Open to Debate
{{Short description|American non-profit media group}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Open to Debate Foundation
| logo = Open to Debate Logo Square.png
| logo_caption = Open to Debate Foundation Logo
| logo_alt = Open to Debate Foundation Logo
| logo_upright =
| industry = Nonprofit Media
| founded = 2006 in New York City, United States
| founder = Robert Rosenkranz
| CEO = Clea Conner
| website = {{URL|opentodebate.org/}}
}}
Open to Debate Foundation, formerly Intelligence Squared U.S.,{{Cite news |date=11 April 2023 |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. Becomes Open to Debate |work=PR Newswire |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intelligence-squared-us-is-becoming-open-to-debate-301792693.html |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530203617/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intelligence-squared-us-is-becoming-open-to-debate-301792693.html |archive-date=30 May 2023}} is a nonpartisan, nonprofit media group that produces nationally broadcast debates and conversations spanning technology, law, global affairs, culture, science, medicine, and public policy issues. The mission of the organization is to "address the extreme polarization of our nation and our politics" and "restore critical thinking, facts, reason, and civility to American public discourse".{{Cite web |title=What is Open to Debate? |url=https://opentodebate.org/about/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820095057/https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/about-iq2/ |archive-date=20 August 2022 |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}}
Open to Debate has produced more than 200 live debates since 2006, when it was the U.S. division of the London based media group Intelligence Squared. In 2019, it hosted the first debate ever between an artificial intelligence and a human being, in partnership with IBM's "Project Debater”.{{Cite news |last=Amer |first=Pakinam |date=17 March 2021 |title=AI Can Now Debate with Humans and Sometimes Convince Them Too |work=Scientific American |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/ai-can-now-debate-with-humans-and-sometimes-convince-them-too/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812062517/https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/ai-can-now-debate-with-humans-and-sometimes-convince-them-too/ |archive-date=12 August 2022}}
Open to Debate episodes have been broadcast on NPR since 2007,{{cite web |title='Better More Surveillance than Another 9/11' |url=https://www.npr.org/2007/04/25/9801668/better-more-surveillance-than-another-9-11 |website=NPR |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302082633/https://www.npr.org/2007/04/25/9801668/better-more-surveillance-than-another-9-11 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |date=25 April 2007}} in addition to Bloomberg Television,{{Cite news |date=February 16, 2011 |title=Intelligence Squared Debates Examines America's Two-Party System |work=GlobeNewswire |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2011/02/16/440324/14749/en/America-s-House-Divided.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223119/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2011/02/16/440324/14749/en/America-s-House-Divided.html |archive-date=26 April 2022}}{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2020 |title=Bloomberg Television and Intelligence Squared U.S. Announce Lineup for Debut "That’s Debatable" Episode |url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-09-18-Bloomberg-Television-Intelligence-Squared-US-Announce-Lineup-for-Debut-Thats-Debatable-Episode-October-9-at-7-00-PM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034701/https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-09-18-Bloomberg-Television-Intelligence-Squared-US-Announce-Lineup-for-Debut-Thats-Debatable-Episode-October-9-at-7-00-PM |archive-date=22 October 2020 |website=IBM Newsroom}} BBC,{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2009 |title=Intelligence Squared Debate on George W. Bush's Legacy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00hdfj8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223118/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00hdfj8 |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=BBC}} PBS,{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2013 |title=WTTW National Production Intelligence Squared |url=https://interactive.wttw.com/about/productions/wttw-national-productions/intelligence-squared |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121200413/https://interactive.wttw.com/about/productions/wttw-national-productions/intelligence-squared |archive-date=21 January 2013 |website=WTTW PBS Station}} Newsy,{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2017 |title=Up For Debate with Intelligence Squared U.S. and Newsy |url=https://www.newsy.com/series/up-for-debate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810152923/https://www.newsy.com/series/up-for-debate/ |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=January 10, 2022 |website=Newsy}} C-SPAN,{{Cite web |title=Intelligence Squared On the C-SPAN Networks |url=https://www.c-span.org/organization/?65242/Intelligence-Squared |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120132423/https://www.c-span.org/organization/?65242/Intelligence-Squared |archive-date=20 January 2022 |website=C-SPAN}} and education streaming platform Wondrium.{{Cite web |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. Collection on Wondrium |url=https://www.wondrium.com/collections/intelligence-squared |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112192538/https://www.wondrium.com/collections/intelligence-squared |archive-date=12 November 2021 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |website=Wondrium}}
In April 2023, Intelligence Squared U.S. changed its name to Open to Debate to reflect their shift toward a model of open discussion which they hoped would help combat rising levels of polarization in US politics.
