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Ornithodoros

{{short description|Genus of arachnids in the soft-bodied tick family, Argasidae.}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|fossil_range={{Fossil range|Neogene|present}}

|image=Ornithodoros-savignyi.jpg

|image_caption=Ornithodoros savignyi

|taxon=Ornithodoros

|authority=C. L. Koch, 1837

|type_species=Ornithodoros savignyi

|type_species_authority=Audouin, 1827

|synonyms_ref=

|synonyms=

}}

Ornithodoros is a genus in the soft-bodied tick family, Argasidae. It is distinguished from other genera in the family by the absence of a lateral 'suture' line.{{Cite journal |last1=Ali |first1=Abid |last2=Khan |first2=Mehran |last3=Numan |first3=Muhammad |last4=Alouffi |first4=Abdulaziz |last5=Almutairi |first5=Mashal M. |last6=Pienaar |first6=Ronel |last7=de Castro |first7=Minique H. |last8=Chitimia-Dobler |first8=Lidia |last9=Muñoz-Leal |first9=Sebastián |last10=Mans |first10=Ben J. |date=August 2024 |title=Description of a new Ornithodoros ( Pavlovskyella ) (Ixodida: Argasidae) tick species from Pakistan |journal=Parasitology |language=en |volume=151 |issue=9 |pages=919–932 |doi=10.1017/S0031182024000982 |issn=0031-1820 |pmc=11770527 |pmid=39355937}} It is the largest genus within Argasidae, consisting of approximately 130 species.{{Cite journal |last1=Estrada-Pena |first1=A. |last2=Mangold |first2=A.J. |last3=Nava |first3=S. |last4=Venzal |first4=J.M. |last5=Labruna |first5=M. |last6=Guglielmone |first6=A.A. |date=2010-09-30 |title=A review of the systematics of the tick family Argasidae (Ixodida) |url=http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=1975 |journal=Acarologia |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=317–333 |doi=10.1051/acarologia/20101975 |issn=0044-586X|hdl=11336/189371 |hdl-access=free }} Ornithodoros ticks are parasitic associates of shelter-seeking vertebrates, such as mammals, birds and reptiles.{{Citation |last1=Estrada-Peña |first1=A. |title=Genus Ornithodoros Koch, 1844 |date=2017 |work=Ticks of Europe and North Africa |pages=41–43 |editor-last=Estrada-Peña |editor-first=Agustín |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-63760-0_10 |access-date=2025-03-25 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-63760-0_10 |isbn=978-3-319-63759-4 |last2=Kleinerman |first2=G. |last3=Baneth |first3=G. |editor2-last=Mihalca |editor2-first=Andrei Daniel |editor3-last=Petney |editor3-first=Trevor N.|url-access=subscription }}

Prior to its reclassification in 1844, the genus Ornithodoros was described under the genus Argas.

Physiology

File:SEM image of ventral view of female Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi..png

The opening between the midgut and hindgut has been lost, preventing these ticks from excreting digestive waste products from their bodies.{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Larry S.|last2=Janovy |first2=John Jr.|title=Foundations of Parasitology|url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsparas00robe|url-access=limited|edition=8th |year=2009|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780073028279|page=[https://archive.org/details/foundationsparas00robe/page/n665 647]}}

Habitat

The genus Ornithodoros have been documented worldwide, with the highest occurrence in the Paleartic realm.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of all species of Ornithodoros is parasitic and relies on one or multiple hosts,{{Cite web |first= |date=December 31, 2017 |title=Ticks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks |website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention}} most of which are shelter-seeking vertebrates, and can also parasitize humans.{{Cite journal |last1=Saleh |first1=Meriam N. |last2=Allen |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Lineberry |first3=Megan W. |last4=Little |first4=Susan E. |last5=Reichard |first5=Mason V. |date=June 2021 |title=Ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America: Biology, geographic distribution, and pathogen transmission |journal=Veterinary Parasitology |language=en |volume=294 |pages=109392 |doi=10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109392 |pmc=9235321 |pmid=33971481}} Mating and moulting occur in close proximity to sites frequented by the hosts, such as nests. Once a larvae hatches, it seeks out a host for its first meal of blood. After feeding for several hours to days, it detaches and molts into a nymph. The nymph will then reattach to a host and repeat the cycle for up to seven instars. Once it reaches adulthood, it continues to feed on the hosts multiple times.

