Orson F. Whitney

{{Infobox Latter Day Saint biography

| name = Orson F. Whitney

| image = Orson F. Whitney.JPG

| caption = ca. 1870-1875

| birth_name = Orson Ferguson Whitney

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1855|07|01}}

| birth_place = Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, United States

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1931|05|16|1855|07|01}}

| death_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

| resting_place = Salt Lake City Cemetery

| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|40|46|37.92|N|111|51|28.8|W|type:landmark|display=inline}}

| signature = Orson F. Whitney Signature.JPG

| position_or_quorum1 = Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

| president1 = Joseph F. Smith

| start_date1 = {{start date|1906|04|09}}

| end_date1 = {{end date|1931|05|16}}

| position_or_quorum2 = LDS Church Apostle

| president2 = Joseph F. Smith

| start_date2 = {{start date|1906|04|09}}

| ordination_reason2 = Resignation of Matthias F. Cowley and John W. Taylor from the Quorum of the Twelve; death of Marriner W. MerrillGeorge F. Richards and David O. McKay were called at the same time as Whitney to fill the three vacancies in the Quorum of the Twelve.

| end_date2 = {{end date|1931|05|16}}

| reorganization2 = Joseph F. Merrill ordained

| list_notes = Grandson of both Newel K. Whitney and Heber C. Kimball.

| spouse = Zina Beal Smoot
May Wells, July 1888

| children = Horace Newel
Heber Kimball
Emily
Helen Mar
Margaret
Charles Byron
Murray Wells
Albert Owen
Wendell Webb
Paul Van Colt
Virginia Clayton

}}

Orson Ferguson Whitney (1 July 1855 – 16 May 1931), born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1906 until his death.

Early life

Whitney was the son of Horace K. Whitney and Helen Mar Kimball. Whitney's father, Horace, had set type for the original publication of the Deseret NewsAndrew Jenson. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, vol. 4, p. 722. and worked as a printer with the newspaper for 21 years.{{cite web|url=http://www.geni.com/people/Horace-Kimball-Whitney/6000000002666797908 |title=Horace Kimball Whitney (1823 - 1884) - Genealogy |website=Geni.com |access-date=2016-09-24}}

Background

Whitney was a politician, journalist, poet, historian and academic. In 1878, as a young man, Whitney began a career in writing with the business office of the Deseret News, later becoming a reporter and the city editor. Whitney served as a missionary for the LDS Church for a time in Pennsylvania and Ohio.Neal W. Kramer's review of Dennis B. Horne's biography of Whitney

During a mission in Europe for the LDS Church from 1881 to 1883, he acted as editor of the church publication Millennial Star. In 1896 and 1897, Whitney taught English and theology at Brigham Young College in Logan, Utah.

In 1899, Whitney accepted the position of Assistant Church Historian and served in that position until he was called as an apostle.

Whitney was also involved in the politics of Salt Lake City and Utah. He served on the Salt Lake City Council in 1880, acted as City Treasurer from 1884 to 1890, and served as a State Senator in 1898, and again in 1901.

Personal life

Like many early Mormons, Whitney practiced polygamy. Whitney had two wives (simultaneously), having married the second in 1888. After the 1890 Manifesto on polygamy, Whitney became a strong supporter of the policy ending polygamy.

Writing

Whitney produced the lyrics to several LDS Church hymns, including "The Wintry Day, Descending to Its Close" (music composed by Edward P. Kimball) and "Savior Redeemer of My Soul" (music by Harry A. Dean); these hymns appear as numbers 37 and 112, respectively, in the current edition of the LDS Church hymnal.

Whitney's historical works, although detailed, well researched and presented, are written from a Latter-day Saint perspective;{{cite book|last1=Whitney|first1=Orson|title=Life of Heber C. Kimball (online)|year=1888|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdkRAAAAIAAJ}}{{cite book|last1=Whitney|first1=Orson|title=Life of Heber C. Kimball|date=November 1888|publisher=Zion's Camp Books|location=Preface}} one 21st-century historian has commented that they are "locked in the ironclad orthodoxy" of Mormonism.Gary Topping, Utah Historians and the Reconstruction of Western History, (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2005 {{ISBN|0-8061-3561-1}}) p. 8.

