Openbill stork

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Openbill storks

| image = Anastomus lamelligerus 1838, b.jpg

| image_caption = African openbill by Huet & Prêtre

| taxon = Anastomus

| authority = Bonnaterre, 1791

| type_species = Ardea oscitans{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=23 |title= Ciconiidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-27}}

| type_species_authority = Boddaert, 1783

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = * Anastomus lamelligerus

Anastomus oscitans

| synonyms =

Hians Lacepede, 1799
Rhynchochasme Hermann, 1804
Empharis Rafinesque, 1815 (Nom. Nov.)
Apertirostra Drapiez, 1822
Chaenoramphe Dumont, 1817
Chaenoramphus Thon, 1830 (Emend.)
Chenoramphus Gray, 1848 (Emend.)
Hiator Reichenbach, 1852-53

}}

The openbill storks or openbills are two species of stork (family Ciconiidae) in the genus Anastomus. They are large wading birds characterized by large bills, the mandibles of which do not meet except at the tip. This feature develops only in the adults. Both species feed predominantly on molluscs. The roof of the upper bill is fringed with plate-like structures ("lamellae") in the African openbill, but these are absent in the Asian openbill.{{cite journal |url= https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo19011zool#page/365/mode/1up|author=Beddard, F. E. |year=1901| title= Some Notes upon the Anatomy and Systematic Position of the Ciconiine Genus Anastomus|journal= Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London|volume=70|issue=2 |pages=365–371| doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1901.tb08551.x }}{{cite journal| journal= Journal of Ornithology| volume= 112| issue= 1 | pages= 21–35| doi=10.1007/BF01644077| title=Food and feeding behavior of Openbill Storks|author= Kahl, MP|year=1971 | bibcode= 1971JOrni.112...21K| s2cid= 1484358}}

Taxonomy

The genus Anastomus was erected by the French naturalist Pierre Bonnaterre in 1791.{{ cite book | last1=Bonnaterre | first1=Pierre Joseph | author1-link=Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre | last2=Vieillot | first2=Louis Pierre | author2-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1823 | title=Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature: Ornithologie | volume=Part 1 | language=fr | location=Paris | publisher=Panckoucke | page=xciii | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51114668 }} Although the title page bears the date of 1823 the section (livraison) containing the description was published in 1791. See: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | page=78 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 }} The type species was subsequently designated as the Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans).{{ cite book | last=Gray | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1841 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | edition=2nd | place=London | publisher= R. and J.E. Taylor | page=87 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14050318}}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=246–247 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108886 }} The name Anastomus is from the Ancient Greek αναστομοω anastomoō meaning "to furnish with a mouth" or "with mouth wide-opened".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n46 46] }}

There are two species of openbilled storks:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, cormorants, darters | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/storks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=16 July 2019 }}

{{Species table |genus=Anastomus |authority-name=Bonnaterre |authority-year=1791 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name=African openbill |binomial=Anastomus lamelligerus

|image=File:African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus, Chobe National Park, Botswana (31548249924), crop.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Temminck|authority-year=1823 |authority-not-original=

|range= A resident breeder in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Madagascar

|range-image=File:Anastomus lamelligerus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=measuring {{cvt|80|–|94|cm}} and weighing {{cvt|1|–|1.3|kg}}

|habitat=

|hunting= aquatic snails and fresh water mussels

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on

| A. l. lamelligerus

| A. l. madagascariensis

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Asian openbill|binomial=Anastomus oscitans

|image=File:Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) in Kolkata I IMG 0495.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Boddaert |authority-year=1783 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= A resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Southeast Asia.

|range-image=File:Asian Openbill.JPG

|range-image-size=180px

|size={{cvt|68|cm}} height ({{cvt|81|cm}} long).

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

References

Category:Taxa named by Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre