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Operation Toggle

{{Short description|Series of 1970s US nuclear tests}}

{{see also|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox nuclear weapons test

|name = Operation Toggle

|picture = NTS - Underground Testing 006.jpg

|picture_description = Toggle Diamond Sculls tunnel test chamber

|country = United States

|test_site = {{plainlist|

  • near Rifle, Colorado
  • NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa
  • NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa
  • NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat}}

|period = 1972–1973

|number_of_tests = 28

|test_type = underground shaft, tunnel

|max_yield = {{convert|250|ktTNT|lk=in}}

|previous_series = Operation Grommet

|next_series = Operation Arbor

}}

{{GeoGroup|article=Operation Toggle}}

The United States's Toggle nuclear test series was a group of 28 nuclear tests conducted in 1972–1973. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite web|first=V. N.|last=Mikhailov|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing|publisher=Begell-Atom|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm|archive-date=April 26, 2014}} followed the Operation Grommet series and preceded the Operation Arbor series.

Shots

=Diamond Sculls=

Diamond Sculls was a horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) nuclear test. Its purpose was to test the radiation hardness of the LIM-49 Spartan anti-ballistic missile. It was the largest HLOS test conducted by the United States, consisting of a {{convert|27|ft|adj=on}} diameter test chamber and a {{convert|1900|ft|adj=on}} line-of-sight pipe.{{Cite report| publisher = Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)| last = McDuff| first = George Glen| title = Underground Nuclear Testing| accessdate = 2021-07-25| date = 2018-05-09| url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1438136-underground-nuclear-testing| page = 17| osti = 1438136| archive-date = January 23, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044226/https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1438136-underground-nuclear-testing| url-status = live}}

List of the nuclear tests

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ United States' Toggle series tests and detonations

style="background:#ffdead;" | Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.

!style="background:#efefef;" | Date time (UT)

!style="background:#ffdead;" | Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.{{cite web| title=Time Zone Historical Database| publisher=iana.com| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/| access-date=March 8, 2014| archive-date=March 11, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311224729/http://www.ietf.org/timezones/| url-status=live}}

!style="background:#efefef;" | LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.

!style="background:#ffdead;" | Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.

!style="background:#efefef;" | Delivery Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.

!style="background:#efefef;" | DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.

!style="background:#ffdead;" | YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).

!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.

!style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" | References

!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Notes

Diamond Sculls{{anchor|Diamond Sculls}}

| {{dts|1972|7|20}} 17:16:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U12t.02 {{coord|37.21439

116.18382|name=Diamond Sculls|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001693

}{{convert|2113|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|419.4|m|abbr=on}}

| tunnel,
weapon effect

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000210000|21 kt}}

|

|

| Spartan missile hardness test.

|-

! Atarque{{anchor|Atarque}}

| {{dts|1972|7|25}} 13:30:00.06

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3ht {{coord|37.01247|-116.01577|name=Atarque|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000887|}}{{convert|1182|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|294.2|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000015000|1.5 kt}}

| Venting detected

|

|

|-

! Cebolla – 1 (with Cuchillo, Solano){{anchor|Cebolla}}

| {{dts|1972|8|9}} 13:31:10.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jc {{coord|37.00717|-116.01976|name=Cebolla – 1|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000893|}}{{convert|1180|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|287|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 5 kt}}

| Venting detected

|

| Simultaneous, separate holes.

|-

! Cuchillo – 2 (with Cebolla, Solano){{anchor|Cuchillo}}

| {{dts|1972|8|9}} 13:31:10.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jt {{coord|37.00373|-116.01982|name=Cuchillo – 2|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000980|}}{{convert|1179|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|198.81|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 5 kt}}

|

|

| Simultaneous, separate holes.

|-

! Solano – 3 (with ''Cebolla, Cuchillo{{anchor|Solano}}

| {{dts|1972|8|9}} 13:31:10.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jx {{coord|37.00315|-116.01757|name=Solano – 3|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001179|}}{{convert|1179|m|abbr=on}} +

| underground shaft,
safety experiment

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 5 kt}}

|

|

| Simultaneous, separate holes.

