Ormiston

The word Ormiston is derived from a half mythical Norwegian Viking settler called Ormr, meaning 'serpent' or 'snake'. 'Ormres' family had possession of the land during the 12th and 13th centuries. Ormiston or 'Ormistoun' is not an uncommon surname, and Ormr also survives in some English placenames such as Ormskirk and Ormesby.

The latter part of the name, formerly spelt 'toun', is likely to descend from its Northumbrian Old English and later Scots meaning as 'farmstead' or 'farm and outbuildings' rather than the meaning 'town'.

There was an "Ormiston" in Berwickshire, near Linton, where the legend of the Worm of Linton was related to land ownership by Lord Somerville and Lord Lindsay. The Cockburn family may have brought the name from the Berwickshire "Ormiston" to the East Lothian location in the 14th-century.

Ormiston was the home of the poet Elizabeth Douglas (died 1594), wife of Samuel Cockburn of Templehall,Gordon MacGregor, 'Cockburn of Ormiston', Red Book of Scotland, vol. 3 (2020), pp. 78-9. who with Mary Beaton contributed sonnets to a work by the poet William Fowler in 1587. Fowler wrote an epitaph for her.Sebastiaan Verweij, The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland (Oxford, 2017), pp. 81, 84-87. James VI came to Ormiston to hunt deer on 22 November 1588,HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 3 (London, 1889), p. 373 no. 762. and returned to Biel and Ormiston to hunt in October 1599.Calendar State Papers Scotland, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 563.

The "model village" was laid out in 1736 by the new laird John Cockburn who had inherited the estate from his uncle, who had died without a male heir.Scottish Garden Buildings by Tim Buxbaum p.11

William Begg, Robert Burns's nephew became the parish schoolmaster at Ormiston.{{harvnb|Begg|1891|p=29}} The whole Begg family moved to live with him at Ormiston's schoolhouse. Isabella Begg née Burns also ran a school here. The family later moved to nearby Tranent in 1834 when William resigned his post{{harvnb|Begg|1891|p=31}} and emigrated to America.{{harvnb|Begg|1891|p=44}}

The village consists mainly of a broad Main Street, with a row of mostly two storey houses along each side. It crosses two bridges, one over the now redundant railway route, and the other a narrow bridge over the river Tyne. Using strict guidelines for its appearance, John Cockburn put housing for artisans and cottage industries (spinning and weaving) around the original mill hamlet. When he did not achieve the expected return on his investment, he sold it to the Earl of Hopetoun in 1747. The linen trade became a failure, and by 1811 the distillery shut down. A brewery and one of Scotland's first bleachfields were also built here as well. Ormiston later became a mining village. The Ormiston Coal Company's workings were south of Tranent in East Lothian. The company was one of a number of small concerns working either a single or a few linked, small pits on the East Lothian coalfield.{{cite web|url=http://www.urbansea.com/ormiston-coal-company/ |title=Ormiston Coal Company | Pencaitland and Ormiston @ Urbansea |website=Urbansea.com |date=2012-07-03 |access-date=2016-08-11}}

The principal collieries at Ormiston were:{{cite book|title=Industrial Locomotives of Scotland|editor-first=Alan|editor-last=Bridges|publisher=Industrial Railway Society, Market Harborough|date=1976|isbn=0-901096-24-5}}{{cite book|title=Scottish Collieries: An Inventory of the Scottish Coal Industry in the Nationalised Era|first=Miles K.|last=Oglethorpe|publisher=RCAHMS|location=Edinburgh|date=2006|isbn=978-1-902419-47-3}}

• Limeylands (NT406695, {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the Mercat Cross), opened 1895, closed 1954, though the coal preparation plant stayed in use until about October 1958.
• Tynemount (NT401686, {{convert|1.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-south-west of the Mercat Cross), opened 1924, closed January 1952, but not formally abandoned until 1962.
• Oxenford No. 2 (NT393678, south-west of Tynemount), opened 1926, closed 1950.
• Oxenford No. 3 (NT393677), a new pit very close by, was opened by the National Coal Board, but closed in 1952.
• Winton Mine (NT421699), first provided for ventilation purposes in 1943, but developed as a mine by the National Coal Board in 1952, closed in 1962.

File:Ormiston Hall.jpg

Ormiston Hall lay to the south of the village. It was built for John Cockburn in 1745–48 and was later extended for the Earl of Hopetoun. It was added to on at least three occasions in the next 100 years. The Hall now lies in ruins following a fire during World War II{{cite web|url=http://www.urbansea.com/ormiston-hall/ |title=Ormiston Hall | Pencaitland and Ormiston @ Urbansea |website=Urbansea.com |date=2012-07-03 |access-date=2016-08-11}} with residential properties built in and around the grounds.

The remains of the pre-Reformation St Giles Parish Church can still be seen nearby. The Great Yew of Ormiston grows to the south of the hall site. It is a rare example of a layering yew-tree and, according to the Forestry Commission, is up to one thousand years old.{{cite web|url=http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/INFD-6UEJNQ |title=The Great Yew of Ormiston |access-date=2008-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606050742/http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/INFD-6UEJNQ |archive-date=2011-06-06 }}

There are a number of shops in Ormiston.

On the Main Street:

• The Co-operative Store
• Post Office Ltd – At the end of 2011, the Post Office changed ownership and the new profile is as a grocery shop with a Post Office counter.

Elsewhere in the village:

• The Little Superstore

There are a number of small businesses operating from units in the Cockburn Halls, formerly the Miners' Welfare building.

The 15th-century pre-Reformation Mercat Cross on Main Street is unusual for its truly cruciform shape, with three modern steps and a railed enclosure. It is in the care of Historic Scotland.

• Birthplace of the Scottish Congregationalist missionary Robert Moffat (1795–1883); a memorial is erected in his name. He was the father-in-law of David Livingstone, the medical missionary and explorer. His father was a custom house officer; the family of his mother, Ann Gardiner, had lived for several generations at Ormiston.{{cite web|url=http://www.urbansea.com/robert-moffat-1795-1883/ |title=Robert Moffat – 1795–1883 | Pencaitland and Ormiston @ Urbansea |website=Urbansea.com |date=2012-07-03 |access-date=2016-08-11}}
• The religious reformer and Protestant martyr George Wishart was captured in December 1545 by the Earl of Bothwell while hiding at Ormiston Hall.
• John Cockburn of Ormiston, Protestant laird, (died 1583) and his brother, Ninian Cockburn, (died 1579), political agent.
• John Cockburn of Ormiston (c. 1685–1758), landowner and agricultural reformer.
• Charles Maclaren, journalist and geologist, co-founded The Scotsman newspaper, and edited the 6th Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica
• Col. James Burd, hero of the French and Indian War and local Pennsylvania leader in the leadup to the American Revolution

File:OrmistonCross03.jpg|Ormiston Mercat Cross, Historic Scotland plaque

File:OrmistonCross01.jpg|Ormiston Mercat Cross

File:Ormiston Yew - geograph.org.uk - 72512.jpg|Ormiston Yew, outside the town, one of Scotland's few ancient layering yews

• List of places in East Lothian

;Citations

{{Reflist|30em}}

;Works cited

• {{cite book|first=Robert Burns|last=Begg|date=1891|title=Memoir of Isobel Burns (Mrs Begg)|publisher=Privately published}}

{{Commons category|Ormiston, East Lothian|Ormiston}}

• [http://www.ormistonvillage.com/ Ormiston village website]
• [http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst282.html Overview of Ormiston]

{{East Lothian towns and villages}}

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Category:Villages in East Lothian

Category:Parishes in East Lothian