Founding
Open to Debate was founded in 2006, originally named Intelligence Squared U.S., by philanthropist Robert Rosenkranz as a nonprofit organization based on Intelligence Squared in the UK.{{Cite web |date=14 February 2007 |title=INTELLIGENCE SQUARED Philanthropy Roundtable |url=https://www.rosenkranzfdn.org/in-the-news/intelligence-squared |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609043832/http://rosenkranzfdn.org/in-the-news/intelligence-squared/ |archive-date=9 June 2015 |website=The Rosenkranz Foundation}} It was created as a distinctly nonpartisan, nonprofit institution with a mission to "raise the level of public discourse" in America.{{Cite web |title=Mission statement for IQ2US |url=http://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115210229/http://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/ |archive-date=15 January 2007 |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}}{{Cite news |last=Konigsberg |first=Eric |date=June 2, 2007 |title=A Hobby That’s Part Party, Part Debate, All Intellect |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/nyregion/02friends.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426224002/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/02/nyregion/02friends.html |archive-date=26 April 2022}} Based in New York City, Open to Debate produces a weekly debate program that is broadcast as a radio program, podcast, and digital video. Open to Debate hosts debates around the country and partners with a variety of institutions in the private and public sectors.{{Cite web |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. Partners and Sponsors |url=https://opentodebate.org/about/get-involved/#partner_with_us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820095029/https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/support-us/debate-sponsorships/ |archive-date=20 August 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}}
Programming
Open to Debate programs a variety of debate formats, including Oxford-Style{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVmShH0-9xY |title=Oxford-Style Debate, Explained |date=12 July 2016 |publisher=Intelligence Squared |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729090130/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVmShH0-9xY |archive-date=29 July 2022 |via=YouTube}} inspired by the Oxford Union, Unresolved, Agree-To-Disagree, and interviews on American public discourse trends.{{Cite web |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. All Debates |url=https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/debates/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630142537/https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/debates/ |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}} In the traditional Oxford-style debate format, two teams of two are assembled to debate a sharply framed resolution and the debate is conducted in three rounds: opening remarks, a cross examination and live audience Q&A, and closing remarks. In the “Unresolved” format, which the organization created, up to five participants can debate and change their mind from one resolution to another.{{Cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=Unresolved: American Policing |url=https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/debate/unresolved-american-policing/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223310/https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/debate/unresolved-american-policing/ |archive-date=26 April 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}}
Activism on US presidential debates
Open to Debate has called for the need to “fix the presidential debates” since 2016.{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. Advocates For Presidential Debate Reform with Petition |url=https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-presidential-debate-reform-change.org-petition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710071123/https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-presidential-debate-reform-change.org-petition |archive-date=10 July 2016 |publisher=Shore Fire Media}} The organization launched a petition and media campaign calling on the Commission on Presidential Debates to reform the debate formats that are presented to the American public. The petition called on Americans to support an initiative to change the format of the Presidential debates, and garnered more than 60,000 signatures and millions of engagements on YouTube and across social media.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz2P4pzerPU |title=How to Fix America's Presidential Debates |date=14 June 2016 |publisher=Intelligence Squared U.S. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223122/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz2P4pzerPU |archive-date=26 April 2022 |via=YouTube}}
In 2017, Open to Debate was a co-sponsor of the 2017 New York City mayoral election debates, broadcast on NY1.{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2017 |title=NY1 Online: A Higher Debate |url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/queens/search/politics/2017/10/10/john-donvan-intelligence-squared-us-oxford-style-debate-format-ny1-mayoral-debate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002042015/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/queens/search/politics/2017/10/10/john-donvan-intelligence-squared-us-oxford-style-debate-format-ny1-mayoral-debate |archive-date=2 October 2022 |publisher=NY1 News}}{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2017 |title=Intelligence Squared U.S. Co-Sponsors NYC's Mayoral Democratic Primary Debate |url=https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-co-sponsors-nycs-mayoral-democratic-primary-debat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223122/https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-co-sponsors-nycs-mayoral-democratic-primary-debat |archive-date=26 April 2022 |publisher=Shore Fire Media}}{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2016 |title=Reform the Debates? |url=https://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2016/09/reform-debates-american-graduate-day-stuffed-love-harriet-tubman/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918135742/https://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2016/09/reform-debates-american-graduate-day-stuffed-love-harriet-tubman/ |archive-date=18 September 2016 |publisher=PBS Station Thirteen}}