|-

! Oscuro{{anchor|Oscuro}}

| {{dts|1972|9|21}} 15:30:00.19

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U7z {{coord|37.08201|-116.03742|name=Oscuro|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000664|}}{{convert|1225|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|560.21|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|001600000|160 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Delphinium{{anchor|Delphinium}}

| {{dts|1972|9|26}} 14:30:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2dp {{coord|37.12135|-116.08667|name=Delphinium|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000980|}}{{convert|1276|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|295.66|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000150000|15 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Akbar{{anchor|Akbar}}

| {{dts|1972|11|9}} 15:15:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U10ax {{coord|37.16202|-116.03405|name=Akbar|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001028|}}{{convert|1295|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|267|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000006000|600 t}}

|

|

|

|-

! Arsenate{{anchor|Arsenate}}

| {{dts|1972|11|9}} 18:15:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9ci {{coord|37.12151|-116.03326|name=Arsenate|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001017|}}{{convert|1268|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|250.24|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000006000|600 t}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|12|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

|

|-

! Canna-Limoges – 2{{anchor|Canna-Limoges}}

| {{dts|1972|11|17}} 18:00:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9itsyz26 {{coord|37.13953|-116.03324|name=Canna-Limoges – 2|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001273|}}{{convert|1273|m|abbr=on}} +

| underground shaft,
safety experiment

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

|

|

| Simultaneous, same hole.

|-

! Canna-Umbrinus – 1{{anchor|Canna-Umbrinus}}

| {{dts|1972|11|17}} 18:00:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9itsyz2 {{coord|37.13953|-116.03324|name=Canna-Umbrinus – 1|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001059|}}{{convert|1273|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|213.36|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

|

|

| Simultaneous, same hole.

|-

! Tuloso{{anchor|Tuloso}}

| {{dts|1972|12|12}} 16:30:00.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3gi {{coord|37.03128|-116.02196|name=Tuloso|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000917|}}{{convert|1189|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|271.09|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000002000|200 t}}

|

|

|

|-

! Solanum{{anchor|Solanum}}

| {{dts|1972|12|14}} 15:30:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9itsw24 {{coord|37.13804|-116.03559|name=Solanum|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001065|}}{{convert|1267|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|201.17|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

| Venting detected

|

|

|-

! Flax-Source{{anchor|Flax-Source}}

| {{dts|1972|12|21}} 20:15:00.24

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2dj {{coord|37.13997|-116.08415|name=Flax-Source|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000856|}}{{convert|1296|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|440|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000200000|20 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Flax-Backup – 2{{anchor|Flax-Backup}}

| {{dts|1972|12|21}} 20:15:24.35

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2dj {{coord|37.13997|-116.08415|name=Flax-Backup – 2|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001296|}}{{convert|1296|m|abbr=on}} +

| underground shaft,
weapon effect

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Flax-Test – 1{{anchor|Flax-Test}}

| {{dts|1972|12|21}} 20:15:24.35

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2dj {{coord|37.13997|-116.08415|name=Flax-Test – 1|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000607|}}{{convert|1296|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|688.85|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapon effect

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000200000|20 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Alumroot{{anchor|Alumroot}}

| {{dts|1973|2|14}} 15:30:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9cj {{coord|37.14704|-116.05096|name=Alumroot|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001081|}}{{convert|1264|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|182.88|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Miera{{anchor|Miera}}

| {{dts|1973|3|8}} 16:10:00.19

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U7ad {{coord|37.10354|-116.02759|name=Miera|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000710|}}{{convert|1279|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|568.39|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000670000|67 kt}}

| I-131 venting detected, 0

|

|

|-

! Gazook{{anchor|Gazook}}

| {{dts|1973|3|23}} 20:15:00.17

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2do {{coord|37.11727|-116.08779|name=Gazook|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000947|}}{{convert|1274|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|326.14|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000002000|200 t}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|12|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

|

|-

! Natoma{{anchor|Natoma}}

| {{dts|1973|4|5}} 14:50:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U10aw {{coord|37.17783|-116.05476|name=Natoma|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001039|}}{{convert|1283|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|243.84|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Angus – 1 (with Velarde){{anchor|Angus}}

| {{dts|1973|4|25}} 22:25:00.03

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jg {{coord|37.00483|-116.0292|name=Angus – 1|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000727|}}{{convert|1180|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|452.63|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000090000|9 kt}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|0.6|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

| Simultaneous, separate holes.

|-

! Velarde – 2 (with Angus){{anchor|Velarde}}

| {{dts|1973|4|25}} 22:25:00.07

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jk {{coord|36.99367|-116.02173|name=Velarde – 2|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000899|}}{{convert|1176|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|277|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000080000|8 kt}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|250|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

| Simultaneous, separate holes.