In June 1888 (and published the following month in The Contributor), Whitney delivered a speech entitled "Home Literature"; the speech is widely credited with proving both permission and impetus for Mormon literature and is the source of the sentence, "We will yet have Miltons and Shakespeares of our own."Oppenheimer, Mark. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/09/us/mormons-offer-cautionary-lesson-on-sunny-outlook-vs-literary-greatness.html "Mormons Offer Cautionary Lesson on Sunny Outlook vs. Literary Greatness"], The New York Times, 8 November 2013. Retrieved on 20 March 2020.

Whitney prepared a biography of Lorenzo Snow, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, for publication in 1890. However it was not published at that time. It was entitled, Latter Leaves in the Life of Lorenzo Snow. In 2012, Dennis B. Horne published an edited and expanded version of this work under the same title with Cedar Fort, Inc., of Springville, Utah. This work covered the Snow's life from 1885 to 1889 and was written as a continuation of Snow's sister, Eliza R. Snow's, work Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow. In publishing this work, Horne included Whitney's work as the first nine chapters of his book and then covered the following 11 years of Snow's life.[https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/latter-leaves-in-the-life-of-lorenzo-snow/ review of the edition by Horne] in BYU Studies by William G. Hartley Horne's published record only included about a third of Whitney's manuscript of his history of Lorenzo Snow.

Publications include:

The Life of Heber C. Kimball (1888){{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeheberckimba00whitgoog |title=Life of Heber C. Kimball: The Father and Founder of the British Mission : Orson Ferguson Whitney : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |website=Archive.org |access-date=2016-09-24}}
Poetical Writings (1889–90)
History of Utah (4 Volumes){{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog |title=History of Utah: Comprising Preliminary Chapters on the Previous History of Her Founders ... : Orson Ferguson Whitney : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |website=Archive.org |access-date=2016-09-24}}{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofutahcom02whitrich |title=History of Utah, comprising preliminary chapters on the previous history of her founders accounts of early Spanish and American explorations in the Rocky Mountain region, the advent of the Mormon pioneers, the establishment and dissolution of the provisional government of the state of Deseret, and the subsequent creation and development of the territory : Whitney, Orson F. (Orson Ferguson), 1855-1931 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |website=Archive.org |access-date=2016-09-24}}{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp00whitgoog |title=History of Utah: Comprising Preliminary Chapters on the Previous History of Her Founders ... : Orson Ferguson Whitney : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |website=Archive.org |access-date=2016-09-24}}
Elias: An Epic of the Ages (1904){{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/eliasanepicages01whitgoog |title=Elias: An Epic of the Ages |publisher=Knickerbocker Press |year=1904 |author=Orson Ferguson Whitney |via=Internet Archive |access-date=2016-09-24}}
Love and the Light: An Idyll of the Westland (1918)

LDS Church service

In 1905, two members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles resigned over a dispute regarding the 1890 Manifesto, which prohibited any further plural marriages within the church. John W. Taylor disagreed with the Manifesto entirely; Matthias F. Cowley felt that it should apply only to the United States. In February of the next year, Marriner W. Merrill died, which left three vacancies in the quorum.

At a general conference of the church on April 8, 1906, Whitney was called as an apostle, along with George F. Richards and David O. McKay.Stack, Peggy Fletcher. [https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2980646&itype=CMSID "Will the LDS Church name three new apostles at fall conference?"], The Salt Lake Tribune, 23 September 2013. Retrieved on 20 March 2020.

Image:OrsonFWhitneyGrave.jpg

Death and legacy

Whitney died in Salt Lake City after being hospitalized for influenza.{{cite web|url=http://images.archives.utah.gov/data/81448/2259926/2259926_0000301.jpg|format=JPG|title=State of Utah Death Certificate|website=Images.archives.utah.gov|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171542/http://images.archives.utah.gov/data/81448/2259926/2259926_0000301.jpg|archive-date=2011-07-18|url-status=dead}} He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

Whitney is the namesake of the community of Whitney, Idaho.{{cite book|last=Lund|first=Anthon Henrik|title=The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsUUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA41|year=1922|publisher=Geneal. Society of Utah|page=41}}

References

External links

[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/liahona/2003/12/the-divinity-of-jesus-christ?lang=eng The Divinity of Jesus Christ: Elder Orson F. Whitney]
{{Internet Archive author |sname=Orson Ferguson Whitney}}

{{succession box

| title= Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

| years= April 9, 1906–May 16, 1931

| before=George F. Richards

| after= David O. McKay

|}}

Category:1855 births

Category:1931 deaths

Category:19th-century American male writers

Category:19th-century American poets

Category:19th-century Mormon missionaries

Category:American Latter Day Saint hymnwriters