Some Ornithodoros species can reproduce multiple times and may also exhibit autogeny.{{Cite journal |last1=Filatov |first1=Serhii |last2=Krishnavajhala |first2=Aparna |last3=Lopez |first3=Job E. |date=2023-11-29 |editor-last=Tortosa |editor-first=Pablo |title=Autogenous reproduction by Ornithodoros turicata (Ixodida: Argasidae) females and vertical transmission of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia turicatae (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae ) |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |language=en |volume=89 |issue=11 |doi=10.1128/aem.01032-23 |issn=0099-2240 |pmc=10686054 |pmid=37877726|bibcode=2023ApEnM..89E1032F }} The life span of some species may extend up to ten years.

Disease

Due to their status as obligate hematophages, Ornithodoros ticks are constantly exposed to blood-borne pathogens.{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2024 |title=About Ticks and Tickborne Disease |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/about/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}} When feeding on a host, small amounts of their saliva may enter the host and transmit infections. Ornithodoros is commonly recognized as a vector for tick-borne relapsing fever. In addition to transmitting bacteria such as Borrelia, it is also responsible for causing relapsing fever. Species of Ornithodoros are also known to transmit the African Swine Fever Virus,{{Cite journal |last1=Pereira De Oliveira |first1=Rémi |last2=Hutet |first2=Evelyne |last3=Lancelot |first3=Renaud |last4=Paboeuf |first4=Frédéric |last5=Duhayon |first5=Maxime |last6=Boinas |first6=Fernando |last7=Pérez de León |first7=Adalberto A. |last8=Filatov |first8=Serhii |last9=Le Potier |first9=Marie-Frédérique |last10=Vial |first10=Laurence |date=December 2020 |title=Differential vector competence of Ornithodoros soft ticks for African swine fever virus: What if it involves more than just crossing organic barriers in ticks? |journal=Parasites & Vectors |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s13071-020-04497-1 |doi-access=free |issn=1756-3305 |pmc=7725119 |pmid=33298119}} which causes African swine fever in pigs or other closely related animals such as wild boars.

Taxonomy

The Linnean name derives from ornithos ({{langx|el|ὄρνιθος}}) and doros ({{langx|el|Δωρόν}}), meaning "bird" and "gift", respectively.

It contains these species:{{Cite web |author=Joel Hallan |title=Argasidae |website=Catalog of the Acari |publisher=Texas A&M University |date=March 24, 2008 |url=http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Argasidae.txt |access-date=December 18, 2009}}

