Operation Sharp Guard

The operation replaced naval blockades Operation Maritime Guard (of NATO; begun by the U.S. in November 1992) and Sharp Fence (of the WEU).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMfuht7crW4C&q=sharp+guard&pg=PA174|title=America's Global Advantage: US Hegemony and International Cooperation|author=Carla Norrlof|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-74938-1|year=2010|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201930/https://books.google.com/books?id=lMfuht7crW4C&q=sharp+guard&pg=PA174|url-status=live}} It put them under a single chain of command and control (the "Adriatic Military Committee", over which the NATO and WEU Councils exerted joint control), to address what their respective Councils viewed as wasteful duplication of effort.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rZZW2xuaysC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA146|title=Challenges for the new peacekeepers|author=Trevor Findlay|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-829199-X|year=1996|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201931/https://books.google.com/books?id=-rZZW2xuaysC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA146|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djyivTHeZYYC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA214|title=The elusive quest for European security: from EDC to CFSP|author=Simon Duke|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-22402-8|year=2000|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201931/https://books.google.com/books?id=djyivTHeZYYC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA214|url-status=live}} Some maintain that despite the nominal official joint command and control of the operation, in reality it was NATO staff that ran the operation.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA58|title=NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and 'policy communities,' 1990-1999|author=Giovanna Bono|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=0-7546-0944-8|year=2003|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201932/https://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA58|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxuQSfPJeEoC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA170|title=German foreign policy since unification: theories and case studies|author=Volker Rittberger|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=0-7190-6040-0|year=2001|access-date=June 8, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201932/https://books.google.com/books?id=KxuQSfPJeEoC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA170|url-status=live}}

The operation's purpose was, through a blockade on shipments to the former Yugoslavia,{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june10/gaza2_06-02.html |author=Judy Woodruf |title=As Flotilla Inquiry Calls Grow Louder, Legality of Gaza Blockade Examined |publisher=PBS NewsHour |date=June 2, 2010 |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=June 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618074013/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june10/gaza2_06-02.html |url-status=live }} to enforce economic sanctions and an arms embargo of weapons and military equipment against the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and rival factions in Croatia and Bosnia.[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA328118.pdf Kathleen M. Reddy, "Operation Sharp Guard: Lesson Learned for the Policymaker and Commander"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002191429/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA328118&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |date=2012-10-02 }}, June 13, 1997, retrieved June 7, 2010{{Cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67138475.html?refid=gnews_1108 |title=Analysis: NATO's predecessor about to go out of business. |publisher=United Press International |date=November 20, 2000 |access-date=June 7, 2010}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/americannavalhis0003swee |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/americannavalhis0003swee/page/292 292] |quote=operation sharp guard. |title=American naval history: an illustrated chronology of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1775-present|author=Jack Sweetman|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1-55750-867-4|year= 2002|access-date=June 7, 2010}} The Yugoslav Wars were being waged, and the participants of the blockade hoped to limit the fighting and destruction by limiting supplies being imported into the area.

Fourteen nations contributed ships and patrol aircraft to the operation. At any given time, 22 ships and 8 aircraft were enforcing the blockade, with ships from Standing Naval Force Atlantic and Standing Naval Force Mediterranean establishing a rotating duty.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ROlQUFZIpoC&q=%22sharp+guard%22+-operation-sharp-guard&pg=PA216|title=The United Nations Security Council and war: the evolution of thought and practice since 1945|author=Vaughan Lowe|author2=Adam Roberts|author3=Jennifer Welsh|publisher=Oxford University Press US|isbn=978-0-19-953343-5|year=2008|access-date=June 9, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201933/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ROlQUFZIpoC&q=%22sharp+guard%22+-operation-sharp-guard&pg=PA216|url-status=live}} (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the U.K., and the U.S.), and eight maritime patrol aircraft, were involved in searching for and stopping blockade runners.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pQpZm_V3N8C&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA65|title=Putting teeth in the tiger: improving the effectiveness of arms embargoes|author=Michael Brzoska|author2=George A. Lopez|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-84855-202-9|year=2009|access-date=June 8, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201933/https://books.google.com/books?id=3pQpZm_V3N8C&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWS92WULujwC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA55|title=Germany, pacifism and peace enforcement; Europe in change|author=Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=0-7190-7268-9|year=2006|access-date=June 8, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201934/https://books.google.com/books?id=YWS92WULujwC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA55|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayXnBkk3UZkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA21|title=The role of European naval forces after the Cold War|author=G. C. de Nooy|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=90-411-0227-2|year=1996|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201936/https://books.google.com/books?id=ayXnBkk3UZkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA21|url-status=live}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Op1Pj0UGIGAC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA175|title=Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, 1940-2000: An Illustrated History|author=Ronald M. Williamson|publisher=Turner Publishing Company|isbn=1-56311-730-4|year=2000|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201935/https://books.google.com/books?id=Op1Pj0UGIGAC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA175|url-status=live}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLYyYUaue8gC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA315 |title=The Canadian way of war: serving the national interest |author=Bernd Horn |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=1-55002-612-7 |year=2006 |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201959/https://books.google.com/books?id=DLYyYUaue8gC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA315 |url-status=live }}

