Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme

{{Infobox protein family

| Symbol = ODC_AZ

| Name = Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme

| image = PDB 1zo0 EBI.jpg

| width =

| caption = NMR structure of antizyme isoform 1 from rat

| Pfam = PF02100

| Pfam_clan =

| InterPro = IPR002993

| SMART =

| PROSITE = PDOC01039

| MEROPS =

| SCOP =

| TCDB =

| OPM family =

| OPM protein =

| CAZy =

| CDD =

}}

In molecular biology, Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (ODC-AZ) is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor. It binds to, and destabilises, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. ODC is then rapidly degraded.{{cite journal |vauthors=Matsufuji S, Matsufuji T, Miyazaki Y, Murakami Y, Atkins JF, Gesteland RF, Hayashi S | title = Autoregulatory frameshifting in decoding mammalian ornithine decarboxylase antizyme | journal = Cell | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–60 |date=January 1995 | pmid = 7813017 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90450-6| pmc = 7133313 }} It was first characterized in 1981.{{cite journal |vauthors=Heller JS, Canellakis ES |title=Cellular control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by its antizyme |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=209–17 |year=1981 |pmid=7251680 |doi=10.1002/jcp.1041070206|s2cid=31895913 }} The expression of ODC-AZ requires programmed, ribosomal frameshifting which is modulated according to the cellular concentration of polyamines. High levels of polyamines induce a +1 ribosomal frameshift in the translation of mRNA for the antizyme leading to the expression of a full-length protein. At least two forms of ODC-AZ exist in mammals {{cite journal |vauthors=Ivanov IP, Gesteland RF, Atkins JF | title = A second mammalian antizyme: conservation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting | journal = Genomics | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 119–29 |date=September 1998 | pmid = 9782076 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5434 }} and the protein has been found in Drosophila (protein Gutfeeling{{Cite journal|last1=Salzberg|first1=A.|last2=Golden|first2=K.|last3=Bodmer|first3=R.|last4=Bellen|first4=H. J.|date=1996-09-01|title=Gutfeeling, a Drosophila Gene Encoding an Antizyme-like Protein, Is Required for Late Differentiation of Neurons and Muscles|pmc=1207492|journal=Genetics|volume=144|issue=1|pages=183–196|doi=10.1093/genetics/144.1.183 |issn=0016-6731|pmid=8878684}}) as well as in Saccharomyces yeast (encoded by the OAZ1 gene).[https://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/oaz1 SGD entry for OAZ1 gene]

Human genes encoding Ornithine decarboxylase antizymes are OAZ1, OAZ2, and OAZ3.