{{div col|colwidth=24em}}

  • Ornithodoros alactagalis Issaakjan, 1936
  • †Ornithodoros antiquus Poinar, 1995
  • Ornithodoros apertus Walton, 1962
  • Ornithodoros arenicolous Hoogstraal, 1953
  • Ornithodoros asperus Warburton, 1918
  • Ornithodoros atacamensis Muñoz-Leal, Venzal & González-Acuña, 2016{{cite journal |last1=Muñoz-Leal |first1=Sebastián |last2=Venzal |first2=José M. |last3=González-Acuña |first3=Daniel |last4=Nava |first4=Santiago |last5=Lopes |first5=Marcos G. |last6=Martins |first6=Thiago F. |last7=Figueroa |first7=Cecilia |last8=Fernández |first8=Nicolás |last9=Labruna |first9=Marcelo B. |title=A new species of Ornithodoros (Acari: Argasidae) from desert areas of northern Chile |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |date=July 2016 |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=901–910 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.04.008 |pmid=27132517 |hdl=11336/69021 |hdl-access=free }}
  • Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923
  • Ornithodoros cholodkovskyi Pavlovsky, 1930
  • Ornithodoros compactus Walton, 1962
  • Ornithodoros coniceps Canestrini, 1890
  • Ornithodoros costalis Diatta, Bouattour, Durand, Renaud & Trape, 2013{{cite journal|first1=Jean-François|last1=Trape|first2=Georges|last2=Diatta|first3=Céline|last3=Arnathau|first4=Idir|last4=Bitam|first5=M’hammed|last5=Sarih|first6=Driss|last6=Belghyti|first7=Ali|last7=Bouattour|first8=Eric|last8=Elguero|first9=Laurence|last9=Vial|first10=Youssouph|last10=Mané|first11=Cellou|last11=Baldé|first12=Franck|last12=Prugnolle|first13=Gilles|last13=Chauvancy|first14=Gil|last14=Mahé|first15=Laurent|last15=Granjon|first16=Jean-Marc|last16=Duplantier|first17=Patrick|last17=Durand|first18=François|last18=Renaud|year=2013|title=The epidemiology and geographic distribution of Relapsing Fever Borreliosis in West and North Africa, with a review of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex (Acari: Ixodida)|journal=PLOS One|volume=8|issue=11|pages=e78473|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0078473|pmid=24223812|pmc=3817255|bibcode=2013PLoSO...878473T|doi-access=free}}
  • Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch, 1844
  • Ornithodoros eremicus Cooley & Kohls, 1941
  • Ornithodoros faccinii Barros-Battesti, Landulfo & Luz, 2015{{cite journal|first1=Darci Moraes|last1=Barros-Battesti|first2=Gabriel Alves|last2=Landulfo|first3=Hermes Ribeiro|last3=Luz|first4=Arlei|last4=Marcili|first5=Valeria Castilho|last5=Onofrio|first6=Kátia Maria|last6=Famadas|year=2015|title=Ornithodoros faccinii n. sp. (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) parasitizing the frog Thoropa miliaris (Amphibia: Anura: Cycloramphidae) in Brazil|journal=Parasites & Vectors|volume=8|issue=268|pages=268|doi=10.1186/s13071-015-0877-3|pmid=25963542|pmc=4489115 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}
  • Ornithodoros furcosus Neumann, 1908
  • Ornithodoros graingeri Heisch & Guggisberg, 1953
  • Ornithodoros grenieri Klein, 1965
  • Ornithodoros gurneyi Warburton, 1926
  • Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler, Herms & Meyer, 1935
  • Ornithodoros indica Rau & Rao, 1971
  • Ornithodoros kairouanensis Trape, Diatta, Bouattour, Durand & Renaud, 2013
  • Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls, 1941
  • Ornithodoros knoxjonesi Jones & Clifford, 1972
  • Ornithodoros lahillei Venzal, González-Acuña & Nava, 2015{{cite journal |last1=Venzal |first1=José M. |last2=González-Acuña |first2=Daniel |last3=Muñoz-Leal |first3=Sebastián |last4=Mangold |first4=Atilio J. |last5=Nava |first5=Santiago |title=Two new species of Ornithodoros (Ixodida; Argasidae) from the Southern Cone of South America |journal=Experimental and Applied Acarology |date=22 February 2015 |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=127–139 |doi=10.1007/s10493-015-9883-6 |pmid=25702203 |hdl=11336/41197 |s2cid=17122435 |hdl-access=free }}
  • Ornithodoros macmillani (Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1966)
  • Ornithodoros madagascariensis Hoogstraal, 1962
  • Ornithodoros marocanus Velu, 1919
  • Ornithodoros merionesi Trape, Diatta, Belghyti, Sarih, Durand & Renaud, 2013
  • Ornithodoros moubata (Murray, 1877)
  • Ornithodoros nattereri Warburton, 1927
  • Ornithodoros nicollei Mooser, 1932