During the 2020 election, Open to Debate was featured in The New Yorker,{{Cite magazine |last=Lepore |first=Jill |author-link=Jill Lepore |date=September 12, 2016 |title=The State of the Presidential Debate |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/09/19/the-state-of-the-presidential-debate |magazine=The New Yorker |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710205422/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/09/19/the-state-of-the-presidential-debate |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022}} Politico,{{Cite news |last= |date=November 20, 2019 |title=10 Ideas to Blow Up the Presidential Debate Format |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2019/11/20/democratc-debate-format-ideas-072011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912201927/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2019/11/20/democratc-debate-format-ideas-072011 |archive-date=12 September 2022}} and CNN,{{Cite news |last=Smerconish |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Smerconish |date=30 July 2016 |title=How to Fix the Presidential Debates with John Donovan |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/07/30/how-to-fix-the-presidential-debates.cnn |access-date=January 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223118/https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/07/30/how-to-fix-the-presidential-debates.cnn |archive-date=26 April 2022}} among other media outlets, to help improve the Presidential debates.{{Cite news |date=December 11, 2019 |title=How Debates Should Be: Intelligence Squared U.S. Announces Spring Season Tackling the Electoral College, the Two-Party System, Gene Editing, and Much More |publisher=Shore Fire Media |url=https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-announces-spring-season |access-date=February 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002042730/https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/intelligence-squared-u.s.-announces-spring-season |archive-date=2 October 2022}} During the 2020 election, they presented three virtual debates on Bloomberg Television,{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2020 |title=Bloomberg Television and Intelligence Squared U.S. Present That's Debatable |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/btv/series/thats-debatable |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211123021/https://www.bloomberg.com/btv/series/thats-debatable |archive-date=11 February 2021 |publisher=Bloomberg Television}} which were referenced as examples of how Presidential debates could still be produced during a global pandemic.{{Cite news |last=Rivero |first=Nicolás |date=October 8, 2020 |title=What would a virtual presidential debate look like? |work=Quartz |url=https://qz.com/1915223/what-would-a-trump-biden-virtual-presidential-debate-look-like/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114070501/https://qz.com/1915223/what-would-a-trump-biden-virtual-presidential-debate-look-like/ |archive-date=14 January 2021}}
Project Debater AI and That's Debatable program
In 2019, Open to Debate served as the host of the first debate in history between an artificial intelligence and a human debater.{{Cite news |last=Samuel |first=Sigal |date=12 February 2019 |title=An AI system competed against a human debate champion. Here's what happened. |work=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/12/18222392/artificial-intelligence-debate-ibm-san-francisco |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213074544/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/12/18222392/artificial-intelligence-debate-ibm-san-francisco |archive-date=13 February 2019}} The debate took place between IBM's Project Debater, an artificial intelligence project designed to debate humans, and Harish Natarajan, who holds the world record in number of debate competition victories. The motion was "We should subsidize preschools."{{Cite news |last=IBM Research Editorial Staff |date=February 12, 2019 |title=Think 2019 Kicks Off with Live Debate Between Man and Machine |publisher=IBM |url=https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/02/ai-debate-recap-think-2019/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331074711/https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/02/ai-debate-recap-think-2019/ |archive-date=31 March 2019}}{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3u-1yttrVw |title=Live Debate - IBM Project Debater |date=11 February 2019 |publisher=Intelligence Squared U.S. |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002051557/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3u-1yttrVw |archive-date=2 October 2022}} It has since been featured in a documentary produced by IBM {{Cite news |date=May 6, 2020 |title=Epic Digital documents the making of IBM Project Debater: The first AI to debate a human |publisher=Vox Media |url=https://www.voxmedia.com/about-vox-media/2020/5/5/21247897/epic-digital-documents-the-making-of-ibm-project-debater-the-first-ai-to-debate-a-human |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715050710/https://www.voxmedia.com/about-vox-media/2020/5/5/21247897/epic-digital-documents-the-making-of-ibm-project-debater-the-first-ai-to-debate-a-human |archive-date=15 July 2020}} and in Adam Grant's book, Think Again.{{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Adam |title=Think Again |publisher=Penguin Random House |year=2022 |isbn=978-1984878106 |language=English |chapter=5: Project Debater |author-link=Adam Grant}}