|-

! Colmor{{anchor|Colmor}}

| {{dts|1973|4|26}} 15:15:00.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3hv {{coord|37.01214|-116.0207|name=Colmor|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000936|}}{{convert|1182|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|245.81|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000005000|500 t}}

| Venting detected

|

|

|-

! Starwort{{anchor|Starwort}}

| {{dts|1973|4|26}} 17:15:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2bs {{coord|37.12301|-116.05937|name=Starwort|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000697|}}{{convert|1261|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|563.88|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000900000|90 kt}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|10|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

|

|-

! Mesita{{anchor|Mesita}}

| {{dts|1973|5|9}} 13:30:00.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U3jd {{coord|37.00626|-116.01681|name=Mesita|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001030|}}{{convert|1180|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|149.25|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000000|less than 20 kt}}

| Venting detected

|

|

|-

! Rio Blanco – 1{{anchor|Rio Blanco}}

| {{dts|1973|5|17}} 16:00:00.12

| style="text-align:center;" | MST (–7 hrs)
|| near Rifle, Colorado {{coord|39.79322|-108.3672|name=Rio Blanco – 1|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000180|}}{{convert|1938|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|1758|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
peaceful research

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000330000|33 kt}}

|

|

| Operation Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole.

|-

! Rio Blanco – 2{{anchor|Rio Blanco}}

| {{dts|1973|5|17}} 16:00:00.12

| style="text-align:center;" | MST (–7 hrs)
|| near Rifle, Colorado {{coord|39.79322|-108.3672|name=Rio Blanco – 2|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000063|}}{{convert|1938|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|1875|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
peaceful research

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000330000|33 kt}}

|

|

| Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole.

|-

! Rio Blanco – 3{{anchor|Rio Blanco}}

| {{dts|1973|5|17}} 16:00:00.12

| style="text-align:center;" | MST (–7 hrs)
|| near Rifle, Colorado {{coord|39.79322|-108.3672|name=Rio Blanco – 3|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000000|}}{{convert|1938|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|2015|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
peaceful research

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000330000|33 kt}}

|

|

| Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole.

|-

! Cabresto{{anchor|Cabresto}}

| {{dts|1973|5|24}} 13:30:00.04

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U7h {{coord|37.078|-116.03164|name=Cabresto|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001030|}}{{convert|1228|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|197.89|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000150000|15 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Kashan{{anchor|Kashan}}

| {{dts|1973|5|24}} 14:30:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U10av {{coord|37.16222|-116.05689|name=Kashan|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001011|}}{{convert|1277|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|265.18|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000020000|2 kt}}

| Venting detected, {{convert|270|Ci|GBq|abbr=on}}

|

|

|-

! Dido Queen{{anchor|Dido Queen}}

| {{dts|1973|6|5}} 17:00:00.17

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U12e.14 {{coord|37.18498|-116.21599|name=Dido Queen|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001855|}}{{convert|2247|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|391.36|m|abbr=on}}

| tunnel,
weapon effect

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000180000|18 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Almendro{{anchor|Almendro}}

| {{dts|1973|6|6}} 13:00:00.08

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U19v – {{coord|37.245|-116.34691|name=Almendro|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001002|}}{{convert|2069|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|1066.52|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|002500000|250 kt}}

|

|

|

|-

! Potrillo{{anchor|Potrillo}}

| {{dts|1973|6|21}} 14:45:00.08

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U7af {{coord|37.09199|-116.02809|name=Potrillo|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000687|}}{{convert|1255|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|567.02|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000580000|58 kt}}

| Venting detected

|

|

|-

! Portulaca{{anchor|Portulaca}}

| {{dts|1973|6|28}} 19:15:12.4

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U2bv {{coord|37.14837|-116.08673|name=Portulaca|display=inline}}

| {{sort|000844|}}{{convert|1311|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|466.34|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000240000|24 kt}}

| I-131 venting detected, 0

|

|

|-

! Silene{{anchor|Silene}}

| {{dts|1973|6|28}} 19:45:00.16

| style="text-align:center;" | PST (–8 hrs)
|| NTS Area U9ck {{coord|37.11486|-116.04179|name=Silene|display=inline}}

| {{sort|001055|}}{{convert|1254|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|198.12|m|abbr=on}}

| underground shaft,
weapons development

|

| style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|000000050|5 t}}

|

|

|

|}

{{reflist|group=note}}

References

{{reflist|refs=

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{{citation| publisher=Sandia National Laboratories| date=July 1, 1994| title=Official list of underground nuclear explosions| url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Nevada.html| access-date=December 18, 2013}}

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{{US Nuclear Tests}}

Category:Explosions in 1972

Category:Explosions in 1973

Category:1972 in military history

Category:1973 in military history

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