Most contributors to the operation supplied one or two ships. The Turkish Navy, for example, participated with frigates, submarines, and tankers.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mvjm82mAKfkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA191 |title=War and change in the Balkans: nationalism, conflict and cooperation |author=Brad K. Blitz |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-67773-4 |year=2006 |access-date=June 8, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320202005/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mvjm82mAKfkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA191 |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ICzcJIzytVIC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA181 |title=Contentious issues of security and the future of Turkey |author=Nurşin Ateşoğlu Güney |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7546-4931-1 |year=2007 |access-date=June 8, 2010 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201959/https://books.google.com/books?id=ICzcJIzytVIC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA181 |url-status=live }}

File:Zeffiro (F577) Beirut.jpg

The operational area was divided into a series of "sea boxes", each the responsibility of a single warship. Each boarding team was composed of a "guard team" to board and wrest control of the target ship, and a "search team", to conduct the search.

The ships were authorized to board, inspect, and seize both ships seeking to break the blockade and their cargo.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1i6EyQTTgkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA229|title=UN peacekeeping, American politics, and the uncivil wars of the 1990s|author=William J. Durch|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-16075-5|year=1996|access-date=June 8, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320202000/https://books.google.com/books?id=L1i6EyQTTgkC&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&pg=PA229|url-status=live}} The Combined Task Force 440 was commanded by Admiral Mario Angeli of Italy. It marked the first time since its founding in 1949 that NATO was involved in combat operations.

On 11 March 1994, a combined British and Italian intelligence operation led to the capture of the Maltese merchant ship Jadran Express by the Italian frigate Zeffiro, which forced the freighter into the port of Taranto. The ship had departed from Odessa bound to Venice with a cache of 2,000 tons of Soviet-designed weaponry, valued at US$200 million. Manned by a boarding party of Italian marines from the San Marco battalion, the Jadran Express was eventually escorted by Zeffiro to the naval base of La Maddalena, where her cargo was unloaded under heavy security.{{Cite news|url=http://ricerca.gelocal.it/lanuovasardegna/archivio/lanuovasardegna/2001/04/21/SL201.html|title=Le armi di Zhukov in un deposito a Santo Stefano Erano a bordo della nave Jadran Express fermata nel 1994 nel canale di Otranto - La Nuova Sardegna|work=Archivio - La Nuova Sardegna|access-date=2018-09-02|language=it|archive-date=2018-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902091440/http://ricerca.gelocal.it/lanuovasardegna/archivio/lanuovasardegna/2001/04/21/SL201.html|url-status=live}}

File:HMS Chatham (F87).jpg HMS Chatham|alt=]]

