Order of Leopold (Austria)
{{Short description|Chivalrous order of Austria}}
{{more footnotes|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox order
|title = Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold
|image = 190px
|caption = Grand Cross Star of the order
|image2 =100px
|caption2 =Ribbon of the order (except 1st Class)
|awarded_by = 20px The Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine
|type = Dynastic order
|motto = INTEGRITATI ET MERITO and OPES REGUM CORDA SUBDITORUM
|date = 8 January 1808
|for = Civil and military merit
|status =Dormant
|house = House of Habsburg-Lorraine
|ribbon=
|head_title = Sovereign
|head = Karl von Habsburg
|head2_title = Grand Master
|head2 =
|chancellor =
|grades = Grand Cross
First Class
Commander
Knight
|notes=
|higher=Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
|same =Order of the Starry Cross
|related =
|lower=Order of the Iron Crown (Austria)
}}
The Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold ({{langx|de|Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden}}) ({{Langx|hu|Osztrák Császári Lipót-rend}}) was founded by Franz I of Austria on 8 January 1808. The order's statutes stipulated only three grades: Grand Cross, Commander and Knight. During the war, in common with the other Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian decorations, war decoration (represented by a laurel wreath) and/or swords were added to reward meritorious service and bravery in the face of the enemy.
An Imperial Decree of 1 February 1901 ordered that in future, the senior grade would be split into two separate awards. From then onwards, there were four ranks: Grand Cross, First Class, Commander, Knight.
Until 18 July 1884, the award of the order also entitled the recipient, if he was not already of that standing, to be raised to the following appointments and/or ranks of the nobility:
- Grand Cross: Privy Councillor
- Commander: Baron
- Knight: Ritter
Insignia
File:Johann Baptist Hoechle - Kaiser Franz I. im Ornat des Leopoldsordens.jpg
Both the Grand Cross and the First Class members of the Order wore (on formal occasions) their insignia in the form of a sash with the badge attached to the bow and respectively an eight-pointed and a four-pointed breast star. The Grand Cross was somewhat larger than the First Class, as was the width of the sash. A Commander's badge was worn at the neck, suspended from a 52 mm wide ribbon; a Knight wore his badge on a triangular ribbon on the left breast.
The badge consists of a red-enameled gold cross, with white enamel edging. The obverse of the badge displays the initials FIA in gold on a red enamel background. The mottoes of the Order were INTEGRITATI ET MERITO and OPES REGUM CORDA SUBDITORUM. The ribbon of the Order is red with two narrow white side-stripes. The badge's cross is surmounted by a golden imperial crown.
The Grand Cross could also be awarded with diamonds; from 1808 to 1918, only four people received this honour. The last recipient, Count Ernst von Silva-Tarouca, was awarded the decoration on 11 November 1918, hours before Charles I of Austria withdrew from public affairs. After 1918, the Order was no longer awarded.
class="wikitable" align="center" width="60%"
! rowspan="2" |110x110pxGrand Cross | width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |294x294px | width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |245x245px | width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |245x245px | |
width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Collar
| width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Star | width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Riband |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxFirst Class
| width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" | | width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |245x245px | colspan="2" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" | |
---|
width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Riband
| width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Star | colspan="2" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxCommander
| width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |245x245px | colspan="3" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" | |
width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Cross
| colspan="3" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxKnight
| colspan="4" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |340x340px |
colspan="4" width="33,33%" valign="center" align="center" |Cross |
class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Variations ! rowspan="2" |110x110pxGrand Cross | |
Grand Cross Star with war decoration
|Alternative Medal |Grand Cross Star with war decoration and swords |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxFirst Class
| | |
---|
First Class Star with war decoration
|Alternative Medal |First Class Star with war decoration and swords |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxCommander
| | | | |
Commander with war decoration
|Alternative Medal |Commander with war decoration and swords |Alternative Medal |
rowspan="2" |110x110pxKnight
| colspan="2" | | colspan="2" |288x288px |
colspan="2" |Knight with war decoration
| colspan="2" |Knight with war decoration and swords |
Notable recipients
File:Ster en Grootkruis Leopoldsorde Oostenrijk.jpg
- Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky
- Karl Samuel Grünhut{{Cite news |date=29 May 1908 |title=Here and There |volume=LII |page=7 |work=The Hebrew Standard |issue=21 |location=New York, N.Y. |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/hebstd/1908/05/29/01/article/15/?srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN--------------1 |via=Historical Jewish Press}}
- Sergei Witte
- Josef Jungmann
- Korvettenkapitän Georg Ludwig von Trapp. Father of the famous Von Trapp family that inspired the movie The Sound of Music. He was awarded the order for sinking 13 ships as a submarine commander in the Adriatic Sea during World War I.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- Gustav Adolph Ackermann, Ordensbuch, Sämtlicher in Europa blühender und erloschener Orden und Ehrenzeichen. Annaberg, 1855
- Václav Měřička, Orden und Ehrenzeichen der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Wien 1974
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090622025552/http://www.phalerae.org/Autriche/Leopold/index.html Ordre Impérial Autrichien de Léopold]
- [http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/p/197575#197575 Císařský rakouský řád Leopolda (1808)]
- [http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/leopold.htm The Imperial Austrian Order of Leopold 1914–1918]
{{Orders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire}}
{{Orders of Italian States before unification}}
Category:Orders of chivalry of Austria
Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Austria-Hungary
Category:1808 establishments in the Austrian Empire
Category:Awards established in 1808
{{Austria-hist-stub}}