue=1 & 2

|pages=99–105

|doi=10.1017/s0025100300006290

|s2cid=249412109

}}

{{citation

|last=Gussenhoven

|first=Carlos

|year=1999

|chapter=Dutch

|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|place=Cambridge

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=0-521-65236-7

|pages=74–77

}}

{{citation

|last1=Gussenhoven

|first1=Carlos

|last2=Aarts

|first2=Flor

|year=1999

|title=The dialect of Maastricht

|publisher=University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=29

|issue=2

|pages=155–166

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006526

|s2cid=145782045

|url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf

}}

{{citation

|last=Hall

|first=Christopher

|year=2003

|orig-year=First published 1992

|title=Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English

|edition=2nd

|place=Manchester

|publisher=Manchester University Press

|isbn=0-7190-6689-1

}}

{{citation

|last=Hoekstra

|first=Jarich

|editor-last1=Munske

|editor-first1=Horst Haider

|editor-last2=Århammar

|editor-first2=Hans

|year=2001

|chapter=12. Standard West Frisian

|title=Handbook of Frisian studies

|publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH

|place=Tübingen

|pages=83–98

|isbn=3-484-73048-X

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nx-GUm-0OIC

}}

{{citation

|last=Kristoffersen

|first=Gjert

|author-link=Gjert Kristoffersen

|year=2000

|title=The Phonology of Norwegian

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0-19-823765-5

}}

{{citation

|last1=Kvifte

|first1=Bjørn

|last2=Gude-Husken

|first2=Verena

|year=2005

|orig-year=First published 1997

|title=Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache

|edition=3rd

|publisher=Gottfried Egert Verlag

|isbn=3-926972-54-8

}}

{{SOWL}}
{{citation

|last=Lass

|first=Roger

|chapter=South African English

|editor-last=Mesthrie

|editor-first=Rajend

|year=2002

|title=Language in South Africa

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=9780521791052

}}

{{citation

|last=Penhallurick

|first=Robert

|editor-last=Schneider

|editor-first=Edgar W.

|editor2-last=Burridge

|editor2-first=Kate

|editor3-last=Kortmann

|editor3-first=Bernd

|editor4-last=Mesthrie

|editor4-first=Rajend

|editor5-last=Upton

|editor5-first=Clive

|year=2004

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|chapter=Welsh English: phonology

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|pages=98–112

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

{{citation

|last=Peters

|first=Jörg

|year=2006

|title=The dialect of Hasselt

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=36

|issue=1

|pages=117–124

|doi=10.1017/S0025100306002428

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Peters

|first=Jörg

|year=2017

|title=Saterland Frisian

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=49

|issue=2

|pages=223–230

|doi=10.1017/S0025100317000226

|s2cid=232348873

}}

{{cite thesis

|last=Prehn

|first=Maike

|year=2012

|title=Vowel quantity and the fortis-lenis distinction in North Low Saxon

|type=PhD

|place=Amsterdam

|publisher=LOT

|isbn=978-94-6093-077-5

|url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/1168313/101796_thesis_klein.pdf

}}

{{citation

|last=Riad

|first=Tomas

|year=2014

|title=The Phonology of Swedish

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0-19-954357-1

}}

{{citation

|last1=Roca

|first1=Iggy

|last2=Johnson

|first2=Wyn

|year=1999

|title= A Course in Phonology

|publisher=Blackwell Publishing

}}

{{citation

|last=Rowley

|first=Anthony R.

|editor-last=Russ

|editor-first=Charles

|year=1990

|chapter=14 North Bavarian

|title=The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey

|place=Abingdon

|publisher=Routledge

|pages=417–437

|isbn=0-415-00308-3

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga3bAAAAQBAJ

}}

{{citation

|last=Ternes

|first=Elmar

|editor-last=MacAulay

|editor-first=Donald

|year=1992

|chapter=The Breton language

|title=The Celtic Languages

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3kIq1DYAkMC

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|pages=371–452

|isbn=0-521-23127-2

}}

{{citation

|last1=Thorén

|first1=Bosse

|last2=Petterson

|first2=Nils-Owe

|year=1992

|title=Svenska Utifrån Uttalsanvisningar

|publisher=Svenska institutet

|isbn=91-520-0284-5

}}

{{citation

|last=Traunmüller

|first=Hartmut

|year=1982

|title=Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.

|journal=Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik

|volume=2

|pages=289–333

}}

{{citation

|last1=van de Velde

|first1=Hans

|last2=van Hout

|first2=Roeland

|year=2002

|chapter=Uitspraakvariatie in leenwoorden

|chapter-url=http://cf.hum.uva.nl/poldernederlands/abn_nederlands/leenwoorden.html

|editor-last1=Hiligsmann

|editor-first1=Philippe

|editor-last2=Leijnse

|editor-first2=Elisabeth

|title=NVT-onderwijs en -onderzoek in Franstalig gebied

|place=Nijmegen

|publisher=Vantilt

|pages=77–95

}}

{{citation

|last=van der Veen

|first=Klaas F.