"That's Debatable" followed two years later as a television series presented by Bloomberg Media and Open to Debate{{Cite news |date=September 3, 2020 |title=Bloomberg Media and Intelligence Squared U.S. present a new limited debate series "That's Debatable" hosted by Award-Winning Journalist and Moderator John Donvan and featuring AI from IBM Watson |publisher=PR Newswire |agency=Bloomberg Media |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bloomberg-media-and-intelligence-squared-us-present-a-new-limited-debate-series-thats-debatable-hosted-by-award-winning-journalist-and-moderator-john-donvan-and-featuring-ai-from-ibm-watson-301123833.html |access-date=April 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916070225/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bloomberg-media-and-intelligence-squared-us-present-a-new-limited-debate-series-thats-debatable-hosted-by-award-winning-journalist-and-moderator-john-donvan-and-featuring-ai-from-ibm-watson-301123833.html |archive-date=16 September 2020}}
For each episode of "That's Debatable," IBM Watson used a new advance in natural language processing (NLP) from IBM Research to provide insight into three distinct debate topics. More than 5,000 arguments were submitted online from around the world across the three topics, which were then analyzed and distilled into key points that were highlighted on the show and discussed by human debaters.{{Cite news |last=Kahn |first=Jeremy |date=9 October 2020 |title=IBM showcases latest A.I. advancements on "That's Debatable" TV show |work=Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2020/10/09/ibm-ai-advancements-bloomberg-thats-debatable-clinton-administration/ |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223118/https://fortune.com/2020/10/09/ibm-ai-advancements-bloomberg-thats-debatable-clinton-administration/ |archive-date=26 April 2022}}
Partnerships
Open to Debate has partnered with various institutions in the private sector, public sector, and academia, including the Mayo Clinic,{{Cite web |last=Harringa |first=Adam |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Mayo Clinic's Transform 2017 to bring together health care leaders |url=https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinics-transform-2017-to-bring-together-health-care-leaders/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026063311/https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinics-transform-2017-to-bring-together-health-care-leaders/ |archive-date=26 October 2021 |website=Mayo Clinic}} the Brussels Forum,{{Cite web |title=Brussels Forum 2019: Oxford-Style Debate Moderated by Intelligence Squared's John Donvan |url=https://www.gmfus.org/news/brussels-forum-2019-oxford-style-debate-moderated-intelligence-squared-s-john-donvan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701190258/https://www.gmfus.org/news/brussels-forum-2019-oxford-style-debate-moderated-intelligence-squared-s-john-donvan |archive-date=1 July 2023 |website=German Marshall Fund}}{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVHnrGz42nw |title=Brussels Forum 2020 // Intelligence Squared U.S. Debate: Nationalism Is a Force for Good |date=26 June 2020 |publisher=Brussels Forum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426222942/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVHnrGz42nw |archive-date=26 April 2022 |via=YouTube}} Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law,{{Cite web |date=30 September 2021 |title=We Should Expand The Supreme Court |url=https://www.law.northwestern.edu/student-life/events/minow-debates/2021/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923085230/https://www.law.northwestern.edu/student-life/events/minow-debates/2021/ |archive-date=23 September 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law}} Techonomy,{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2018 |title=IQ2 Debate: Silicon Valley Has Lost Its Soul |url=https://techonomy.com/video/iq2-debate-silicon-valley-lost-soul/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002051446/https://techonomy.com/video/iq2-debate-silicon-valley-lost-soul/ |archive-date=2 October 2022 |website=Techonomy}} the Philanthropy Roundtable,{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2015 |title=Debate: Where Should You Live, and Why? |url=http://robertrosenkranz.com/debate-introduction-where-should-you-live-and-why/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027155522/http://robertrosenkranz.com/debate-introduction-where-should-you-live-and-why/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |website=Rosenkranz Foundation}} Stanford University's Hoover Institution,{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Hoover Institution Fellows Feature In "Intelligence Squared" Debate About How To Deal With Iran |url=https://www.hoover.org/news/hoover-institution-fellows-feature-intelligence-squared-debate-about-how-deal-iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205132021/https://www.hoover.org/news/hoover-institution-fellows-feature-intelligence-squared-debate-about-how-deal-iran |archive-date=5 December 2021 |website=Hoover Institution}} The Richmond Forum,{{Cite news |last=Essa |first=Antoinette |date=December 22, 2021 |title=Richmond Forum to bring prominent names to the Altria Theater |work=WTVR-TV |url=https://www.wtvr.com/community/a-list-events/richmond-forum-to-bring-prominent-names-to-the-altria-theater |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223052118/https://www.wtvr.com/community/a-list-events/richmond-forum-to-bring-prominent-names-to-the-altria-theater |archive-date=23 December 2021}} and many more.
