Operation Shocker
{{Short description|23-year FBI counterintelligence operation against the Soviet Union}}
Operation Shocker was a 23-year counterintelligence operation run by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation against the Soviet Union. The operation involved the fake defection in place of a US Army sergeant based in Washington, D.C. who, in return for hundreds of thousands of dollars over two decades, provided information to Soviet intelligence (GRU) as agreed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This included over 4,000 documents on a new nerve gas the US believed unweaponizable, with the US intending to waste Soviet resources.
Overview
The operation began in 1959 when U.S. Army First Sergeant Joseph Edward Cassidy (1920{{cite AV media | people=Brian Lamb (Host), David Wise (interviewed) | date=April 3, 2000 | title=Cassidy's Run: The Secret Spy War Over Nerve Gas | medium=TV program | publisher=C-SPAN | url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?156370-1/cassidys-run-secret-spy-war-nerve-gas&start=164 }}-2011{{cite web |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/national-cremation/obituary.aspx?n=Joseph-Cassidy&lc=4516&pid=154252599&mid=4821163 |title=Joseph Cassidy Obituary - National Cremation - Virginia Beach VA |author= |website=Legacy.com |access-date=March 22, 2018 }}{{cite web |url=https://billiongraves.com/grave/Joseph-Edward-Cassidy/10173877 |title=Joseph Edward Cassidy |author= |date=August 27, 2014 |website=BillionGraves |access-date=March 22, 2018 |quote=CSM US Army World War II Korea Vietnam}}), assigned to the Army's nuclear power office near Washington, D.C., was approached (with Army permission) by the FBI. Cassidy, despite having no previous training, was able to make contact with a Soviet naval attache believed to be a spy, and set up an arrangement where he would provide information to the Soviets in exchange for money. Soviet requests for information were passed to the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, and various classified information provided as a result.Anthony Day, Los Angeles Times, 7 April 2000, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-07-cl-16806-story.html "Cold-War Espionage Thriller Brims with the Shocking Truth"]
The principal Russian interest was in information about the US nerve gas program, and Cassidy initially established his credentials by providing genuine data from the US program.Scott Shane, Baltimore Sun, 8 July 2001, [https://www.baltimoresun.com/2001/07/08/spying-though-overrated-has-much-redeeming-value/ "Spying, though overrated, has much redeeming value"] By 1964 he was in a position to begin pointing Soviet research towards a G-series nerve agent, GJ, which the US thought could not be produced in stable, weaponizable form. Cassidy provided over 4,000 documents on a mixture of real and non-existent research into the new gas, with the US intending to waste Soviet resources attempting to duplicate the work.Milton Leitenberg, Raymond A Zilinskas, and Jens H Kuhn (2012), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6iSg3YKhzikC&pg=PT430 The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: A History], Harvard University Press, p. 430Benjamin C. Garrett and John Hart (2009), [https://books.google.com/books?id=yNJtYLW4IiwC&pg=PA160 The A to Z of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare], Scarecrow Press, p. 160James Risen, The New York Times, 5 March 2000, [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/05/world/us-dangled-poison-secrets-before-soviets-book-reports.html "U.S. Dangled Poison Secrets Before Soviets", Book Reports] David Wise, in his book Cassidy's Run, implies that the Soviet program to develop the Novichok agents may have been an unintended result of the misleading information.{{Cite journal |last1=Flynn |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Flynn |last2=Garthoff |first2=Raymond L. |author-link2=Raymond L. Garthoff |year=2000 |title=Playing with Fire |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=35–40 |bibcode= 2000BuAtS..56e..35F|doi=10.1080/00963402.2000.11456992 |s2cid=218769448 }}
The operation was highly classified, and when two FBI agents died in a plane crash while surveilling a Soviet spy, press and public were misled about the circumstances, and even the agents' families were told nothing for years.{{cite book |last1=Wise |first1=David |author-link1=David Wise (journalist) |title=Cassidy's Run: The Secret Spy War Over Nerve Gas |year=2000 |publisher= Random House |isbn=9780812992632}}
- {{cite news |author=Tom Blackburn |date=May 31, 2000 |title=Russian Spies, Poison Gas, The Fbi--an Intriguing Mix |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |agency=Cox News Service |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/05/31/russian-spies-poison-gas-the-fbi-an-intriguing-mix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322142818/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-05-31/features/0005310028_1_soviet-spies-soviet-embassy-nerve-gas |archive-date=2018-03-22}}
A similar, and arguably more significant, disinformation operation was run by the FBI via double-agent Dmitri Polyakov, feeding the Soviet Union the false information that the US was covertly continuing with its biological weapons program despite public announcements to the contrary. The disinformation may have been one reason which led the Soviet Union to expand its biological weapons program, and a near-universal belief into the 1990s among its scientists that they were mirroring US efforts.
References
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Category:Disinformation operations
Category:Federal Bureau of Investigation operations
Category:Soviet chemical weapons program