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Orator

{{Short description|Public speaker}}

{{Other uses}}

{{See also|Public speaking|Rhetoric}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{More footnotes needed|date=September 2022}}

{{Original research|date=September 2022}}

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File:Trésor de Neuvy-en-Sullias L'orateur.jpg {{Interlanguage link|Trésor de Neuvy-en-Sullias|lt=Treasure of Neuvy-en-Sullias|fr}} ]]

{{Rhetoric}}

An orator, or oratist, is a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/orator|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906173732/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/orator|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 6, 2017|title=orator {{!}} Definition of orator in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2018-06-05}}

Etymology

Recorded in English c. 1374, with a meaning of "one who pleads or argues for a cause", from Anglo-French oratour, Old French orateur (14th century), Latin orator ("speaker"), from orare ("speak before a court or assembly; plead"), derived from a Proto-Indo-European base *or- ("to pronounce a ritual formula").

The modern meaning of the word, "public speaker", is attested from c. 1430.

History

In ancient Rome, the art of speaking in public (Ars Oratoria) was a professional competence especially cultivated by politicians and lawyers. As the Greeks were still seen as the masters in this field, as in philosophy and most sciences, the leading Roman families often either sent their sons to study these subjects under a famous master in Greece (as was the case with the young Julius Caesar), or engaged a Greek teacher (under pay or as a slave).{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}

In the young revolutionary French Republic, Orateur (French for "orator") was the formal title for the delegated members of the Tribunat to the Corps législatif, similar to the role of a "Parliamentary Speaker," to motivate their ruling on a presented bill.

In the 19th century, orators and historians and speakers such as Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, and Col. Robert G. Ingersoll were major providers of popular entertainment.

A pulpit orator is a Christian author, often a clergyman, renowned for their ability to write or deliver (from the pulpit in church, hence the word) rhetorically skilled religious sermons.

In some universities, the title 'Orator' is given to the official whose task it is to give speeches on ceremonial occasions, such as the presentation of honorary degrees.

Orators

The following is a list of those who have been noted as famous specifically for their oratory abilities, or for a particularly famous speech or speeches. Most religious leaders and politicians (by nature of their office) may give many speeches, as may those who support or oppose a particular issue. A list of all such leaders would be prohibitively long.

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= [[Classical antiquity|Classical era]] =

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= 18th Century and later =

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Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • Catholic Encyclopaedia (passim)
  • 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (passim)
  • [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=orator&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine]
  • African American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, edited by Richard W. Leeman, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. {{ISBN|0-313-29014-8}}
  • The Will of a People: A Critical Anthology of Great Speeches by African Americans, edited with critical introductions by Richard W. Leeman and Bernard K. Duffy, Southern Illinois University Press, 2012. {{ISBN|0-8093-3057-1}} | {{ISBN|978-0-8093-3057-7}}
  • American Orators of the Twentieth Century: Critical Studies and Sources, edited by Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan, Greenwood, 1987. {{ISBN|0-313-24843-5}} {{ISBN|978-0-313-24843-6}}
  • American Orators Before 1900: Critical Studies and Sources, edited by Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan, Greenwood, 1987. {{ISBN|0-313-25129-0}} {{ISBN|978-0-313-25129-0}}
  • American Voices: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Orators, edited by Bernard K. Duffy and Richard W. Leeman, Greewnood, 1987. {{ISBN|0-313-32790-4}} {{ISBN|978-0-313-32790-2}}
  • Women Public Speakers in the United States, 1800–1925: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, edited by Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, Greenwood, 1993. {{ISBN|0-313-27533-5}} {{ISBN|978-0-313-27533-3}}
  • American Voices, Significant Speeches in American History: 1640–1945, edited by James Andrews and David Zarefsky, Longman Publishing Group, 1989. {{ISBN|0-8013-0217-X}} {{ISBN|978-0-8013-0217-6}}
  • Contemporary American Voices: Significant Speeches in American History, 1945–Present, edited by James R. Andrews and David Zarefsky, Longman Publishing Group, 1991. {{ISBN|0-8013-0218-8}} {{ISBN|978-0-8013-0218-3}}
  • Contemporary American Public Discourse. 3rd Edition. edited by Halford Ross Ryan, Waveland Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0-88133-629-7}} | {{ISBN|978-0-88133-629-0}}

External links

{{Wiktionary|orator}}

  • [http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/ Voices of Democracy]

{{Authority control}}

Category:Public speaking

*List of orators

it:Oratoria

hu:Szónoki beszéd