The issue of differing views among nations in the coalition as to the use of force authorized by rules of engagement arose in April 1994.[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:F_ONTCuK06YJ:www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA293881+%22Stacey+A.+Poe%22&hl=en&gl=ar&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShJGQWwrEREgEzVCnl_5SxcTLkRQi7xiuDSKk_MCMaHm7TbmjxMmQtcXxKwo9trG8EwyHhDMHYB12VdWCyisaID44n0gLhDUE6Y18P8vu-v5jsLnLZxHZcXhp0ziuVPOYB5lppK&sig=AHIEtbTlzmbn5k4PEqucgg-XUmk3y4mfaQ Stacey A. Poe, "Rules of Engagement: Complexities of Coalition Interaction in Military Operations Other than War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202003757/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AF_ONTCuK06YJ%3Awww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA293881+%22Stacey+A.+Poe%22&hl=en&gl=ar&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShJGQWwrEREgEzVCnl_5SxcTLkRQi7xiuDSKk_MCMaHm7TbmjxMmQtcXxKwo9trG8EwyHhDMHYB12VdWCyisaID44n0gLhDUE6Y18P8vu-v5jsLnLZxHZcXhp0ziuVPOYB5lppK&sig=AHIEtbTlzmbn5k4PEqucgg-XUmk3y4mfaQ |date=2017-02-02 }}, Faculty of the Nava War College, February 13, 1995 Faced with the Maltese tanker Lido II making its way towards a Montenegrin port with 45,000 tons of fuel oil, the American cruiser USS Philippine Sea asked the NATO commander (a British Commodore) for guidance, and received authorization to use "disabling fire" to stop the tanker, if necessary. He received confirmation that he should follow the British commodore's guidance from his own higher authority. Under U.S. Navy standards, "disabling fire" means firing rounds into the ship's engineering space. The U.S. cruiser was about to pass the order along to the Dutch {{sclass|Kortenaer|frigate|1}} HNLMS Van Kinsbergen. However, the fact that the Dutch definition of "disabling fire" involves launching rounds into the bridge of the target ship, with an increased risk of loss of life, became important. The ship was boarded by Dutch Marines inserted by helicopter from HNLMS Van Kinsbergen and eventually stopped without firing a shot on the first of May. Three Yugoslav Navy {{sclass|Končar|fast attack craft|0}} corvettes challenged the NATO operation and one of them tried to ram the British frigate {{HMS|Chatham|F87|6}} as it was assisting Van Kinsberger. The corvettes eventually fled following the reaction of the British warship, supported by Italian Tornado aircraft which scrambled from an airbase at Gioia Del Colle. Lido II had to undergo repairs before being diverted to Italy, since the crew had sabotaged the ship's engine room. The leaking was contained by an engineer party from HMS Chatham. Seven Yugoslav stowaways, all of them members of the special forces of the Yugoslav Navy, were found on board."NATO and WEU ships encounter Yugoslav Navy while preventing violation of UN embargo". Press Release by NATO/WEU force conducting the Operation Sharp Guard in the Adriatic Sea, 1 May 1994. Release 94/13McLaughlin, Rob (2009). United Nations Naval Peace Operations in the Territorial Sea. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, p. 42, note 81. {{ISBN|90-04-17479-6}} A similar incident had taken place off Montenegro a year before, on 8 February 1993, when a boarding party from the Italian frigate Espero forcibly seized the Maltese freighter Dimitrakis, which feigned an emergency in order to divert her route to the port of Bar. The merchant was smuggling coal to the Serbs from Romania.{{Cite book|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/56775/ricerche.06-LaGuerraAsimmetrica.pdf|title=La guerra asimmetrica. Impiego delle forze aeronavali italiane nell'ambito di dispositivi joint & combined proiettati in teatri operativi lontani; composizione, sostenibilità logistica di un"Expeditionary Group"|last=Giorgerini|first=Giorgio|publisher=Centro Militare di Studi Strategici|year=2006|pages=52|language=it|access-date=2018-09-04|archive-date=2022-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320202008/https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/56775/ricerche.06-LaGuerraAsimmetrica.pdf|url-status=live}}

File:HMS Nottingham D91.jpg

The blockade was suspended following a UN decision to end the arms embargo, and NATO's Southern Command said that: "NATO and WEU ships will no longer challenge, board or divert ships in the Adriatic". The Independent warned at the time that "In theory, there could now be a massive influx of arms to Bosnia, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), although senior military and diplomatic sources yesterday said that they thought this would be unlikely."

NATO naval forces inspected 5800 ships at sea . Of them, 1400 were diverted and inspected in port. No vessels were reported as having broken the embargo, although six were seized while attempting to do so.{{Cite web |last=NATO |title=Operation Sharp Guard: Suspension of enforcement operations |url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_24911.htm |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=NATO |language=en}}

The blockade was conducted in accordance with numerous United Nations Security Council Resolutions: UNSCR 713,{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u910925a.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/713 (1991) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125121110/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u910925a.htm |url-status=live }} UNSCR 757,{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u920530a.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/757 (1992) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=March 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329041909/http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u920530a.htm |url-status=live }} UNSCR 787{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u921116a.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/787 (1992) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125121125/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u921116a.htm |url-status=live }} UNSCR 820,{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u930417a.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/820 (1993) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124215134/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u930417a.htm |url-status=live }} and UNSCR 943.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u940923c.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/943 (1994) |publisher=NATO |date=September 23, 1994 |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117180148/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u940923c.htm |url-status=live }} Resolution 787 authorized participating states to "use such measures ... as may be necessary ... to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping ... to insure strict implementation of" the arms embargo and economic sanctions against the former Yugoslavia. Over the course of the operation, the blockade was redefined in accordance with UNSCR 1021{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122a.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/1021 (1995) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125115246/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u951122a.htm |url-status=live }} and UNSCR 1022.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/ifor/un/u951122b.htm |title=NATO/IFOR: UN Resolution S/RES/1022 (1995) |publisher=NATO |access-date=June 7, 2010 |archive-date=January 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126020401/http://www.nato.int/IFOR/un/u951122b.htm |url-status=live }}