  • Ornithodoros normandi Larrousse, 1923 {{cite journal |last1=Larrousse |first1=F. |title=Présence au Kef (Tunisie) d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Ornithodoros: O. normandi n. sp. |trans-title=The presence at Kef (Tunisia) of a new species in the genus Ornithodoros: Ornithodoros normandi n. sp. |language=fr |journal=Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée |date=15 October 2017 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=170–177 |doi=10.1051/parasite/1923012170 |doi-access=free }}
  • Ornithodoros occidentalis Trape, Diatta, Durand & Renaud, 2013
  • Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, 1936
  • Ornithodoros porcinus Walton, 1962
  • Ornithodoros procaviae Theodor & Costa, 1960
  • Ornithodoros quilinensis Venzal, Nava, Mangold, Mastropaolo, Casás & Guglielmone, 2012{{cite journal|last1=Venzal|first1=JM|last2=Nava|first2=S|last3=Mangold|first3=AJ|last4=Mastropaolo|first4=M|last5=Casás|first5=G|last6=Guglielmone|first6=AA|year=2012|title=Ornithodoros quilinensis sp. nov. (Acari, Argasidae), a new tick species from the Chacoan region in Argentina|journal=Acta Parasitologica|volume=57|issue=3|pages=329–336|doi=10.2478/s11686-012-0034-5|pmid=22875683|hdl=11336/96496|s2cid=20344318|hdl-access=free}}
  • Ornithodoros rietcorreai Labruna, Nava & Venzal, 2016{{cite journal|first1=Marcelo B.|last1=Labruna|first2=Santiago|last2=Nava|first3=Arlei|last3=Marcili|first4=Amalia R. M.|last4=Barbieri|first5=Pablo H.|last5=Nunes|first6=Mauricio C.|last6=Horta|first7=José M.|last7=Venzal|year=2016|title=A new argasid tick species (Acari: Argasidae) associated with the rock cavy, Kerodon rupestris Wied-Neuwied (Rodentia: Caviidae), in a semiarid region of Brazil|journal=Parasites & Vectors|volume=9|issue=511|pages=511|doi=10.1186/s13071-016-1796-7|pmid=27655282|pmc=5031252 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}
  • Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911
  • Ornithodoros rupestris Trape, Bitam, Renaud & Durand, 2013
  • Ornithodoros saraivai Muñoz-Leal & Labruna, 2017{{cite journal |first1=Sebastián |last1=Muñoz-Leal |first2=Luís Felipe |last2=Toledo |first3=José M. |last3=Venzal |first4=Arlei |last4=Marcili |first5=Thiago F. |last5=Martins |first6=Igor C.L. |last6=Acosta |first7=Adriano |last7=Pinter |first8=Marcelo B. |last8=Labruna |year=2017 |title=Description of a new soft tick species (Acari: Argasidae: Ornithodoros) associated with stream-breeding frogs (Anura: Cycloramphidae: Cycloramphus) in Brazil |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases|volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=682–692 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.04.015 |pmid=28506539 }}
  • Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827)
  • Ornithodoros sawaii Kitaoka & Suzuki, 1973{{cite journal |last1=Kitaoka |first1=S |last2=Suzuki |first2=H |title=Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) sawaii sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Argasidae) associated with the streaked shear-water, Colonectris leucomelas, from the Amami-oshima Islands, Japan. |journal=National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly |date=1973 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=142–8 |pmid=4791252 }}
  • Ornithodoros sonrai Sautet & Witkowski, 1943
  • Ornithodoros steini (Schulze, 1935)
  • Ornithodoros tartakovskyi Olenev, 1931 {{cite journal |last1=Baltazard |first1=M. |last2=Pournaki |first2=R. |last3=Bahmanyar |first3=M. |last4=Chamsa |first4=M. |title=Ornithodorus tartakovskyi Olenev 1931 et Borrelia (Spirochaeta) latychevii Sofiev 1941 |journal=Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée |date=12 October 2017 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=225–242 |doi=10.1051/parasite/1955303225 |pmid=13238994 |doi-access=free }}
  • Ornithodoros tholozani Laboulbène & Mégnin, 1882
  • Ornithodoros transversus (Banks, 1902)
  • Ornithodoros turicata (Dugès, 1876)
  • Ornithodoros xerophylus Venzal, Mangold & Nava, 2015
  • Ornithodoros zumpti Heisch & Guggisberg, 1953

{{div col end}}

Carios erraticus was previously placed in this genus, as Ornithodoros erraticus.

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q640158}}

Category:Ticks

Category:Acari genera

Category:Argasidae

Category:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Koch