Open to Debate has brought more than 800 prominent public figures to the program, garnering thousands of headlines in the press.{{Cite web |title=All Debaters: The World's Greatest Minds Take To The IQ2US Stage |url=https://opentodebate.org/about/debaters/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820095141/https://www.intelligencesquaredus.org/about/debaters/ |archive-date=20 August 2022 |website=Intelligence Squared U.S.}} Past guests and their corresponding debates include:
Dan Abrams, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Stewart Baker, Peter Beinart, Jared Bernstein, Max Boot, Jamelle Bouie, Stewart Brand, Ian Bremmer, David Brooks, Meredith Broussard, Gloria Browne-Marshall, Nicholas Burns, David Carr, Julian Castro, Ze'ev Chafets, Liz Cheney, Michael Chertoff, Derek Chollet, Deepak Chopra, George Church, Wesley Clark, Roger Clegg, Chuck Close, Eliot A. Cohen, Jonathan Cohn, Steve Coll, Tyler Cowen, Michael Crichton, Clive Crook,{{Cite news |last=Crook |first=Clive |author-link=Clive Crook |date=February 3, 2017 |title=I Gave Trump a Chance -- and Lost |work=BQ Prime |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/i-gave-trump-a-chance-and-lost |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426223119/https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/i-gave-trump-a-chance-and-lost |archive-date=26 April 2022}} Howard Dean, Alan Dershowitz, Suzanne DiMaggio, Tim Draper, Esther Dyson, Elizabeth Economy, Zeke Emmanuel, Noah Feldman, Niall Ferguson, Helen Fisher, Jeff Flake, Michele Flournoy, Franklin Foer, David French, David Frum, Jason Furman, Peter Galbraith, Robert P. George, Nick Gillespie, Malcolm Gladwell, Victor Davis Hanson, Melissa Harris-Perry, Michael Hayden, Christopher Hitchens, John Hockenberry, Matthew Hoh, Margaret Hoover, Arianna Huffington, Jeff Jarvis, Karine Jean-Pierre, Simon Johnson, Van Jones, Andrew Keen, Zeba Khan, Parag Khanna, Kris Kobach, Bernard Kouchner, William Kristol, Paul Krugman, Arthur Laffer, Lawrence Lessig, Bernard-Henri Lévy, Bjørn Lomborg, Rich Lowry, John Mackey, Katherine Mangu-Ward, HR McMaster, Roger McNamee, John H McWhorter, John J. Mearsheimer, Yascha Mounk, Dambisa Moyo, Lawrence O'Donnell, P. J. O'Rourke, David Petraeus, Steven Rattner, Kenneth Rogoff, Jeffrey Rosen, Nouriel Roubini, Karl Rove, Jennifer Rubin, Jerry Saltz, David Sanger, Marietje Schaake, Kori Schake, Orville Schell, Peter Schiff, Bobby Shriver, Kristen Silverberg, Eliot Spitzer, Bret Stephens, Harry Stern, Andrew Stern, John Stossel, Nadine Strossen, Gillian Tett, Peter Thiel, Laura Tyson, Katrina vanden Heuvel, Randi Weingarten, Jacob Weisberg, Einat Wilf, Richard Wolff, David Wolpe, Fareed Zakaria, Mark Zandi, Jonathan Zittrain, Manoush Zomorodi, Mort Zuckerman, and hundreds more.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website|https://www.opentodebate.org/}}
- [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/open-to-debate/id216713308 Open to Debate Podcast on Apple]
- [https://open.spotify.com/show/1AbzWQIcnXKtDkV4Qw9UOY Open to debate Podcast on Spotify]
- [https://intelligencesquaredus.org Intelligence Squared U.S. redirected website]
- [https://intelligencesquared.com Intelligence Squared UK]
Category:Non-profit organizations based in the United States