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Belgian Navy:
• {{ship|Belgian frigate|Westhinder|F913|2}}
• {{ship|Belgian frigate|Wandelaar|F912|2}}
• Canadian Forces Maritime Command:
• {{HMCS|Algonquin|DDG 283|6}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thewesternstar.com/index.cfm?sid=122137&sc=23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204082518/http://www.thewesternstar.com/index.cfm?sid=122137&sc=23 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |author=Frank Gale |title=Stephenville native appointed commander of HMCS Calgary |publisher=The Western Star |date=January 4, 2008 |access-date=June 9, 2010 }}
• {{HMCS|Huron|DDG 281|6}}
• {{HMCS|Iroquois|DDH 280|6}}
• {{HMCS|Preserver|AOR 510|6}}
• {{HMCS|Protecteur|AOR 509|6}}
• {{HMCS|Toronto|FFH 333|6}}
• {{HMCS|Ville de Quebec|FFH 332|6}}
• {{HMCS|Fredericton|FFH 337|6}}
• Royal Danish Navy:
• HDMS Niels Juel
• French Navy:{{Cite web |url=http://www.afhso.af.mil/topics/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15871 |title=Factsheets : Operation Sharp Guard |publisher=Air Force Historical Studies Office |access-date=June 8, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722062527/http://www.afhso.af.mil/topics/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=15871 |url-status=dead }}
• Commandant Blaison
• {{ship|French frigate|Jean Bart|D615|2}}
• {{ship|French frigate|La Fayette|F710|2}}
• Premier Maitre L'HER
• CDT de Pimodan
• German Navy:
• Emden
• Rheinland-Pfalz
• Rommel
• Niedersachsen
• Hellenic Navy:
• {{ship|Greek frigate|Elli|F450|2}}
• {{ship|Greek frigate|Hydra|F-452|2}}
• {{ship|Greek destroyer|Themistoklis|D221|2}}
• {{ship|Greek frigate|Thraki|F457|2}}
• Italian Navy:
• Espero
• Euro
• Fenice
• Libeccio
• Grecale
• Luigi Durand de la Penne
• Lupo
• Zeffiro
• Royal Netherlands Navy:
• HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerk
• {{HNLMS|Jan van Brakel|F825|6}}
• HNLMS Karel Doorman
• HNLMS Abraham van der Hulst
• {{HNLMS|Philips van Almonde|F823|6}}
• {{HNLMS|Piet Hein|F811|6}}
• HNLMS Pieter Florisz
• HNLMS Bloys van Treslong (F824)
• HNLMS Van Kinsbergen
• HNLMS Witte de With
• HNLMS Zuiderkruis (A832)
• HNLMS De Ruyter (F806)
• Portuguese Navy:
• {{ship|NRP|Vasco da Gama|F330|6}}
• Spanish Navy:
• {{ship|Spanish frigate|Andalucia|F72|2}}
• {{ship|Spanish frigate|Asturias|F74|2}}
• {{ship|Spanish frigate|Extremadura|F75|2}}
• {{ship|Spanish frigate|Numancia|F83|2}}
• {{ship|Spanish frigate|Reina Sofía|F84|2}}
• Royal Norwegian Navy:
• {{HNoMS|Narvik|F304|6}}
• Turkish Navy:
• {{ship|TCG|Ege|F-256|6}}
• TCG Kocatepe
• Royal Navy:
• {{HMS|Battleaxe|F89|6}}
• {{HMS|Brilliant|F90|6}}
• {{HMS|Brazen|F91|6}}
• {{HMS|Campbeltown|F86|6}}
• {{HMS|Chatham|F87|6}}
• {{HMS|Cumberland|F85|6}}
• {{HMS|Edinburgh|D97|6}}
• {{HMS|Glasgow|D88|6}}
• {{HMS|Nottingham|D91|6}}
• {{HMS|Beaver|F93|6}}
• {{ship|RFA|Orangeleaf|A110|6}}
• U.S. Navy:
• {{USS|America|CV-66|6}}
• {{USS|Anzio|CG-68|6}}
• {{USS|Arthur W. Radford|DD-968|6}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.science-bbs.com/152-military-moderated/7e5ee2491ee78c9d.htm |title=Destroyer Joins Operation Sharp Guard |publisher=CINCUSNAVEUR - Commander in Chief, US Naval Forces, Europe |date=23 May 1996 |access-date=7 September 2018 |archive-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304235259/http://www.science-bbs.com/152-military-moderated/7e5ee2491ee78c9d.htm |url-status=live }}
• {{USS|Bainbridge|CGN-25|6}}
• {{USS|Boone|FFG-28|6}}
• {{USS|Boston|SSN-703|6}}
• {{USS|Cincinnati|SSN-693|6}}
• {{USS|Cape St. George|CG-71|6}}
• {{USS|Comte de Grasse|DD-974|6}}
• {{USS|Conolly|DD-979|6}}{{Cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/dd-979.htm |title=DD 979 Conolly |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=June 9, 2010 |archive-date=September 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912164011/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/dd-979.htm |url-status=live }}
• {{USS|Dale|CG-19|6}}
• {{USS|Deyo|DD-989|6}}
• {{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69|6}}
• {{USS|Edenton|ATS-1|6}}
• {{USS|Elrod|FFG-55|6}}
• {{USS|Groton|SSN-694|6}}
• {{USS|John Rodgers|DD-983|6}}
• {{USS|Josephus Daniels|CG-27|6}}
• {{USS|Hue City|CG-66|6}}
• {{USS|Kauffman|FFG-59|6}}
• {{USS|Kidd|DDG-993|6}}
• {{USS|Mississippi|CGN-40|6}}
• {{USS|Mitscher|DDG-57|6}}
• {{USS|Monterey|CG-61|6}}
• {{USS|Nassau|LHA-4|6}}
• {{USS|Nicholas|FFG-47|6}}
• {{USS|Normandy|CG-60|6}}
• {{USS|Pensacola|LSD-38|6}}
• {{USS|Peterson|DD-969|6}}
• {{USS|Ponce|LPD-15|6}}
• {{USS|Saipan|LHA-2|6}}
• {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|FFG-58|6}}
• {{USS|Scott|DDG-995|6}}[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vOcNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q28DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5516,2434904&dq=operation-sharp-guard&hl=en "Military News"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730081409/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vOcNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q28DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5516,2434904&dq=operation-sharp-guard&hl=en |date=2016-07-30 }}, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 6, 1994, retrieved June 8, 2010
• {{USS|Simpson|FFG-56|6}}
• {{USS|South Carolina|CGN-37|6}}
• {{USS|Thomas S. Gates|CG-51|6}}
• {{USS|Ticonderoga|CG-47|6}}
• {{USS|Trepang|SSN-674}}
• {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71|6}}
• {{USS|Thorn|DD-988|6}}
• {{USS|Vicksburg|CG-69|6}}
• {{USS|Yorktown|CG-48 |6}}
• {{USNS|Kanawha|T-AO-196|6}}

