Orlando-class cruiser
{{Short description|1887 class of British armored cruisers}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
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{{Infobox ship image |Ship image=HMSOrlando1897.jpg |Ship caption=HMS Orlando }} {{Infobox ship class overview |Name=Orlando class |Builders= |Operators={{navy|United Kingdom}} |Class before={{sclass|Imperieuse|cruiser|4}} |Class after={{sclass|Blake|cruiser|4}} |Subclasses= |Cost= |Built range=1885–1889 |In service range= |In commission range= 1887–1906 |Total ships building= |Total ships planned= |Total ships completed=7 |Total ships cancelled= |Total ships active= |Total ships laid up= |Total ships lost= |Total ships retired=7 |Total ships preserved= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship type=First class armoured cruiser |Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement={{convert|5600|t|LT}} |Ship length={{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|56|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship height= |Ship draught={{convert|22.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship depth= |Ship hold depth= |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship ramps= |Ship ice class= |Ship power=*{{convert|5500|hp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*3-cylinder triple-extension steam engines
|Ship sail plan= |Ship speed=*{{convert|17|kn|km/h|lk=in}} natural draught
|Ship range={{convert|10000|nmi|km|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn|km/h}} |Ship endurance= |Ship test depth= |Ship boats= |Ship capacity= |Ship troops= |Ship complement=484 |Ship crew= |Ship time to activate= |Ship sensors= |Ship EW= |Ship armament=*2 × BL 9.2 inch gun Mk III - VII (2 x 1)
|Ship armour=*Belt: {{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on}}
|Ship aircraft= |Ship aircraft facilities= |Ship notes= }} |
The Orlando class was a seven-ship class of Royal Navy armoured cruisers completed between 1888 and 1889.
Building Programme
On 2 December 1884, the Secretary to the Admiralty stated, "The present Board have been gradually developing, and, as I would venture to say, in an effective manner, our resources for the protection of commerce. The late Board of Admiralty laid down an admirable type for the purpose in the {{sclass|Leander|cruiser (1882)|4}}. We have followed in their footsteps by producing the {{sclass|Mersey|cruiser|5}} type, and we now propose to go a step further in the same direction, by laying down vessels of the Mersey class, but protected by a belt in lieu of an armoured deck. The belt will, I think, be approved by my hon. Friend who sits behind me (Sir Edward J. Reed)."[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1884/dec/02/motion-for-a-paper#S3V0294P0_18841202_HOC_84 Hansard HC Deb 02 December 1884 vol 294 c455] House of Commons, the Secretary to the Admiralty, Sir Thomas Brassey. These belted cruisers were the Orlando class.
The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Orlando class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores.Note that the costs quoted in the 1895 edition and the 1903 edition are not the same. There seems to have been a revision of the costs quoted for British warships in The Naval Annual between the 1902 and 1903 editions, and a further revision between the 1905 and 1906 editions. (The 1906 edition costs cannot be quoted for the Orlando class because the class is not listed in the 1906 edition.) In the table:
- Machinery meant "propelling machinery".
- Hull included "hydraulic machinery, gun mountings, etc."The Naval Annual 1895, p192-200
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! width=120 rowspan=3 |Ship ! align = center rowspan=3 | Builder ! align = center rowspan=3 | Maker ! colspan = 3 |Date of ! colspan = 4 |Cost according to |
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! rowspan = 2 align = center width = 74 | Laid Down ! rowspan = 2 align = center width = 74 | Launch ! rowspan = 2 align = center width = 74 | Completion ! align = center colspan= 3| (BNA 1895)The Naval Annual 1895, pp. 192–200 ! align = center rowspan= 2| (BNA 1903)The Naval Annual 1903, pp. 236–243 |
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!align="center"| Hull !align="center"| Machinery !align="center"| Total |
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| {{HMS|Orlando|1886|2}} |colspan=2 align="center"| Palmers, Jarrow |align=right | 23 Apr 1885 |align=right | 3 Aug 1886 |align=right | June 1888 |align= right | £206,647 |align= right | £60,165 |align= right | £266,812 |align= right | £303,065 |
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| {{HMS|Aurora|1887|2}} |align="center"| Pembroke Dockyard |align="center"| J&G Thompson |align=right | 1 Feb 1886 |align=right | 28 Oct 1887 |align=right | July 1889 |align= right | £220,550 |align= right | £64,000 |align= right | £284,550 |align= right | £326,110 |
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| {{HMS|Australia|1886|2}} |align="center"| Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering, Govan |align="center"| C & W Earle |align=right | 21 Apr 1885 |align=right | 25 Nov 1886 |align=right | October 1888 |align= right | £195,390 |align= right | £63,000 |align= right | £258,390 |align= right | £299,027 |
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| {{HMS|Galatea|1887|2}} |colspan=2 align="center"| Robert Napier and Sons, Govan |align=right | 21 Apr 1885 |align=right | 10 Mar 1887 |align=right | March 1889 |align= right | £195,390 |align= right | £63,000 |align= right | £258,390 |align= right | £291,803 |
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| {{HMS|Immortalite|1887|2}} |align="center"| Chatham Dockyard |align="center"| C & W Earle |align=right | 18 Jan 1886 |align=right | 7 Jul 1887 |align=right | July 1889 |align= right | £221,500 |align= right | £57,000 |align= right | £278,500 |align= right | £332,359 |
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| {{HMS|Narcissus|1886|2}} |colspan=2 align="center"| C & W Earle, Hull |align=right | 27 Apr 1885 |align=right | 15 Dec 1886 |align=right | July 1889 |align= right | £195,890 |align= right | £61,500 |align= right | £257,390 |align= right | £300,149 |
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| {{HMS|Undaunted|1886|2}} |colspan=2 align="center"| Palmers, Jarrow |align=right | 23 Apr 1885 |align=right | 25 Nov 1886 |align=right | July 1889 |align= right | £195,890 |align= right | £60,165 |align= right | £256,055 |align= right | £300,863 |
File:HMS Aurora Symonds and Co Collection Q20982.jpg|HMS Aurora
File:HMS Australia (1886) in the 1890s.jpg|HMS Australia
File:HMSGalatea1897.jpg|HMS Galatea
See also
- Infanta Maria Teresa-class cruiser: a spanish class armored cruiser inspired design by Orlando class
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1895
- Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1903
- {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|name-list-style=amp|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
- {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}}
- {{cite book|last1=Lyon|first1=David|last2=Winfield|first2=Rif|title=The Sail & Steam Navy List|year=2004|publisher=Chatham Publishing|location=London|isbn=1-86176-032-9}}
- {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}