Operation Hermann

{{short description|1943 German military operation in occupied Belarus}}

{{Infobox military conflict

| title = Operation Hermann

| partof = Bandenbekämpfung in German-occupied Belarus during World War II

| date = {{start and end dates|1943|7|13|1943|8|11|df=yes}}

| place = Naliboki Forest, German-occupied Belarus

| result = Inconclusive

| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}
{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}} Belarusian Polizei

| combatant2 = {{plainlist|

• {{flagicon|Polish Underground State}} Home Army
• Bielski partisans

}}

| casualties1 = 52 killed
165 wounded
5 missing
several armored vehicles and carsHubert Kuberski. Unternehmen „Hermann” – pacyfikacja Puszczy Nalibockiej z perspektywy SS-Sonderbataillon Dirlewanger. „Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem”. 44 (2), 2022. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. p. 132.

| commander2 = {{flagicon|Polish Underground State}} Kacper Miłaszewski

| casualties2 = {{flagicon|Polish Underground State}} Polish Underground State:
approx. 40 killed
approx 100–150 missing
several dozen woundedKazimierz Krajewski. Powstanie iwienieckie i zapomniane boje w Puszczy Nalibockiej. „Biuletyn Informacyjny AK” p. 36.

| casualties3 = {{plainlist|

• 4,280 civilians killed
• 60 villages destroyed

}}

| conflict = Operation Hermann

| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} Curt von Gottberg
{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}} Barys Rahula

| units1 = 1st and 12th Police Armored Companies 47th Belarusian Schutzmannschaft Battalions

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Niquille-067-24, Russland, Festnahme von Partisanen.jpg

| caption = Operation "Herman". Waffen-SS soldiers and a village boy captured by them

}}

Operation Hermann was a German anti-partisan action in the Naliboki forest area carried out between 13 July 1943 and 11 August 1943. The German battle groups destroyed settlements in the area. During the operation, German troops burned down over 60 Polish and Belarusian villages and murdered 4280 civilians. Between 21,000 and 25,000 people were sent to forced labour in the Third Reich.[https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ1HKmG9xZ8C&q=%22operation+hermann%22&pg=PA492 Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin], Timothy Snyder, pages 273-274[https://books.google.com/books?id=NH0K92ZcNN0C&dq=%22operation+hermann%22+arad&pg=PA297 In the Shadow of the Red Banner: Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany], Yitzhak Arad, pages 297-298

The Germans, with the support of Belarusian collaborationists, killed most of the local Jews and launched merciless terror against the Polish population. At the same time, the boundless Nalibotsky Forest became a refuge for Red Army soldiers who managed to escape German capture and for Jews who escaped from the surrounding ghettos.{{Cite book |title=Podgóreczny |date=2010}}

Following the operation, the communities around the Naliboki forest were devastated, the Germans deported the non-Jewish residents fit for work to Germany for slave labor and murdered most of the rest. Prior to the manhunt, homeless refugees were mainly Jews who had escaped the ghetto, but in the fall of 1943 non-Jewish Belarusians, Poles, and Roma who managed to flee roamed in the forest. Many joined partisan units, special family camps set up by the Soviets, and some joined the Bielski group who returned to the area and accepted anyone willing to join. While the Germans wrecked many communities, much was left behind in and around the forest that could sustain life. Fields, orchards, and beehives all had their produce and farm animals roamed the area around the forest.[https://books.google.com/books?id=tM9EeN01rvYC&q=wrecked+many+communities Defiance], Oxford University Press, Nechama Tec, 1993, pages 127-129