|editor-last1=Munske

|editor-first1=Horst Haider

|editor-last2=Århammar

|editor-first2=Hans

|year=2001

|chapter=13. West Frisian Dialectology and Dialects

|title=Handbook of Frisian studies

|publisher=Max Niemeyer Verlag GmbH

|place=Tübingen

|pages=98–116

|isbn=3-484-73048-X

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nx-GUm-0OIC

}}

{{citation

|last=Vanvik

|first=Arne

|title=Norsk fonetikk

|year=1979

|publisher=Universitetet i Oslo

|place=Oslo

|isbn=82-990584-0-6

}}

{{citation

|last=Verhoeven

|first=Jo

|year=2007

|title=The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=37

|issue=2

|pages=219–225

|doi=10.1017/S0025100307002940

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Viljoen

|first=Melanie Helen

|year=2013

|title=A grammatical description of the Buwal language

|place=Melbourne

|publisher=La Trobe University

}}

{{Accents of English|hide1=y}}
{{citation|title=Descrição sonora da língua pomerana|first1=Shirlei C. B.|last1=Schaeffer|last2=Meireles|first2=Alexsandro R.|year=2014|doi=10.15448/1984-7726.2014.1.14700|journal=Letras de Hoje|issue=1|volume=49|page=46 |doi-access=free}}

External links

{{phoible|œ}}

Category:Open-mid vowels

Category:Front vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Asturian \| Some Western dialects{{Cite journal\|last=García\|first=Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena\|date=2015-09-01\|title=Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética\|url=https://www.unioviedo.es/reunido/index.php/RFA/article/view/10904\|journal=Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana\|language=und\|volume=14\|issue=14\|issn=2341-1147}} \| {{lang\|as\|fuöra}} \| {{IPA\|[ˈfwœɾɐ]}} \| 'outside' \| Realization of {{angbr\|o}} in the diphthong {{angbr\|uo}}. May also be realized as {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} or {{IPAblink\|ø}}.
Azeri \|North Azerbaijani \| {{lang\|az\|bənövşəyi}} \| {{IPA\|[bænœy̑ʃæji]}} \| 'purple' \|
rowspan="2" \| Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	{{lang\|bar-AT\|Seil}}	{{IPA\|[sœː]}}	'rope'	Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|y}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|ø̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink\|ø}} and open-mid {{IPA\|[œ]}} front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}. Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɶ}}.
Northern{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}	{{lang\|bar\|I helfad}}	{{IPA\|[i ˈhœlʲfɐd̥]}}	'I'd help'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA\|/l/}}.{{sfnp\|Rowley\|1990\|p=422}}
rowspan="2" \| Breton	All speakers{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|p=433}}	leur	{{IPA\|[lœːr]}}	'floor'	Short counterpart of {{IPAslink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}} May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ø}}.
Bas-Léon{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}}	{{example needed\|date=May 2017}}			Long; contrasts with the short open-mid {{IPA\|/œ/}} and the long close-mid {{IPAslink\|øː}}. Other speakers have only one mid front rounded vowel {{IPAslink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Ternes\|1992\|pp=431, 433}}
colspan="2" \| Buwal{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[kʷœ̄lɛ̄lɛ̄]}}	'fine'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/a/}} when adjacent to a labialized consonant.{{sfnp\|Viljoen\|2013\|p=50}}
Catalan \|Capcinès \|{{lang\|ca\|lluna}} \|{{IPA\|['ʎœnə]}} \|'Moon' \|Realization [œ] of “u” in Capcir.https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000504/00000072.pdf See Catalan phonology.
Chinese \|Cantonese \|{{lang\|yue\|長}} / {{transl\|yue\|cheung4}} \|{{IPA\|[tsʰœːŋ˩]}} \|'long' \|See Cantonese phonology
Lombard \|Lombard \|{{lang\|lmo\|fiœ}} \|{{IPA\|[fjœː]}} \|'boy','man' \|Occurs naturally in the language, most frequently in western and northern regions, alternating with ø in many words, and rendered under the letter 'œ', while [ø] is under the letter ö.
Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}	{{lang\|da\|gøre}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkœːɐ]}}	'to do'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɶː}}. See Danish phonology
rowspan="3" \| Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1999\|p=76}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=137}}	{{lang\|nl\|manoeuvre}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-manoeuvre.ogg\|[maˈnœːvrə]\|help=no}}	'manoeuvre'	Occurs only in a few loanwords.{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1999\|p=76}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=137}} See Dutch phonology
Some speakers{{sfnp\|van de Velde\|van Hout\|2002}}	{{lang\|nl\|parfum}}	{{IPA\|[pɑrˈfœ̃ː]}}	'perfume'	Nasalized; occurs only in a few loanwords and it is used mainly in southern accents. Often nativized as {{IPA\|[ʏm]}}.{{sfnp\|van de Velde\|van Hout\|2002}} See Dutch phonology
The Hague dialect{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=136}}	{{lang\|nl-NL\|uit}}	{{IPA\|[œːt]}}	'out'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[œy]}} in standard Dutch.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=135–136}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="4" \| English	General New Zealand{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=188}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|pp=582, 591}}	rowspan="3" \| bird	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[bœːd]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'bird'	May be mid {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}} instead. In broader varieties, it is close-mid or higher.{{sfnp\|Roca\|Johnson\|1999\|p=188}}{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|2004\|pp=582, 591}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=607}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɵː}}. See New Zealand English phonology
Scouse{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=118, 138}}	Possible realization of the merged {{sc2\|SQUARE}}–{{sc2\|NURSE}} vowel {{IPA\|/eː/}}.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|pp=118, 138}}
Southern Welsh{{sfnp\|Penhallurick\|2004\|p=104}}	Also described as mid {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=381}} and close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=95}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}
General South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=118}}	go	{{IPA\|[ɡœː]}}	'go'	Some speakers. Can be a diphthong of the type {{IPA\|[œʉ̯]}}~{{IPA\|[œɘ̯]}} instead. Other South African varieties do not monophthongize. See South African English phonology
colspan="2" \| French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}}	{{lang\|fr\|jeune}}	{{Audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-jeune.wav\|[ʒœn]\|help=no}}	'young'	See French phonology
colspan="2" \|Galician{{Cite book\|title=Gramática da lingua galega\|last=Freixeiro Mato, X. Ramón.\|date=2006\|publisher=Edicions A Nosa Terra\|isbn=84-8341-060-5\|edition=2.\|location=[Vigo, Spain]\|oclc=213259857}} \| {{lang\|gl\|semana}} \| {{IPA\|[s̺œˈmãnɐ̃]}} \| ˈweek' \| Labialization of pre-tonic {{IPA\|[e]}}, which is usually realized as {{IPA\|[o]}}
rowspan="2" \| German	Standard{{sfnp\|Hall\|2003\|pp=97, 107}}	{{lang\|de\|Hölle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhœlə]}}	'hell'	See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accents{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=65}}	{{lang\|de-CH\|schön}}	{{IPA\|[ʃœːn]}}	'beautiful'	Close-mid {{IPAblink\|øː}} in other accents.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 65}} See Standard German phonology
Limburgish	Many dialects{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}	{{lang\|li\|mäö}}	{{IPA\|[mœː]}}	'sleeve'	Central {{IPAblink\|ɞː}} in Maastricht;{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}} the example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
rowspan="2" \| Low German{{sfnp\|Prehn\|2012\|p=157}} \|	{{lang\|nds\|söss}} / {{lang\|nds-NL\|zös}}	{{IPA\|[zœs]}}	'six'
Espírito Santo East Pomeranian{{Sfnp\|Schaeffer\|Meireles\|2014\|p=51}} \| colspan="2" align="center" \|{{IPA\|['hœɫ]}} \|'hell' \|
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Fort\|2001\|p=411}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|bölkje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbœlkjə]}}	'to rear'
rowspan="2" \| West Frisian	Hindeloopers{{sfnp\|van der Veen\|2001\|p=102}}	{{example needed\|date=September 2015}}			rowspan="2" \| See West Frisian phonology
Súdwesthoeksk{{sfnp\|van der Veen\|2001\|p=102}}{{sfnp\|Hoekstra\|2001\|p=83}}	{{lang\|fy\|skoalle}}	{{IPA\|[ˈskœlə]}}	'school'

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 20}}{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}}	{{lang\|no\|nøtt}}	{{IPA\|[nœ̫tː]}}	'nut'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as mid central {{IPAblink\|ɞ̝}}.{{sfnp\|Kristoffersen\|2000\|pp=16–17}} See Norwegian phonology
rowspan="2" \| Swedish	Central Standard{{sfnp\|Eliasson\|1986\|p=273}}{{sfnp\|Thorén\|Petterson\|1992\|pp=13–14}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}}	{{lang\|sv\|öra}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-öra.ogg\|[²œ̫ːra̠]}}	'ear'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/œ/}} and most often also {{IPA\|/øː/}} before {{IPA\|/r/}}.{{sfnp\|Eliasson\|1986\|p=273}}{{sfnp\|Thorén\|Petterson\|1992\|pp=13–14}}{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}} May be more open {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|ɶ}}, {{IPAplink\|ɶː}}]}} for younger speakers from Stockholm.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}} See Swedish phonology
Younger Stockholm speakers{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=38}}	{{lang\|sv-SE\|köpa}}	{{IPA\|[²ɕœ̫ːpa̠]}}	'to buy'	Higher {{IPAblink\|øː}} for other speakers. See Swedish phonology