{{div col end}}

{{Portal|Politics|Oceans}}

• Yugoslav Wars
• Legal assessments of the Gaza flotilla raid

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Wikisource|United Nations Security Council Resolutions}}

• [https://www.un.org/documents/scres.htm Security Council resolutions]
• [https://www.un.org/Docs/sc/ UN Security Council Official Website, including all resolutions]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090115165515/http://www.afsouth.nato.int/operations/sharpguard/SharpGuardFactSheet.htm NATO Regional HQ Allied Forces Southern Europe Fact Sheet on Operation Sharp Guard]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20061008082029/http://www.afsouth.nato.int/archives/gopher/facts-afs-ops-07DECEMBER95.txt Update on Operation Sharp Guard], December 1995
• [http://www.nato.int/ifor/gfa/gfa-home.htm General Framework Agreement]
• [http://www.nato.int/docu/handbook/2001/hb050102.htm "Evolution of the Conflict"], NATO Handbook, December 18, 2002
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120322064226/http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=A0605051712AH&q=%22operation+sharp+guard%22&uid=789543518&setcookie=yes "Operation Sharp Guard: the sea embargo of Serbia and Montenegro"], Barberan, J. F., Revista de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica, no. 727, pp. 750–57. October 2003

{{Common Security and Defence Policy/missions}}

{{coord missing|Mediterranean}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharp Guard}}

Category:Naval operations of the European Union

Category:NATO intervention in the former Yugoslavia

Category:United Nations operations in the former Yugoslavia

Category:Blockades by the United States

Category:Blockades

Category:Battles and conflicts without fatalities

Category:1993 in Europe

Category:1994 in Europe

Category:1995 in Europe

Category:1996 in Europe

Category:Military operations of the Yugoslav Wars involving Germany

Category:Blockades by the United Kingdom

Category:Military operations involving the United States

Category:Battles of the Yugoslav Wars

Category:Military history of the Mediterranean